1、April 2013 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 10No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS
2、87.040!$D“1999333www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 15091Paints and varnishes Determination of the electrical conductivity and resistance(ISO 15091:2012);English version EN ISO 15091:2012,English translation of DIN EN ISO 15091:2013-04Beschichtungsstoffe Bestimmung der elektrischen Leitfhigkeit und des elektrisc
3、hen Widerstandes(ISO 15091:2012);Englische Fassung EN ISO 15091:2012,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 15091:2013-04Peintures et vernis Dtermination de la conductivit et de la rsistance lectriques (ISO 15091:2012);Version anglaise EN ISO 15091:2012,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 15091:2013-04Su
4、persedesDIN 55667:2009-05www.beuth.deDocument comprises 16 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.03.13DIN EN ISO 15091:2013-04 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 15091:2012) has been prepared by Technical C
5、ommittee ISO/TC 35 “Paints and varnishes”, Subcommittee SC 9 “General test methods for paints and varnishes” (Secretariat: BSI, United Kingdom) in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and varnishes” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its prepara
6、tion was the Normenausschuss Beschichtungsstoffe und Beschichtungen (Coatings and Coating Materials Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 002-00-07 AA Allgemeine Prfverfahren fr Beschichtungsstoffe und Beschichtungen. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in
7、 this document are as follows: ISO 1513 DIN EN ISO 1513 ISO 3696 DIN ISO 3696 ISO 15528 DIN EN ISO 15528 Amendments This standard differs from DIN 55667:2009-05 as follows: a) the text of EN ISO 15091 has been adopted in full; b) the text has been editorially revised and the content of Annex A has b
8、een transferred to the normative text; c) the former Annex B “Calibration” (now Annex A) has been revised and supplemented to include information on reference materials; d) Clause 9 “Precision” has been updated. Previous editions DIN 55667: 2009-05 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN
9、 ISO 1513, Paints and varnishes Examination and preparation of test samples DIN EN ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes Sampling DIN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN IS
10、O 15091 December 2012 ICS 87.040 English Version Paints and varnishes - Determination of electrical conductivity and resistance (ISO 15091:2012) Peintures et vernis - Dtermination de la conductivit et de la rsistance lectriques (ISO 15091:2012) Beschichtungsstoffe - Bestimmung der elektrischen Leitf
11、higkeit und des elektrischen Widerstandes (ISO 15091:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 November 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard with
12、out any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
13、language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, De
14、nmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITT
15、EE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 15091:2012: EContents PageForeword .
16、1 Scope 2 Normative references .3 Terms and definitions .4 General .4.1 Measurement of the resistance .4.2 Avoidance of electrolysis and polarization effects 5 Apparatus 5.1 Measuring instrument 5.2 Measuring cell 6 Sampling 7 Procedure 7.1 Test conditions .7.2 Viscosity of test sample 7.3 Number of
17、 determinations 7.4 Measurement of the electrical resistance or the electrical conductivity .8 Expression of results .9 Precision 10 Test report .Annex A (normative) Calibration Annex B (informative) Dependence of the conductivity on the measurement temperature 13Bibliography . 14EN ISO 15091:2012 (
18、E) DIN EN ISO 15091:2013-04 23444667888888999991011Foreword This document (EN ISO 15091:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35 “Paints and varnishes” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and varnishes” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European S
19、tandard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of thi
20、s document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Stan
21、dard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sp
22、ain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 15091:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 15091:2012 without any modification. EN ISO 15091:2012 (E) DIN EN ISO 15091:2013-04 3 1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method for determining the
23、electrical conductivity and the electrical resistance of coating materials. The conductivity is usually measured for water-borne paints and varnishes, including electrodeposition coating materials, and the resistance is usually measured for solvent-borne paints and varnishes. If required, the resist
24、ivity of the coating material is calculated from either of these measurements. The method is applicable to products having a conductivity less than 5 S/cm, corresponding to a resistivity greater than 200 kcm.The conductivity of coating materials influences their processibility in the presence of an
25、electric field. This is particularly important for electrodeposition paints and coating materials which are processed electrostatically.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applie
26、s. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1513, Paints and varnishes Examination and preparation of test samplesISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methodsISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw mater
27、ials for paints and varnishes Sampling3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1electrical resistanceRratio of the potential difference along a conductor and the current through the conductorNOTE Resistance is given by Ohms law:RUI= (1)whe
28、reU is the potential difference;I is the current.The unit of electrical resistance is the ohm (), given by:111ohmvoltampere=The electrical resistance depends on the material of the conductor, its dimensions (length and cross-section) and its temperature.EN ISO 15091:2012 (E) DIN EN ISO 15091:2013-04
29、 43.2resistivityresistance per unit length of a material of unit cross-sectional areaNOTE Resistivity is given by Equation (2): =RAl(2)whereA is the cross-sectional area of the conductor;l is the length of the conductor.The unit of resistivity is the ohm metre (m).3.3conductanceGreciprocal of the re
30、sistanceNOTE Conductance is given by Equation (3):GRIU=1(3)The unit of conductance is the siemens (S):1111Sohmamperevolt=3.4electrical conductivityreciprocal of the resistivityNOTE Electrical conductivity is given by Equation (4):=11RlA(4)The unit of electrical conductivity is the siemens reciprocal
31、 metre (Sm1).3.5cell constantcquotient of the length and the cross-sectional area of a conductorNOTE It is given by Equation (5):clA= (5)From Equation (2), it can be seen that it corresponds to the ratio of the resistance to the resistivity of the conductor material.For the determination of the resi
32、stivity by resistance measurement, this geometrical factor, i.e. the cell constant of the measurement assembly, will need to be known.Cell constants are given in reciprocal centimetres (cm1).EN ISO 15091:2012 (E) DIN EN ISO 15091:2013-04 5 4 General4.1 Measurement of the resistanceThe resistance may
33、 be determined by measurement of the current through a sample and the voltage acting on the sample;or comparison of the measured resistance with a reference resistance.For the current/voltage measurement, usually a constant pre-determined voltage is applied to the sample, and the current is measured
34、 with a suitable measuring instrument (e.g. a moving-coil instrument or a digital instrument). The resistance is then calculated from Equation (1). See Figures 1 to 3.Figure 1 Direct-current measurementFigure 2 Alternating-current measurement Two-electrode cellEN ISO 15091:2012 (E) DIN EN ISO 15091:
35、2013-04 6Figure 3 Alternating-current measurement Four-electrode cellTo compare the resistance of the sample with a reference resistance, a bridge circuit is used in which the resistances are balanced so that the bridge current becomes zero. The resistance of the sample is calculated from the ratio
36、of the resistances of the bridge circuit. Because the bridge current is zero, errors which can result from the existence of a load on the voltage source when the voltage/current measurement method is used are avoided. The only contributions to the overall measurement error are any uncertainty in the
37、 reference resistance and any uncertainty in the adjustable resistance. See Figure 4.RRabx=Figure 4 Wheatstone bridge4.2 Avoidance of electrolysis and polarization effectsIn order to avoid electrolysis or polarization effects which would falsify the measurement, measurements of the resistance are us
38、ually carried out using alternating current. The frequency of the voltage applied to the measuring cell should, however, be as low as possible in order to minimize the contribution made by the reactance of the measuring cell, which acts as a capacitor.EN ISO 15091:2012 (E) DIN EN ISO 15091:2013-04 7
39、 5 Apparatus5.1 Measuring instrumentUse a resistance- or conductivity-measuring instrument calibrated as described in Annex A.5.2 Measuring cellThe measuring cell consists of electrodes insulated from each other, with a known cell constant. The electrodes should preferably consist of a material that
40、 is easy to clean and inert (e.g. stainless steel, platinum, graphite, titanium) in order to make sure that the measurement will not be invalidated by changes in the electrodes. For examples of suitable electrodes, see Figure 5. It is important to ensure that the measuring cell is completely immerse
41、d in the liquid. The exact depth will depend on the type of electrode.The cell geometry shall be chosen so that the possibility of contamination by dirt is minimized.a) Measuring cell with cylinder electrodes b) Measuring cell with plate electrodesFigure 5 Examples of measuring cells6 SamplingTake a
42、 representative sample of the product to be tested, as described in ISO 15528.Examine and prepare each sample for testing, as described in ISO 1513.7 Procedure7.1 Test conditionsCarry out the test at a temperature of (25 1) C, unless otherwise agreed. The deviation from any agreed temperature shall
43、also be not more than 1 C.The dependence of the conductivity on the measurement temperature is shown in Annex B.EN ISO 15091:2012 (E) DIN EN ISO 15091:2013-04 87.2 Viscosity of test sampleThe test is usually carried out at the same viscosity as that of the product under test when it is ready for use
44、. The solvent used to adjust the viscosity, if this is necessary, shall be agreed between the interested parties.7.3 Number of determinationsMake at least three individual measurements on the product under test.7.4 Measurement of the electrical resistance or the electrical conductivityTake the requi
45、red quantity of the paint sample and immerse the electrodes in it, avoiding the formation of bubbles. If required, homogenize the material before doing this.Prior to the measurement, check the measuring cell for cleanliness and remove any particles of dirt. Connect the measuring cell to the measurin
46、g instrument. For measurements using a direct-current measuring instrument, e.g. a Wheatstone bridge, read the value after a waiting time of 10 s in order to allow the electrical potential to become constant. For measurements using an alternating-current measuring instrument, read the value after an
47、 agreed waiting time.When using continuously measuring instruments, the value shall only be read if it is constant for more than 20 s.Immediately after the test, thoroughly clean the measuring cell.8 Expression of resultsCalculate the mean of the at least three individual measurements made of the re
48、sistance or conductivity. If required, calculate the resistivity from this mean value, using Equation (2) if resistance measurements were made or Equation (4) if conductivity measurements were made. Examples of the calculation of the resistivity from the measurements are given below, using typical values.EXAMPLE 1: Calculation of the resistivity from resistance measurementsMean resistance reading, R M 1,22Mean resistance reading, R k 1 220Cell constant, c cm17,55 103Resistivity, Mcm 161,6Resistivity, Mm 1,62EXAMPLE 2: Calculation of the resistivity from co
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