1、May 2015 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 10No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 75
2、.160.10!%Bj6“2317119www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 16995Solid biofuels Determination of the water soluble chloride, sodium and potassiumcontent (ISO 16995:2015);English version EN ISO 16995:2015,English translation of DIN EN ISO 16995:2015-05Biogene Festbrennstoffe Bestimmung des wasserlslichen Gehaltes an C
3、hlorid, Natrium und Kalium(ISO 16995:2015);Englische Fassung EN ISO 16995:2015,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 16995:2015-05Biocombustibles solides Dtermination de la teneur en chlorure, sodium et potassium solubles dans leau(ISO 16995:2015);Version anglaise EN ISO 16995:2015,Traduction anglaise
4、 de DIN EN ISO 16995:2015-05SupersedesDIN EN 15105:2011-04www.beuth.deDocument comprises 15 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.04.15DIN EN ISO 16995:2015-05 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 16995:2015)
5、 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solid biofuels” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” (Secretariat: SIS, Sweden). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the DIN-Normenausschuss Materialprfung (DIN Standards Committee Material
6、s Testing), Working Committee NA 062-05-82 AA Biogene Festbrennstoffe. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 5725-2 DIN ISO 5725-2 ISO 9964-3 DIN ISO 9964-3 ISO 10304-1 DIN EN ISO 10304-1 ISO 11885 DIN EN ISO 11885 ISO 16559 D
7、IN EN ISO 16559 ISO 16993 DIN EN ISO 16993 ISO 18134-3 E DIN EN ISO 18134-3 ISO 21748 DIN ISO 21748 Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 15105:2011-04 as follows: a) the content of DIN EN 15105:2011-04 has been largely adopted and partially revised to be in line with International Standards;
8、 b) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN CEN/TS 15105: 2005-10 DIN EN 15105: 2011-04 DIN EN ISO 16995:2015-05 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the d
9、etermination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method DIN ISO 9964-3, Water quality Determination of sodium and potassium Part 3: Determination of sodium and potassium by flame emission spectrometry DIN EN ISO 10304-1, Water quality Determination of dissolved anions by l
10、iquid chromatography of ions Part 1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate DIN EN ISO 11885, Water quality Determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) DIN EN ISO 16559, Solid biofuels Termino
11、logy, definitions and description DIN EN ISO 16993, Solid biofuels Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another E DIN EN ISO 18134-3, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample DIN ISO 21748, Guidance for the use of repe
12、atability, reproducibility and trueness estimates in measurement uncertainty estimation DIN EN ISO 16995:2015-05 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 16995 February 2015 ICS 27.190; 75.160.10 Supersedes EN 15105:2011English Version Solid biofuel
13、s - Determination of the water soluble chloride, sodium and potassium content (ISO 16995:2015) Biocombustibles solides - Dtermination de la teneur en chlorure, sodium et potassium solubles dans leau(ISO16995:2015) Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Bestimmung des wasserlslichen Gehaltes an Chlorid, Natrium u
14、nd Kalium(ISO 16995:2015)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 November 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lis
15、ts and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under
16、 the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yu
17、goslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROP
18、EN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 16995:2015 EContents PageForeword 3Introduction 41 Scope .
19、 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions . 54 Principle 65 Reagents 66 Apparatus . 67 Preparation of the test sample . 68 Procedure. 68.1 Extraction 68.2 Detection methods . 78.2.1 General 78.2.2 Methods for the determination of chloride concentration 78.2.3 Methods for the determination of
20、 sodium and potassium concentration . 78.3 Blank test . 79 Calculation 810 Performance characteristics 811 Test report . 8Annex A (informative) Performance data . 9Bibliography . 112EN ISO 16995:2015 (E) DIN EN ISO 16995:2015-05 Foreword This document (EN ISO 16995:2015) has been prepared by Technic
21、al Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solid biofuels” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest
22、 by August 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
23、patent rights. This document supersedes EN 15105:2011. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries a
24、re bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, P
25、ortugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 16995:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16995:2015 without any modification. 3EN ISO 16995:2015 (E) DIN EN ISO 16995:2015-05 IntroductionThe elements chlorine, so
26、dium and potassium are present in solid biofuels. They can contribute significantly to utilization problems such as corrosion, fouling and slagging in furnaces. Also, they affect the gaseous emissions from the thermal processes.The chlorine content in solid biofuels is mainly present as water solubl
27、e inorganic salts such as sodium and potassium chlorides or other ion-exchangeable forms. Determination of the water soluble chloride content is thus an alternative and simple method to achieve information of the level of chlorine in solid biofuels. However, the content of water soluble chloride is
28、not to be mistaken for the total content of chlorine in the fuels.In solid biofuels sodium and potassium can be present as both minerals and salts. The salts of these elements are extractable with water and are readily volatile during thermal conversion. By determination of the water soluble content
29、 of sodium and potassium, an estimate of the aggressive content of the elements in relation to potential slagging and fouling problems can be achieved. For some biofuels, such as straw, experience has shown that the water soluble content of sodium and potassium corresponds to the total content of th
30、e elements. The content of water soluble sodium and potassium is not to be mistaken for the total content of the elements.4EN ISO 16995:2015 (E) DIN EN ISO 16995:2015-05 1 ScopeThis International Standard describes a method for the determination of the water soluble chloride, sodium and potassium co
31、ntent in solid biofuels by extraction with water in a closed container and their subsequent quantification by different analytical techniques.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For
32、 dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 9964-1, Water quality Determination of sodium and potassium Part 1: Determination of sodium by atomic absorption spectrometryISO 9964-2, Wat
33、er quality Determination of sodium and potassium Part 2: Determination of potassium by atomic absorption spectrometryISO 9964-3, Water quality Determination of sodium and potassium Part 3: Determination of sodium and potassium by flame emission spectrometryISO 10304-1, Water quality Determination of
34、 dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions Part 1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfateISO 11885, Water quality Determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)ISO 16559, Solid biofuels T
35、erminology, definitions and descriptionsISO 16993, Solid biofuels Conversion of analytical results from one basis to anotherISO 18134-3, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 3: Moisture in general analysis simpleEN 14780, Solid biofuels Sample preparationStd. Meth. 4
36、500-Cl- D Standard Methods For the Examination Of Water and Wastewater, 18th Edition 1992. 4500-Cl- D. Potentiometric Method3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in ISO 16559 and the following apply.3.1water soluble chloride, sodium and potassium co
37、ntentamount of the element which can be extracted with water using the extraction procedure specified in this International Standard5EN ISO 16995:2015 (E) DIN EN ISO 16995:2015-05 4 PrincipleThe fuel sample is heated with water in a closed container at 120 C for 1 h. The concentrations of chloride,
38、sodium and potassium in the obtained water extract are determined by one of the following techniques: chloride: ion chromatography (IC) or potentiometric titration with silver nitrate;NOTE When potentiometric titration with silver nitrate is used, any contents of water soluble bromide and iodide wil
39、l be included in the determination. sodium and potassium: flame emission spectroscopy (FES) or flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) or inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).5 Reagents5.1 Water, containing negligible amounts of chloride, sodium and potassium i.e. a
40、mounts that do not contribute significantly to the determinations. Deionised water normally fulfil this requirement.6 Apparatus6.1 Heating oven or autoclave, capable of being maintained at a temperature of (120 5) C.6.2 Vessel, made of fluoropolymer with a volume of about 100 ml and provided with a
41、tight screw cap. The vessel and the cap shall be capable of withstanding at least 125 C (232 kPa). If only the water soluble content of chloride is to be determined, an equivalent low-thermal-expansion borosilicate glass vessel can be used.6.3 Balance, with a resolution of at least 1 mg.6.4 General
42、laboratory equipment, such as volumetric flasks and measuring cylinders. If sodium and potassium are to be determined, the use of equipment made of glass shall be avoided.6.5 Membrane filtering apparatus, with membrane filters of mean pore size 0,45 m.7 Preparation of the test sampleThe test sample
43、is the general analysis sample with a nominal top size of 1 mm or less, prepared in accordance with EN 14780.If the results are to be calculated other than on an “as determined” basis, the moisture content of the test sample shall be determined concurrently by the method specified in ISO 18134-3, us
44、ing another portion of the test sample.8 Procedure8.1 Extractiona) Weigh, in an empty clean vessel (see 6.2), 1,0 g of the analysis sample to the nearest 1 mg.b) Add 50,0 ml water, swirl the content and close the vessel tight.c) Leave the closed vessel in a heating oven or an autoclave at 120 C for
45、60 min.d) Take the closed vessel out of the oven or the autoclave and let it cool down to room temperature.6EN ISO 16995:2015 (E) DIN EN ISO 16995:2015-05 WARNING Do not attempt to open the vessel before it is cold.e) Transfer the content of the vessel to a 100 ml volumetric flask. Wash the inside o
46、f the vessel with small portions of water; add the washings to the volumetric flask and make it up to a volume of 100 ml with water.f) Filter a portion of the solution see 8.1 e) through a membrane filter of pore size 0,45 m, discarding the first portion of the filtrate. Alternatively the filtering
47、can be carried out using a syringe equipped with a 0,45 m pore size filter tip.NOTE If only the water soluble content of chloride is to be determined, filtering may be omitted or a coarse folded filter paper may be used instead of the membrane filter.8.2 Detection methods8.2.1 GeneralComplete the de
48、termination by measuring the concentration of the elements in the prepared solution; for chloride by using one of the methods stated in 8.2.2 and for sodium and potassium by using one of the methods stated in 8.2.3.8.2.2 Methods for the determination of chloride concentrationFor the determination of
49、 the chloride concentration one of the following methods shall be used: ion-chromatographic determination according to the principles of ISO 10304-1; potentiometric titration with silver nitrate according to methods described in Standard Method 4500-Cl- D.NOTE Equivalent national standards e.g. References 1 2 or 3 can be used.Other methods may be used provided that it can be proved that the results obtained are comparable to results obtained by determinations using one of the above sta
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