1、April 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 12No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS
2、17.040.30!$ny#“1758600www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 14406Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Extraction (ISO 14406:2010)English translation of DIN EN ISO 14406:2011-04Geometrische Produktspezifikation (GPS) Erfassung (ISO 14406:2010)Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 14406:2011-04Spcification gomtriqu
3、e des produits (GPS) Extraction (ISO 14406:2010)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 14406:2011-04www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.2203.11 DIN EN ISO 14406:2011-04 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National forewor
4、d This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213 “Dimensional and geometrical product specifications and verification”, Working Group WG 16 “Areal and profile surface texture” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 290 “Dimensional and geometrical product specification a
5、nd verification” (Secretariat: AFNOR, France). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Technische Grundlagen (Fundamental Technical Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 152-03-03 AA Oberflchen. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standar
6、ds referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 14660-1 DIN EN ISO 14660-1 ISO 17450-1 DIN EN ISO 17450-11)ISO 17450-2 DIN EN ISO 17450-22) National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 14660-1, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Geometrical features Part 1: General terms and def
7、initions E DIN EN ISO 17450-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) General concepts Part 1: Model for geometrical specification and verification E DIN EN ISO 17450-2, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) General concepts Part 2: Basic tenets, specifications, operators and uncertainties 1)Dr
8、aft stage (Revision of ISO/TS 17450-1:2005). 2)Draft stage (Revision of ISO/TS 17450-2:2002). 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 14406 December 2010 ICS 17.040.01 English Version Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Extraction (ISO 14406:2010) Spcification gomtrique des p
9、roduits (GPS) Extraction (ISO 14406:2010) Geometrische Produktspezifikation (GPS) Erfassung (ISO 14406:2010) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 October 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
10、 Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (E
11、nglish, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgiu
12、m, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITT
13、EE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 14406:2010: EEN ISO 14406:2010 (E) C
14、ontents Page DIN EN ISO 14406:2011-04 Foreword .3 Introduction.4 1 Scope5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Sampling and reconstruction for extraction.9 4.1 General .9 4.2 Wavelets: exact reconstruction .9 4.3 Morphological filters: zone of possible reconstruction 9 4.3.1 General
15、.9 4.3.2 Circular disk structuring element10 4.3.3 Horizontal line structuring element.11 5 Sampling schemes11 5.1 General .11 5.2 Orthogonal grid .12 5.3 Orthogonal grid birdcage.12 5.4 Orthogonal grid polar grid .13 5.5 Specified grid.13 5.6 Stratified .14 5.7 Helix 14 5.8 Spiral.15 5.9 Spider web
16、 .15 5.10 Points method16 Annex A (informative) Concept diagram 17 Annex B (informative) Relation to the GPS matrix model.18 Bibliography20 2EN ISO 14406:2010 (E) Foreword This document (EN ISO 14406:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213 “Dimensional and geometrical product speci
17、fications and verification“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 290 “Dimensional and geometrical product specification and verification” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identi
18、cal text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held respons
19、ible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland
20、, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 14406:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO
21、 14406:2010 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 14406:2011-04 3Introduction This International Standard is a geometrical product specification (GPS) standard and is to be regarded as a general GPS standard (see ISO/TR 14638). It influences the chain links 3 and 5 of all chains of standards. For mor
22、e detailed information of the relation of this International Standard to the GPS matrix model, see Annex B. This International Standard develops the terminology and concepts for GPS extraction. It introduces the concept of sampling and reconstruction for extraction (see ISO 17450-1). EN ISO 14406:20
23、10 (E) DIN EN ISO 14406:2011-04 41 Scope This International Standard specifies the basic terminology for GPS extraction. It defines a framework for the fundamental operations used in GPS extraction and introduces the concepts of sampling and reconstruction for extraction, together with some principa
24、l sampling schemes on several basic geometries. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
25、 amendments) applies. ISO 14660-1:1999, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Geometrical features Part 1: General terms and definitions ISO/TS 16610-1:2006, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Filtration Part 1: Overview and basic concepts ISO/TS 16610-40:2006, Geometrical product specifica
26、tions (GPS) Filtration Part 40: Morphological profile filters: Basic concepts ISO 17450-1:1), Geometrical product specifications (GPS) General concepts Part 1: Model for geometrical specification and verification ISO 17450-2:2 ), Geometrical product specifications (GPS) General concepts Part 2: Basi
27、c tenets, specifications, operators and uncertainties 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14660-1, ISO/TS 16610-1, ISO/TS 16610-40, ISO 17450-1, ISO 17450-2 and the following apply. 3.1 non-ideal surface model (of a workpiece) skin model
28、(of a workpiece) model of the physical interface of the workpiece with its environment ISO 17450-1:, 3.27 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO/TS 17450-1:2005) 2) To be published. (Revision of ISO/TS 17450-2:2002) EN ISO 14406:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 14406:2011-04 53.1.1 mechanical surface boundary of t
29、he erosion, by a sphere of radius r, of the locus of the centre of an ideal tactile sphere, also with radius r, rolled over the skin model of a workpiece (3.1) NOTE 1 Erosion is a morphological operation (see ISO/TS 16610-40). NOTE 2 The mechanical surface is an essential characteristic of a skin mo
30、del of a workpiece. 3.1.2 electromagnetic surface surface obtained by the electromagnetic interaction with the skin model of a workpiece (3.1) NOTE 1 Different wavelengths give different surfaces. NOTE 2 The electromagnetic surface is an essential characteristic of a skin model of a workpiece. NOTE
31、3 Examples of electromagnetic surface include optical surfaces from coherence-scanning interferometers, optical stylus instruments and scanning confocal microscopes. 3.2 real surface of a workpiece set of features which physically exist and separate the entire workpiece from the surrounding medium I
32、SO 14660-1:1999, 2.4.1 NOTE Real surfaces of workpieces have many potential functional uses, from bearing surfaces in roller bearings to visual appearance in car body panels. At the atomic level, these different functions define different real surfaces, depending on the nature of the functional inte
33、raction with the surface. Since nanoscale measurement is becoming increasingly important economically, there is a requirement to differentiate between these different functional surfaces. The mechanical surface and the electromagnetic surface, defined below, are two commonly used functional surfaces
34、. 3.2.1 real mechanical surface boundary of the erosion, by a sphere of radius r, of the locus of the centre of an ideal tactile sphere, also with radius r, rolled over the real surface of a workpiece (3.2) NOTE 1 Erosion is a morphological operation (see ISO/TS 16610- 40). NOTE 2 The real mechanica
35、l surface is a specific type of real surface of a workpiece. 3.2.2 real electromagnetic surface surface obtained by the electromagnetic interaction with the real surface of a workpiece (3.2) NOTE 1 The locus of the effective ideal reflection point can be affected by both the topographical surface an
36、d the material properties of the workpiece. NOTE 2 Different wavelengths give different surfaces. NOTE 3 The real electromagnetic surface is a specific type of real surface of a workpiece. 3.3 integral feature surface or line on a surface NOTE An integral feature is intrinsically defined. ISO 14660-
37、1:1999, 2.1.1 EN ISO 14406:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 14406:2011-04 63.3.1 real (integral) feature integral feature (3.3) part of a real surface of a workpiece (3.2) limited by the adjacent real (integral) features ISO 14660-1:1999, 2.4.1 3.3.2 surface portion portion of a partitioned integral surface ISO/
38、TS 16610-1:2006, 3.1.1 NOTE In practice, the integral surface will be either an integral feature (3.3) or a real (integral) feature (3.3.1). 3.4 primary mathematical model set of nested mathematical representations of the surface portion (3.3.2), wherein each representation in the set can be describ
39、ed by a finite number of parameters ISO/TS 16610-1:2006, 3.2 3.4.1 nesting index NI number, or set of numbers, indicating the relative level of nesting for a particular primary mathematical model (3.4) NOTE 1 Given a particular nesting index, models with lower indices contain more surface informatio
40、n, whereas models with higher nesting indices contain less surface information. NOTE 2 By convention, as the nesting index approaches zero (or a series of all zeros), there exists a primary mathematical model that approximates the real surface of a workpiece to within any given measure of closeness.
41、 ISO/TS 16610-1:2006, 3.2.1 3.4.2 degrees of freedom primary mathematical model number of independent parameters required to fully describe a particular primary mathematical model (3.4) ISO/TS 16610-1:2006, 3.2.2 3.5 primary surface PS surface portion (3.3.2) obtained when the latter is represented
42、as a specified primary mathematical model (3.4) with specified nesting index (3.4.1) ISO/TS 16610-1:2006, 3.3 3.6 primary mapping PM( | NI) mapping indexed by the nesting index (3.4.1), used to identify a particular primary surface (3.5) with the specified nesting index, in order to represent a surf
43、ace portion (3.3.2) that satisfies the sieve and projection criteria NOTE The primary mapping is defined in terms of mathematical mappings as PS = PM(SP | NI) EN ISO 14406:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 14406:2011-04 7where PS is the primary surface; SP is the surface portion. ISO/TS 16610-1:2006, 3.4 3.7 prim
44、ary extracted surface finite set of data points sampled from the primary surface (3.5) NOTE 1 The primary extracted surface represents the basis for digital processing by means of surface filters and the calculation of characterization parameters. NOTE 2 Here, “extracted” is used only for objects co
45、ntaining a finite number of data points. Thus the primary surface is still a continuous surface and the primary extracted surface contains a finite number of data points sampled from the primary surface. 3.7.1 reconstruction method of choosing a particular primary mathematical model (3.4), of a fixe
46、d nesting index (3.4.1), that passes exactly through the primary extracted surface (3.7) NOTE 1 The concept of “exact reconstruction” is described in 4.2. NOTE 2 With many primary mathematical models, if the number of sampled points is greater than or equal to the number of degrees of freedom, there
47、 exists a sampling scheme by which the primary surface can be reconstructed without any loss of information from the primary extracted surface (this generalizes the Nyquist criterion). 3.7.2 sampling aliasing two or more primary mathematical models (3.4), of a fixed nesting index (3.4.1), passing ex
48、actly through the primary extracted surface (3.7) NOTE 1 This can cause real problems if the two or more primary mathematical models are very different from each other. NOTE 2 The aliasing is the incorrect reconstruction of a signal due to the overlap of the transfer functions of the filter in a filter bank. 3.8 extraction specification operation that results in a primary extracted surface (3.7) as an approximate representation of the skin model of a workpiece (3.1) 3.9 physical extrac
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