DIN EN ISO 13833-2013 Stationary source emissions - Determination of the ratio of biomass (biogenic) and fossil-derived carbon dioxide - Radiocarbon sampling and determination (ISO.pdf

1、July 2013 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 17No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 1

2、3.040.40!%*o“2040776www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 13833Stationary source emissions Determination of the ratio of biomass (biogenic) and fossil-derivedcarbon dioxide Radiocarbon sampling and determination (ISO 13833:2013);English version EN ISO 13833:2013,English translation of DIN EN ISO 13833:2013-07Emissi

3、onen aus stationren Quellen Bestimmung des Verhltnisses von Kohlendioxid aus Biomasse (biogen) und aus fossilenQuellen Probenahme und Bestimmung des radioaktiven Kohlenstoffs (ISO 13833:2013);Englische Fassung EN ISO 13833:2013,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 13833:2013-07missions de sources fix

4、es Dtermination du rapport du dioxyde de carbone de la biomasse (biognique) et desdrivs fossiles chantillonnage et dtermination du radiocarbone (ISO 13833:2013);Version anglaise EN ISO 13833:2013,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 13833:2013-07www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the

5、 German-language original shall be considered authoritative.This standard has been included in the VDI/DIN Handbook on air quality, Volume 5.4307.13 DIN EN ISO 13833:2013-07 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 13833:2013) has been prepared by Technical Co

6、mmittee ISO/TC 146 “Air quality” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft (KRdL) im VDI und DIN Normenausschuss (Commission on Air Pollution Preventi

7、on of VDI and DIN Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 134-04-01-04 UA Messen von CO- und KW-Konzentrationen. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 13833 April 2013 ICS 13.040.40 English Version Stationary source emissions - Determination of the ratio of biomass (biogenic) a

8、nd fossil-derived carbon dioxide - Radiocarbon sampling and determination (ISO 13833:2013) missions de sources fixes - Dtermination du rapport du dioxyde de carbone de la biomasse (biognique) et des drivs fossiles - chantillonnage et dtermination du radiocarbone (ISO 13833:2013) Emissionen aus stati

9、onren Quellen - Bestimmung des Verhltnisses von Kohlendioxid aus Biomasse (biogen) und aus fossilen Quellen - Probenahme und Bestimmung des radioaktiven Kohlenstoffs (ISO 13833:2013) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 March 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Inte

10、rnal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any

11、 CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official ve

12、rsions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway

13、, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any

14、 form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 13833:2013: EContents DIN EN ISO 13833:2013-07 EN ISO 13833:2013 (E) 2 Page Foreword 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 6 4.1 Symbols 6 4.2

15、 Abbreviations . 7 5 Principle 8 5.1 General . 8 5.2 Principles of sampling 8 5.3 14C measurement techniques . 9 6 Reagent, materials and equipment 9 7 Analysis 13 8 Calculation of the results 13 9 Quality assurance and quality control procedures 15 10 Test report 15 Annex A (normative) Procedure fo

16、r 14C determination by accelerator mass spectrometry . 17 Annex B (normative) Procedure for 14C determination by liquid scintillation counter method 20 Annex C (normative) Procedures for 14C determination by beta-ionization . 25 Annex D (informative) Performance characteristics 14C methods 28 Annex

17、E (informative) Definitions and equations of the 14C-based method . 32 Bibliography. 4 0Foreword This document (EN ISO 13833:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146 Air quality” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality” the secretariat of which is held by D

18、IN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that so

19、me of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to imp

20、lement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romani

21、a, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 13833:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13833:2013 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 13833:2013-07 EN ISO 13833:2013 (E) 3 “IntroductionReliable data for biogenic carbon diox

22、ide (CO2) emissions are needed for carbon emission trading and in order to provide more accurate inventories.When combusting mixtures of fuels from fossil and biogenic origin, it is often difficult to determine the exact ratio of biogenic and fossil CO2in the total CO2that is emitted through the sta

23、ck gas, because the biogenic and fossil composition of the combusted fuels is not always known or cannot be determined with sufficient accuracy. This is the case when solid recovered fuels (SRF) are used.The contribution of solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels to energy production is likely to increa

24、se. A reliable and robust method for the determination of the ratio of fossil and biogenic CO2in the total emitted CO2of stack gas will enhance the implementation of these products, as reliable data for carbon emission trading can be generated with this approach.Different methods exist to determine

25、the ratio of fossil and biogenic CO2in stack gas. The radiocarbon (14C isotope) method has been applied since the 1950s in a variety of sample types, like food, fuels, polymers, and atmospheric and combustion CO2to determine the ratio of biogenic and fossil carbon (Reference 18). Biogenic and fossil

26、 carbon can be distinguished based on the measured amount of the 14C isotope in the sample. Another, relatively new applied method is the “balance method”, which combines standard data on the chemical composition of biogenic and fossil organic matter with routinely measured operating data of the pla

27、nt (Reference 10). Similar methods using stoichiometric methods, for example, can also be used.This International Standard gives sampling and analysis methods for the determination of the ratio of biomass and fossil fuel-derived CO2in the total emitted CO2from exhaust gases of stationary sources, ba

28、sed on the radiocarbon (14C isotope) method. Sample strategies for integrated sampling for periods from 1 h up to 1 month are given. Radiocarbon determination procedures include accelerated mass spectrometry (AMS), beta-ionization (BI), and liquid scintillation (LS) measurement procedures for the de

29、termination of the radiocarbon content.The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of patents concerning the use of the radiocarbon isotope as biogenic marker: a) Method for determining

30、 the relationship of renewable to non-renewable sources of energy; b) Method for determining the fossil fuel content in a fuel stream, as well as a an incineration furnace.ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of these patent rights.The holders of these patent rights have

31、 assured ISO that they are willing to negotiate licences under reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this respect, statements of the holders of these patent rights are registered with ISO. Information may be obtained from:a) European Cement R

32、esearch Academy (ECRA)Tannenstrasse 2, D-40476, DSSELDORF. Tel.: +49 211 23 98 38 0; E-mail: infoecra-online.orgb) Energy Research Centre of the NetherlandsWesterduinweg 3, PO Box 1, NL-1755 ZG PETTEN. Tel.: +31 224 56 4475; E-mail: denuijlecn.nlAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the

33、 elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights other than those identified above. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO (www.iso.org/patents) maintains on-line databases of patents relevant to its documents. Users are encouraged to consul

34、t the databases for the most up to date information concerning patents.DIN EN ISO 13833:2013-07 EN ISO 13833:2013 (E) 4 1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies sampling methods and analysis methods for the determination of the ratio of biomass- and fossil-derived carbon dioxide (CO2) in the CO2

35、from exhaust gases of stationary sources, based on the radiocarbon (14C isotope) method. The lower limit of application is a biogenic to total CO2fraction of 0,02. The working range is a biogenic to total CO2fraction of 0,02 to 1,0.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispe

36、nsable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 7934, Stationary source emissions Determination of the mass concentration of sulfur dioxide

37、Hydrogen peroxide/barium perchlorate/Thorin methodISO 10396, Stationary source emissions Sampling for the automated determination of gas emission concentrations for permanently-installed monitoring systemsISO 15713, Stationary source emissions Sampling and determination of gaseous fluoride content3

38、Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1biogenicproduced in natural processes by living organisms but not fossilized or derived from fossil resources3.2biomassmaterial of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formatio

39、n or transformed to fossil3.3isotope abundancefraction of atoms of a particular isotope of an element3.4organic carbonamount of carbon bound in an organic material3.5percentage modern carbonpmCnormalized and standardized value for the amount of the 14C isotope in a sample, calculated relative to the

40、 standardized and normalized 14C isotope amount of oxalic acid standard reference material, SRM 4990c1)Note 1 to entry: In 2009, the value of 100 % bio-based carbon was set at 105 pmC.1) SRM 4990c is the trade name of a product supplied by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology. DIN E

41、N ISO 13833:2013-07 EN ISO 13833:2013 (E) 5 3.6proportional samplingflow proportional samplingtechnique for obtaining a sample from flowing stack gas in which the wet or dry sample flow rate is directly proportional to the mass flow rate, volume flow rate or velocity in the stack3.7radiocarbonradioa

42、ctive isotope of the element carbon, 14C, having 8 neutrons, 6 protons, and 6 electronsNote 1 to entry: Of the total carbon on Earth, 1 1010% mass fraction is 14C. It decays exponentially with a half-life of 5 730 years and as such it is not measurable in fossil materials derived from petroleum, coa

43、l, natural gas or any other source older than about 50 000 years.3.8samplequantity of material, representative of a larger quantity for which the property is to be determined3.9sample preparationall the actions taken to obtain representative analyses, samples or test portions from the original sampl

44、e3.10test portionquantity of material drawn from the test sample (or from the laboratory sample if both are the same) and on which the test or observation is actually carried out3.11beta-particleelectron or positron which has been emitted by an atomic nucleus or neutron in a nuclear transformation I

45、SO 921:1997,1definition 814 Symbols and abbreviated terms4.1 SymbolsA disintegrations per secondb default 14C content (in pmC) of 100 % biomass, produced and harvested in 2011E counting rateCVcoefficient of variationE(R0) counting rate of blankE(Rn,LLD) lower limit of detectioni increment numberk1 +

46、 k1 coverage factor (typical value: 1,645)m measured 14C content of the samplemCO2mass of CO2This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the

47、 same results.DIN EN ISO 13833:2013-07 EN ISO 13833:2013 (E) 6 MCO244,01 kg/kmolen number of incrementsr biogenic CO2to total CO2ratio derived from the measured pmC valuet operating timetbcounting time of samplet0counting time of blankV total amount of stack gas emittedVCO2volume of CO2Viactual stac

48、k gas flow at moment iVm22,41 m3/kmol (at 273 K and 1 013 hPa)beta-particle (electron emitted during radioactive decay)CO2average concentration of CO2CO2,iactual concentration of CO2 counting efficiency of the apparatus (0 1)4.2 AbbreviationsAMS accelerator mass spectrometer; accelerator mass spectrometryBI beta-ionization measurement, gas proportional counter, proportional gas countercpm counts per minutecps counts per seconddpm disintegrations per minutedps disintegrations per second, equivalent to