DIN EN ISO 14238-2014 Soil quality - Biological methods - Determination of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in soils and the influence of chemicals on these processes (ISO.pdf

1、March 2014 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS

2、13.080.10!%,:“2099323www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 14238Soil quality Biological methods Determination of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in soils andthe influence of chemicals on these processes (ISO 14238:2012);English version EN ISO 14238:2013,English translation of DIN EN ISO 14238:2014-03Boden

3、beschaffenheit Biologische Verfahren Bestimmung der Stickstoffmineralisierung und -nitrifizierung in Bden und der Einflssevon Chemikalien auf diese Prozesse (ISO 14238:2012);Englische Fassung EN ISO 14238:2013,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 14238:2014-03Qualit du sol Mthodes biologiques Dtermin

4、ation de la minralisation de lazote et de la nitrification dans les sols, et delinfluence des produits chimiques sur ces processus (ISO 14238:2012);Version anglaise EN ISO 14238:2013,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 14238:2014-03SupersedesDIN ISO 14238:1999-10www.beuth.deDocument comprises 20 pages

5、In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.02.14 DIN EN ISO 14238:2014-03 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword The text of ISO 14238:2012 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” and has been taken over as EN ISO 1

6、4238:2013 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” (Secretariat: NEN, Netherlands). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (Water Practice Standards Committee), Subcommittee NA 119-01-02-04 UA Biologische Verfahren of Working

7、Committee NA 119-01-02 AA Abfall- und Bodenuntersuchung. Expert assistance and specialized laboratories will be required to perform the analyses described in this standard. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 10381-6 DIN ISO

8、 10381-6 ISO 10390 DIN ISO 10390 ISO 10694 DIN ISO 10694 ISO 11260 DIN EN ISO 11260 ISO 11261 DIN ISO 11261 ISO 11266 DIN ISO 11266 ISO 11274 DIN ISO 11274 ISO 11277 DIN ISO 11277 ISO 11465 DIN ISO 11465 Amendments This standard differs from DIN ISO 14238:1999-10 as follows: a) Figure 1 has been rev

9、ised; b) Subclause 8.2 “Toxicity testing” has been revised; c) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN ISO 14238: 1999-10 DIN EN ISO 14238:2014-03 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 11260, Soil quality Determination of effective cation exchange capacit

10、y and base saturation level using barium chloride solution DIN ISO 10381-6, Soil quality Sampling Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory DIN ISO 10390, Soil qua

11、lity Determination of pH DIN ISO 10694, Soil quality Determination of organic and total carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis) DIN ISO 11261, Soil quality Determination of total nitrogen Modified Kjeldahl method DIN ISO 11266, Soil quality Guidance on laboratory testing for biodegradation

12、 of organic chemicals in soil under aerobic conditions DIN ISO 11274, Soil quality Determination of the water retention characteristics Laboratory methods DIN ISO 11277, Soil quality Determination of particle size distribution in mineral soil material Method by sieving and sedimentation DIN ISO 1146

13、5, Soil quality Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis Gravimetric method DIN EN ISO 14238:2014-03 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 14238 December 2013 ICS 13.080.30 English Version Soil quality Biological methods Dete

14、rmination of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in soils and the influence of chemicals on these processes (ISO 14238:2012) Qualit du sol Mthodes biologiques Dtermination de la minralisation de lazote et de la nitrification dans les sols, et de linfluence des produits chimiques sur ces proces

15、sus (ISO 14238:2012) Bodenbeschaffenheit Biologische Verfahren Bestimmung der Stickstoffmineralisierung und -nitrifizierung in Bden und der Einflsse von Chemikalien auf diese Prozesse (ISO 14238:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 November 2013. CEN members are bound to comply wit

16、h the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Manag

17、ement Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same sta

18、tus as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malt

19、a, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN

20、 All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 14238:2013 E Contents PageForeword . 3Introduction 41 Scope 52 Normative references . 53 Terms and definitions . 54 Principle . 65 Materials . 65.1 Soils 65.2 Reagents and materials

21、. 75.3 Test substance . 76 Apparatus 87 Procedures 87.1 Experimental options . 87.2 Treatment of soils 87.3 Incubation of soils . 97.4 Sampling of soils for testing 107.5 Extraction of soils . 107.6 Analyses 108 Expression of results . 108.1 Basic mineralization test . 108.2 Toxicity testing . 119 T

22、est report . 12Annex A (informative) Determination of water-holding capacity of soil 14Bibliography .16DIN EN ISO 14238:2014-03 EN ISO 14238:2013 (E) 23 Foreword The text of ISO 14238:2012 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the International Organisation for Standa

23、rdization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 14238:2013 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, a

24、t the latest by June 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or a

25、ll such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of

26、 Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 14238:2012 has been approved

27、by CEN as EN ISO 14238:2013 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 14238:2014-03 EN ISO 14238:2013 (E) IntroductionSoil consists of both living and non-living components which exist in a complex and heterogeneous environment. Microorganisms in the soil are mainly responsible for cycling of some nutrie

28、nts and thus play an essential role in the maintenance of soil fertility. One of the most important microbial processes in soil is the mineralization of nitrogen contained in organic forms to ammonium (ammonification) and thereafter to nitrite and nitrate (nitrification). Clearly, any long-term inte

29、rference with this process could influence soil fertility.DIN EN ISO 14238:2014-03 EN ISO 14238:2013 (E) 41 ScopeThis International Standard specifies laboratory procedures for measuring the mineralization and nitrification of nitrogen by the soil microbiota.For investigations on the evaluation of s

30、oil quality or on effects of contamination, a procedure is given to measure the rates and extent of N-mineralization in soil or soils of known or unknown quality.For investigation of the potential toxicity of chemicals to N-mineralization in soils, a simple procedure is given which allows the impact

31、 of single chemicals to be assessed and provides a basis for comparison of the toxicities of different chemicals.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated referenc

32、es, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 10381-6, Soil quality Sampling Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratoryIS

33、O 10390, Soil quality Determination of pHISO 10694, Soil quality Determination of organic and total carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis)ISO 11260, Soil quality Determination of effective cation exchange capacity and base saturation level using barium chloride solutionISO 11261, Soil qua

34、lity Determination of total nitrogen Modified Kjedahl methodISO 11274, Soil quality Determination of the water-retention characteristic Laboratory methodsISO 11277, Soil quality Determination of particle size distribution in mineral soil material Method by sieving and sedimentationISO 11465, Soil qu

35、ality Determination of dry matter and water content on mass basis Gravimetric method3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1nitrogen mineralizationN-mineralizationmicrobial degradation of an organic substance containing nitrogen, via the

36、 processes of ammonification and nitrification, to the respective inorganic endproducts, specifically ammonium and nitrate3.2ammonificationmicrobial degradation of organic nitrogen to ammoniumDIN EN ISO 14238:2014-03 EN ISO 14238:2013 (E) 53.3nitrificationmicrobial oxidation of ammonium to nitrite a

37、nd thereafter to nitrate3.4inhibitory doseIDxamount of a chemical added to soil that effectively inhibits N-mineralization by a stated percentage, after a given time, in comparison to an untreated controlEXAMPLE ID25and ID50indicate 25 % and 50 % inhibition of N-mineralization, respectively.4 Princi

38、pleThe rates or extent of N-mineralization in aerobic soils are determined by measuring the concentrations of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate released during mineralization of nitrogen contained in the soil organic matter or during mineralization of an added nitrogenous organic compound.The influence

39、 of chemicals on N-mineralization is determined by amending soil with a readily degradable source of organic nitrogen, and measuring the percentage inhibition of product formation in test portions treated with different quantities of a chemical as compared to an untreated control.5 Materials5.1 Soil

40、s5.1.1 Selection of soils5.1.1.1 Basic mineralization testFor basic tests used for comparing the N-mineralization capacities of different soils or for comparing N-mineralization in one soil collected at different times of the year, ensure that the choice of soil(s) is consistent with the purpose of

41、the determination.5.1.1.2 Toxicity testingTo determine the influence of chemicals on N-mineralization, use a soil with low content (as a mass fraction) of organic carbon (0,5 % to 1,5 %) and low content of clay.NOTE Such soil represents a worst-case situation, since adsorption is minimum and availab

42、ility of the chemical to the microbiota is maximum. For routine testing, soils with a pH(KCl) less than 5 are not satisfactory, as the rate of nitrification is likely to be too low to permit a valid assessment of the effects of the chemical on the process. Sandy loam soils and loamy sand soils are p

43、referred.5.1.2 Collection, handling and storage of soilsFor all tests, the recommendations in ISO 10381-6 for collection, handling and storage of soil shall be followed.The following information shall be documented: date of collection; date(s) used in experiments; storage conditions, including tempe

44、rature, moisture content; length of storage.DIN EN ISO 14238:2014-03 EN ISO 14238:2013 (E) 65.1.3 Characterization of soilsTo facilitate interpretation of data and for comparative purposes, the following characteristics shall be determined:a) physical properties: particle size distribution measured

45、in accordance with ISO 11277, water content in accordance with ISO 11465, water retention characteristic in accordance with ISO 11274 and/or water-holding capacity in accordance with Annex A;b) chemical properties: pH of soil in accordance with ISO 10390, cation exchange capacity in accordance with

46、ISO 11260, organic matter content in accordance with ISO 10694, total nitrogen content in accordance with ISO 11261.5.2 Reagents and materials5.2.1 Quartz sand, fine and clean, of particle size 0,05 mm to 0,2 mm.5.2.2 Potassium chloride, solution c(KCI) = 1 mol/l5.2.3 Nitrogeneous substrate, at a co

47、ncentration of nitrogen in soil of 100 mg/kg.For example: lucerne meal, with a C-to-N mass ratio of approximately 16 to 1; horn meal, with a C-to-N mass ratio of approximately 16 to 1; any other appropriate finely ground organic nitrogen source.Mineralization of nitrogen may also be measured from th

48、e organic matter of the soil. In this case, soil is not amended with an organic nitrogen source.For tests in which nitrification alone is of interest, ammonium as (NH4)2SO4 is an appropriate nitrogen source.5.3 Test substanceA test substance is only needed when the purpose of the investigation is to determine whether the substance can influence N-mineralization. Test substances shall be the purest that are commercially available. In many circumstances