DIN EN ISO 13503-5-2006 Petroleum and natural gas industries - Completion fluids and materials - Part 5 Procedures for measuring the long-term conductivity of proppants (ISO 13503-.pdf

1、Oktober 2006DEUTSCHE NORM Normenausschuss Erdl- und Erdgasgewinnung (NG) im DINPreisgruppe 14DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V. Jede Art der Vervielfltigung, auch auszugsweise, nur mit Genehmigung des DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V., Berlin, gestattet.ICS 75.180.99!,odb“9766563www.din.deD

2、DIN EN ISO 13503-5Erdl- und Erdgasindustrie Komplettierungsflssigkeiten und Materialien Teil 5: Verfahren zur Messung der Langzeitleitfhigkeit vonSttzmaterialien (ISO 13503-5:2006);Englische Fassung EN ISO 13503-5:2006Petroleum and natural gas industries Completion fluids and materials Part 5: Proce

3、dures for measuring the long-term conductivity of proppants(ISO 13503-5:2006);English version EN ISO 13503-5:2006Industries du ptrole et du gaz naturel Fluides de compltion et matriaux Partie 5: Modes opratoires pour mesurer la conductivit long terme des agents desoutnement (ISO 13503-5:2006);Versio

4、n anglaise EN ISO 13503-5:2006Alleinverkauf der Normen durch Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlinwww.beuth.deGesamtumfang 31 SeitenDIN EN ISO 13503-5:2006-10 2 Nationales Vorwort Diese Europische Norm wurde vom Technischen Komitee CEN/TC 12 Materialien, Ausrstungen und Offshore-Bauwerke fr die Erdl-, pet

5、rochemische und Erdgasindustrie“ (Sekretariat: Frankreich) erstellt. Es handelt sich dabei um die unvernderte bernahme von ISO 13503-5:2006, erarbeitet von ISO/TC 67 Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries“, Subkomitee SC 3 Drilling and co

6、mpletion fluids, and well cements“. Fr Deutschland hat hieran der Arbeitskreis NG 12/67 AK 3 Bohrsplung und Zemente“ im Normen-ausschuss Erdl- und Erdgasgewinnung (NG) mitgearbeitet. Diese Europische Norm enthlt unter Bercksichtigung des DIN-Prsidialbeschlusses 13/1983 nur die englische Originalfass

7、ung der ISO-Norm. EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 13503-5July 2006ICS 75.100English VersionPetroleum and natural gas industries - Completion fluids andmaterials - Part 5: Procedures for measuring the long-termconductivity of proppants (ISO 13503-5:2006)Industries du ptrole et d

8、u gaz naturel - Fluides decompltion et matriaux - Partie 5: Modes opratoires pourmesurer la conductivit long terme des agents desoutnement (ISO 13503-5:2006)Erdl- und Erdgasindustrie - Komplettierungsflssigkeitenund Materialien - Teil 5: Verfahren zur Messung derThis European Standard was approved b

9、y CEN on 24 May 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards m

10、ay be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Cent

11、ral Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Polan

12、d, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 13503-5:2006: E(ISO 13503-5:2006)L

13、angzeitleitfhigkeit von Sttzmaterialien EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Contents Page 1 2 3 4 5 5.1 5.2 6 6.1 6.2 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 9 9.1 9.2 10 10.1 10.2 11 12 13 14 Introduction 4 Scope .

14、 5 Normative reference . 5 Terms and definitions. 5 Abbreviations 6 Procedures for evaluating long-term proppant pack conductivity . 6 Objective 6 Discussion. 6 Reagents and materials . 7 Test fluid 7 Sandstone 7 Long-term conductivity test apparatus 7 Test unit . 7 Hydraulic load frame 7 Pack width

15、 measurement device(s) 7 Test fluid drive system. 7 Differential pressure transducers . 8 Back-pressure regulators 8 Balance 8 Oxygen removal 8 Temperature control. 8 Silica saturation and monitoring. 9 Equipment calibration 9 Pressure indicators and flow rates. 9 Zero pack width measurement 9 Deter

16、mination of cell width 10 Hydraulic load frame 10 Leak tests 10 Hydraulic load frame 10 Test fluid system. 10 Procedure for loading the cells . 10 Preparation of the test unit 10 Cell setup. 11 Loading cell(s) in the press . 13 Calculation of permeability and conductivity 14 Data reporting . 15 Anne

17、x A (informative) Conversion factors 16 Annex B (normative) Silica-saturation vessel setup 17 Acquiring data. 13 Bibliography . 28 Foreword. 3 Annex C (informative) Figures 19 EN ISO 13503-5:2006 (E)2Foreword This document (EN ISO 13503-5:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 “Mat

18、erials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries“, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Sta

19、ndard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national st

20、andards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,

21、 Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 13503-5:2006 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13503-5:2006 without any modifications. EN ISO 13503-5:2006 (E)3Introduction This part of ISO 13503 is largely based on API RP 611. Informat

22、ive references are also included in the Biblography, References 2 to 15. The tests and test apparatus herein have been developed to establish standard procedures and conditions for use in evaluating the long-term conductivity of various hydraulic fracture proppant materials under laboratory conditio

23、ns. This procedure enables users to compare the conductivity characteristics under the specifically described test conditions. The test results can aid users in comparing proppant materials for use in hydraulic fracturing operations. The procedures presented in this publication are not intended to i

24、nhibit the development of new technology, materials improvements, or improved operational procedures. Qualified engineering analysis and sound judgment is required for their application to fit a specific situation. This part of ISO 13503 may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been

25、 made by ISO and API to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in it. However, ISO and API make no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this part of ISO 13503, and hereby expressly disclaim any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its

26、use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this part of ISO may conflict. In this part of ISO 13503, where practical, U.S. customary units are included in parentheses for information. EN ISO 13503-5:2006 (E)4CAUTION The testing procedures in this part of ISO 1

27、3503 are not designed to provide absolute values of proppant conductivity under downhole reservoir conditions. Long-term test data have shown that time, elevated temperatures, fracturing fluid residues, cyclic stress loading, embedment, formation fines and other factors further reduce fracture propp

28、ant pack conductivity. Also, this reference test is designed to measure only the frictional energy losses corresponding to laminar flow within a pack. It is recognized that fluid velocity within an actual fracture can be significantly higher than in these laboratory tests, and can be dominated by in

29、ertial effects. 1 Scope This part of ISO 13503 provides standard testing procedures for evaluating proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations. NOTE The “proppants” mentioned henceforth in this part of ISO 13503 refer to sand, ceramic media, resin-coated proppants, gravel pa

30、cking media, and other materials used for hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations. The objective of this part of ISO 13503 is to provide consistent methodology for testing performed on hydraulic-fracturing and/or gravel-packing proppants. It is not intended for use in obtaining absolute v

31、alues of proppant pack conductivities under downhole reservoir conditions. 2 Normative reference The following referenced document is indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced

32、 standard (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3506-1, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless-steel fasteners Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 conductivity width of the fracture multiplied by the permeability of the proppant pack 3.2 laminar flow type of

33、 streamlined flow for single-phase fluids in which the fluid moves in parallel layers, or laminae, such that the layers flow smoothly over each other with instabilities being dampened by the viscosity EN ISO 13503-5:2006 (E)53.3 Ohio sandstone fine-grained sandstone found in the United States from t

34、he Scioto Formation in southern Ohio 3.4 permeability a measure of the ability of media to transmit fluid through pore spaces 4 Abbreviations API American Petroleum Institute ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials RTV Room temperature vulcanizing ANSI American National Standards Institute P

35、ID Proportional-integral device 5 Procedures for evaluating long-term proppant pack conductivity 5.1 Objective The objective is to establish a standard test procedure, using a standard apparatus, under standard test conditions to evaluate the long-term conductivity of proppants under laboratory cond

36、itions. This procedure is used to evaluate the conductivity of proppants under laboratory conditions but is not intended for use in obtaining absolute values of proppant pack conductivities under downhole reservoir conditions. The effects of fines, formation hardness, resident fluids, time, and/or o

37、ther factors are beyond the scope of this procedure. 5.2 Discussion In this part of ISO 13503 procedure, a closure stress is applied across a test unit for 50 h 2 h to allow the proppant sample bed to reach a semi-steady state condition. As the fluid is forced through the proppant bed, the proppant

38、pack width, differential pressure, temperature and flow rates are measured at each stress level. Proppant pack permeability and conductivity are calculated. Multiple flow rates are used to verify the performance of the transducers, and to determine darcy flow regime at each stress; an average of the

39、 data at these flow rates is reported. A minimum pressure drop of 0,01 kPa (0,002 0 psi) is recommended; otherwise, flow rates shall be increased. At stipulated flow rates and temperature conditions, no appreciable non-darcy flow or inertial effects are encountered. After completing the rates at a c

40、losure stress level in all cells, the closure stress is increased to a new level; 50 h 2 h is allowed for the proppant bed to reach a semi-steady state condition, and multiple flow rates in all cells are introduced to gather data required to determine proppant pack conductivity at this stress level.

41、 The procedure is repeated until all desired closure stresses and flow rates have been evaluated. To achieve accurate conductivity measurements, it is essential that single-phase flow occurs. Test condition parameters, such as test fluid, temperature, loading, sandstone and time, at each stress shal

42、l be reported along with long-term conductivity and permeability data. Other conditions can be used to evaluate different characteristics of proppants and, therefore, can be expected to produce differing results. EN ISO 13503-5:2006 (E)66 Reagents and materials 6.1 Test fluid The test fluid is 2 % b

43、y mass potassium chloride (KCl) in a deionized or distilled-water solution filtered to at least 7 m. The potassium chloride shall be at least 99,0 % by mass pure. 6.2 Sandstone Ohio sandstone cores should have dimensions of 17,70 cm to 17,78 cm (6,96 in to 7,00 in) in length, 3,71 cm to 3,81 cm (1,4

44、6 in to 1,50 in) wide, and a minimum of 0,9 cm (0,35 in) thick. The ends of the sandstone cores shall be rounded to fit into the test unit (see 7.1). Parallel thickness shall be maintained within 0,008 cm ( 0,003 in). 7 Long-term conductivity test apparatus 7.1 Test unit The test unit shall be a lin

45、ear flow design with a 64,5 cm2(10 in2) proppant and bed area. Figure C.1 illustrates the details of the test unit and an example of how cells can be stacked. The pistons and test chamber(s) shall be constructed of 316 stainless steel (e.g. ISO 3506-1, Grade A4), Monel1)or Hastalloy material. Filter

46、s for the test unit may be constructed using Monel wire cloth with an opening of 150 m or equivalent (100 US mesh). Nominal particle retention sizes are greater than 114 m. 7.2 Hydraulic load frame The hydraulic load frame shall have sufficient capacity to develop 667 kN (150 000 lbf). To ensure uni

47、form stress distribution, the platens shall be parallel to each other. It is recommended that the hydraulic load frame be of a four-post design that minimizes warping that can be transmitted to the test cell. Each post should have a minimum diameter of 6,35 cm (2,5 in). The hydraulic pressurization

48、source shall be capable of holding any desired closure stress 1,0 % or 345 kPa (50 psi), whichever is greater for 50 h. The hydraulic load frame shall be capable of loading rate changes of 4 448 N/min (1 000 lbf/min) or 690 kPa/min (100 psi/min) on a 64,5 cm2(10 in2) cell. A calibrated electronic lo

49、ad cell shall be used to calibrate the stress between the hydraulic ram and the opposing platen of the load frame. 7.3 Pack width measurement device(s) Pack width measurements shall be made at each end of the test unit. A measuring device capable of measuring to 0,002 5 cm (0,001 in) accuracy or better shall be used. Figure C.4 shows an example of width slats allowing for the measurement of pack widths. 7.4 Test fluid drive system Some constant-flow-rate pumps (e.g. chromatographic pumps) have been found