DIN EN ISO 15536-1-2008 Ergonomics - Computer manikins and body templates - Part 1 General requirements (ISO 15536-1 2005) English version of DIN EN ISO 15536-1 2008-12《人类工效学 计算机模型.pdf

1、December 2008DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 12No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.180!$TVh“1495169ww

2、w.din.deDDIN EN ISO 15536-1Ergonomics Computer manikins and body templates Part 1: General requirements (ISO 15536-1:2005)English version of DIN EN ISO 15536-1:2008-12Ergonomie Computer-Manikins und Krperumrissschablonen Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen (ISO 15536-1:2005)Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO

3、 15536-1:2008-12SupersedesDIN EN ISO 15536-1:2005-08www.beuth.deDocument comprises 21 pagesDIN EN ISO 15536-1:2008-12 2 Start of validity This standard takes effect on 1 December 2008. DIN EN ISO 15536-1:2005-08 may be used in parallel until 28 December 2009. National foreword This standard includes

4、 safety requirements. This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany) in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). The res

5、ponsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Ergonomie (Ergonomics Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 023-00-03 GA Anthropometrie und Biomechanik. Amendment of the EU Machinery Directive has made it necessary to update the previous edition, EN ISO 15536-1:2005,

6、which takes into account the essential requirements of the new EU Machinery Directive, 2006/42/EC. This standard concretizes the basic requirements set out in Annex I of the EU Machinery Directive 98/37/EC (valid until 28 December 2009) and the new EU Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC which becomes app

7、licable on 29 December 2009 relating to machinery to be placed on the EEA market, with the intent of simplifying the means of proving conformity with such requirements. Once this standard is designated a harmonized standard in the Official Journal of the European Union, a manufacturer applying this

8、standard may assume compliance with the requirements of the Machinery Directive (the so-called “presumption of conformity”). DIN EN ISO 15536 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomics Computer manikins and body templates: Part 1: General requirements Part 2: Verification of

9、 functions and validation of dimensions for computer manikin systems Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN ISO 15536-1:2005-08 as follows: a) Inclusion of Annex ZB (informative) “Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC”. Previous e

10、ditions DIN EN ISO 15536-1: 2005-08 EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 15536-1September 2008ICS 13.180 Supersedes EN ISO 15536-1:2005 English VersionErgonomics - Computer manikins and body templates - Part 1:General requirements (ISO 15536-1:2005)Ergonomie - Computer-Manikins undK

11、rperumrissschablonen - Teil 1: AllgemeineAnforderungen (ISO 15536-1:2005)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 August 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national sta

12、ndard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

13、language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finl

14、and,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITE

15、E FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 15536-1:2008: EErgonomie - Mannequins informatiss et gabarits humains -Partie 1: Exigences gnrales (ISO 15536

16、-1:2005)2 DIN EN ISO 15536-1:2008-12 EN ISO 15536-1:2008 (E) Contents Page Foreword .3 Introduction.4 1 Scope6 2 Normative references6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Accuracy 7 5 Usability8 6 Documentation 9 Annex A (informative) Factors affecting the anthropometric accuracy of manikins and of the ana

17、lyses and determinations performed using them12 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC17 Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC.18

18、 Bibliography19 Foreword 3 DIN EN ISO 15536-1:2008-12 EN ISO 15536-1:2008 (E) The text of ISO 15536-1:2005 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 15536-1:2008 by Technical Committe

19、e CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest b

20、y December 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 15536-1:2005. This document has been

21、prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral part of this document. According to the CEN/C

22、ENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Lux

23、embourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 15536-1:2005 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 15536-1:2008 without any modification. Introduction The structure of safety stan

24、dards in the field of machinery is as follows. a) Type-A standards (basis standards) give basic concepts, principle for design, and general aspects that can be applied to machinery. b) Type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one or more safety aspect(s) or one or more type(s) of saf

25、eguards that can be used across a wide range of machinery: type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise); type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure-sensitive devices, guards). c) Type-C standards (mach

26、inery safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines. This part of ISO 15536 is a type-B standard as stated in ISO 12100-1. When provisions of a type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B standards, the pro

27、visions of the type-C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of the type-C standard. This part of ISO 15536 concerns requirements which are, to a great extent, independent both of the state of the

28、 art in the currently rapidly developing field of computer manikins and body templates, and of the availability of up-to-date, detailed and representative anthropometric data. The physical characteristics of the human body are one of the starting points in the design of spaces, furniture, machines a

29、nd other equipment. Computer technology is advancing rapidly and allows the construction of computer manikins to model the human body and to simulate human activities. Anthropometrically accurate manikins or body templates can be used, for example, to visualize the geometric relationship between the

30、 human body and the physical environment. Various functions of evaluation can also be integrated into the manikin and manikin system, for example, indication of reach zones, visualization of viewing fields, biomechanical calculation of required strength, and simulation of movements. Computer manikin

31、s are intended to reduce the need for real test persons and the evaluation of physical models and prototypes. However, real persons provide not only their true physical dimensions but also their differing functional and perceptual capabilities as well as their assessment of the ease of performance,

32、comfort and other properties of the design (see ISO 15537). The computer manikin permits quick, easy and early identification of possible dimensional shortcomings. Critical dimensions restricting operations, such as fitting into a confined space or reaching objects can be quickly assessed in relatio

33、n to extreme body measurements. The dimensioning would otherwise require tests with a large number of test persons. In the use of manikins, several ergonomic aspects (e.g. anthropometric, postural, visual, strength-related, dynamic) are addressed in one and the same test situation. As a universal de

34、sign tool, the manikin is particularly useful for entirely novel designs, when no recommendations on the dimensions exist and no reference situations for full-scale evaluation are available. In the design process, the use of computer modelling with a manikin facilitates information exchange and coll

35、aboration between different specialists and users. 4 DIN EN ISO 15536-1:2008-12 EN ISO 15536-1:2008 (E) When used appropriately, computer manikins accelerate the entire design process and reduce the costs of designing. The ergonomic design process is presented as a whole in EN 614-1. The use of comp

36、uter manikins does not ensure appropriate design solutions automatically, and they can even be misused. The designer may use them inappropriately, for example, by permitting awkward postures, or by providing too little space for movements. It is possible that he or she is not aware of the inherent l

37、imitations of computer manikins, either in anthropometric, postural or biomechanical respects. As the complexity of the manikin systems increases, the links to the data on these human characteristics can also become difficult or impossible to trace. The manikins and manikin systems available so far

38、vary with respect to the functions and features they afford, as well as to their accuracy and usability. At the present developmental stage, the most sophisticated manikin systems may require powerful hardware and specially trained users, and they may be unavailable to many designers. The most simpl

39、e ones may be easy to use but are of restricted value for designing. The systems may also differently emphasise such components as anthropometric accuracy, biomechanical capabilities, graphical visualisation, geometric design, simulation and animation. The choice of manikin and the associated design

40、 system is, to a great extent, a trade-off between these different features. Broad experience of the field and a high level of care are necessary when choosing and using the manikin system, and for controlling the effects of other external parameters, however sophisticated the manikin system may be.

41、 5 DIN EN ISO 15536-1:2008-12 EN ISO 15536-1:2008 (E) IMPORTANT The application of this part of ISO 15536 should be verified by practical tests with real persons. 1 Scope This part of ISO 15536 establishes the general requirements for the design and development of computer manikins, body templates a

42、nd manikin systems. It addresses their anthropometric and biomechanical properties, taking into account their usability and restrictions for structural complexity and functional versatility, and is also intended as a guide for the selection of manikins and manikin systems and for the evaluation of t

43、heir accuracy and usability for the specified use. It specifies the documentation of the characteristics of manikins and manikin systems and their intended use, for the guidance of their users. It provides means for ensuring that computer manikins and body templates for the design of work space are

44、appropriately accurate and reliable in their anthropometric and biomechanical aspects. It aims to ensure that users of manikins are able to choose an appropriate manikin system for particular design tasks and use it in an appropriate way. It sets requirements only on the static accuracy of the manik

45、in, but provides recommendations on the other factors that can influence the accuracy of the analyses and determinations performed using them. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cite

46、d applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 7250, Basic human body measurements for technological design ISO 9241-11, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 11: Guidance on usabilit

47、y ISO 12100-1, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology EN 614-1, Safety of machinery Ergonomic design principles Part 1: Terminology and general principles 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and defini

48、tions given in ISO 12100-1 and the following apply. 3.1 computer manikin two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) graphical computer representation of the human body based on anthropometric measurements, link and joint structure, and movement characteristics 6 DIN EN ISO 15536-1:2008-12 EN ISO

49、 15536-1:2008 (E) 3.2 computer manikin system computer modelling system consisting of a computer manikin, tools for controlling and manipulating the manikin (e.g. posture, anthropometric measurements), functions for mimicking human characteristics and behaviour (e.g. biomechanical, strength, movements), and means to position the manikin in relation to the computer model of the physical environment 3.3 body template physical two-dimensional, usually articulated, contour model of the human body based on anthropometric measurements 4 Accuracy 4.1 Gen