1、March 2012 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 8No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 5
2、9.140.30!$zC9“1873222www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 17186Leather Physical and mechanical tests Determination of surface coating thickness (ISO 17186:2011)English translation of DIN EN ISO 17186:2012-03Leder Physikalische und mechanische Prfungen Bestimmung der Dicke der Oberflchendeckschicht (ISO 17186:2011)
3、Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 17186:2012-03Cuir Essais physiques et mcaniques Dtermination de lpaisseur du revtement de surface (ISO 17186:2011)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 17186:2012-03SupersedesDIN EN ISO 17186:2003-10www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-lang
4、uage original shall be considered authoritative.1102.12 DIN EN ISO 17186:2012-03 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 289 “Leather” (Secretariat: UNI, Italy) in collaboration with IULTCS, the International Union of L
5、eather Technologists and Chemists Societies. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-05-51 AA Anforderungen und physika-lische Prfverfahren fr Leder und seine Ausgangsprodukte. Th
6、e DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 2418 DIN EN ISO 2418 ISO 2419 DIN EN ISO 2419 Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN ISO 17186:2003-10 as follows: a) Subclause 4.1 “Light microscope or scanning electron microscope” n
7、ow contains more detailed information; b) Subclauses 4.3, 4.4 and 5.4 have been deleted; c) NOTE 2 in Subclause 5.3 has been deleted; d) Clause 6 “Procedure” has been revised and Method B has been included. Previous editions DIN EN ISO 17186: 2003-10 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN
8、EN ISO 2418, Leather Chemical, physical and mechanical and fastness tests Sampling location DIN EN ISO 2419, Leather Physical and mechanical tests Sample preparation and conditioning EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 17186 December 2011 ICS 59.140.30 Supersedes EN ISO 17186:20
9、02English Version Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of surface coating thickness (ISO 17186:2011) Cuir - Essais physiques et mcaniques - Dtermination de lpaisseur du revtement de surface (ISO 17186:2011) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 December 2011. CEN member
10、s are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application
11、 to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Managemen
12、t Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands
13、, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any
14、 form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 17186:2011: ELeder - Physikalische und mechanische Prfungen - Bestimmung der Dicke der Oberflchendeckschicht (ISO 17186:2011) Contents EN ISO 17186:2011 (E) DIN EN ISO 17186:2012-03 2 Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Norm
15、ative references 4 3 Principle 4 4 Apparatus .4 5 Sampling and sample preparation .5 6 Procedure .5 6.1 General descriptions .5 6.1.1 Principles of measurement .5 6.1.2 Magnification and calibration .6 6.2 Method A Based on the measurement of single values on equidistant positions .6 6.2.1 Measureme
16、nt using measuring marks of a suitable computer program as analysis unit of the microscope 6 6.2.2 Measurement using a light microscope fitted with a graduated scale 7 6.3 Method B Based on a measurement using parallel lines .8 6.3.1 Measurement using measuring lines of a suitable computer program a
17、s analysis unit of the microscope 8 6.3.2 Measurement using a light microscope fitted with a graduated scale 8 6.3.3 Measurement using a microscope fitted with a means of obtaining photographs 8 7 Expression of results 9 8 Test report 9 Foreword This European Standard shall be given the status of a
18、national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
19、 rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 17186:2002. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European
20、 Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the U
21、nited Kingdom. This document (EN ISO 17186:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 289 “Leather”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI, in collaboration with IULTCS “International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies”. EN ISO 17186:2011 (E) DIN EN ISO 17186:2012-03
22、3 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for determining the thickness of the surface coating applied to leather when measured under zero compression. It is applicable to all types of leather. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the applica
23、tion of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2418, Leather Chemical, physical and mechanical and fastness tests Sampling location ISO 2419, Leather Physical a
24、nd mechanical tests Sample preparation and conditioning 3 Principle A section of leather is taken perpendicular to the coated surface. The thickness of the surface coating is measured using a microscope and expressed both as a thickness and as a percentage of the total thickness. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Lig
25、ht microscope or scanning electron microscope, which can be operated with an object-field size of 1 mm 1 mm, or lower, and is fitted with a camera-image unit connected to a computer (resolution of at least 500 500 pixels), or fitted with a photographical unit, or equipped with an eyepiece with a gra
26、duated scale (at least 100 scale marks). NOTE 100 scale marks correspond to a scaling of 10 m in the object-field dimension for an object-field size of 1 mm 1 mm. For measurement of coating thicknesses of less than 50 m, an object-field size of 0,4 mm 0,4 mm or lower has to be used. For measurement
27、of values of less than 15 m, a scanning electron microscope with a suitable object-field dimension should be used. 4.2 Razor blade. 4.3 Grid or similar calibration device, reading to at least 10 m and suitable for use in the light microscope or scanning electron microscope. 4.4 Coating unit, using s
28、putter or evaporation, including a suitable element or alloy (e.g. gold) for coating, if a scanning electron microscope is used. 4.5 Specimen stubs, suitable for a scanning electron microscope. EN ISO 17186:2011 (E) DIN EN ISO 17186:2012-03 4 5 Sampling and sample preparation 5.1 Sample in accordanc
29、e with ISO 2418. Condition in accordance with ISO 2419. 5.2 Cut three test pieces of approximately 10 mm 10 mm. If there is a requirement for more than two hides or skins to be tested in one batch, then only one test piece need be taken from each hide or skin, provided that the overall total is not
30、less than three pieces. Section each of the three test pieces as described in 5.3. 5.3 Place the cutting edge of the razor blade (4.2) on the flesh side, with the blade perpendicular to the leather surface, and press the blade through the whole thickness of the leather, ensuring that the blade remai
31、ns vertical. It is recommended that a new razor blade be used for each section. If using a scanning electron microscope, stick a section prepared as described above onto a specimen stub (4.5) with the cut surface uppermost. Coat the stub and section in the coating unit (4.4) so that a sufficient ima
32、ge quality can be obtained. 6 Procedure 6.1 General descriptions 6.1.1 Principles of measurement This International Standard describes two basic principles to measure the surface coating thickness. Method A is based on the measurement of a number of values on equidistant positions (see Figure 1). It
33、 enables the determination of a standard deviation as well as a confidence interval. Method B is based on a measurement using parallel lines (see Figure 2). A statistical evaluation of the results is not possible due to the fact that the operator has to position the graduation of the grid between pe
34、aks and troughs manually. This process already includes a calculation of the average. Method A should be preferred. Methods A and B can be used for light microscopes as well as for scanning electron microscopes. The working distance and the acceleration voltage of the scanning electron microscope sh
35、all be the same for calibration and measurement of the sample. 321Key 1 leather 2 coating 3 equidistant single measurement Figure 1 Principle of method A EN ISO 17186:2011 (E) DIN EN ISO 17186:2012-03 5 321Key 1 leather 2 coating 3 graduated scale or parallel lines Figure 2 Principle of method B 6.1
36、.2 Magnification and calibration Due to the variation in the typical thickness of surface coating (e.g. 10 m to 200 m) and the total thickness of leather (e.g. 800 m to 3 000 m), it is usually necessary to use different magnifications of the microscope. For each case, select a suitable magnification
37、, which allows a reliable measurement of the thickness. Calibrate the measurement system following the detailed instructions in 6.2 and 6.3 for each magnification used. 6.2 Method A Based on the measurement of single values on equidistant positions 6.2.1 Measurement using measuring marks of a suitab
38、le computer program as analysis unit of the microscope 6.2.1.1 Calibrate the measuring system of the microscope (4.1) using the grid (4.3). Follow the instructions in the manual for the system used. 6.2.1.2 Place one section prepared in 5.3 under the microscope. Start the measurement at a random poi
39、nt of the cross-section and adjust this point in the middle of the field of vision. According to the software of the measuring system, set the starting point of the measurement in the coating/leather boundary. 6.2.1.3 Then set the measuring point on the surface of the leather, at which the adjustmen
40、t has to be executed, perpendicular to the run of the coating boundary (see Figure 1). Note the indicated distance. 6.2.1.4 Move the sample parallel to the surface by moving the microscope table over a defined distance of one field of vision or a fix offset (i.e. 50 m to 500 m) so that a new measuri
41、ng point is located in the middle of the field of vision. The distance between two measurements shall be larger than the coating thickness. Measure the coating thickness at this point as described in 6.2.1.3. 6.2.1.5 Continue the measurement in the manner described in 6.2.1.2 to 6.2.1.4, until at le
42、ast six measurements have been carried out. 6.2.1.6 Convert all readings obtained to micrometres using the calibration described in 6.2.1.1. 6.2.1.7 Measure the total thickness using the procedure described in 6.2.1.2 to 6.2.1.6, aligning the measurement point to the flesh side of the leather. EN IS
43、O 17186:2011 (E) DIN EN ISO 17186:2012-03 6 6.2.1.8 Repeat 6.2.1.2 to 6.2.1.7 for the two remaining sections. 6.2.1.9 Calculate the arithmetic mean of all single values of thickness and total thickness. Express the coating thickness to the nearest 5 m for a coating thickness of 50 m or higher, and t
44、o the nearest 2 m for a coating thickness less than 50 m. Express the total thickness to the nearest 10 m. If required, calculate the standard deviation as follows: 2()1ittsnwhere s is the standard deviation; tiis the single value of the coating thickness; t is the mean of the coating thickness; n i
45、s the number of single measurements. 6.2.2 Measurement using a light microscope fitted with a graduated scale 6.2.2.1 Calibrate the microscope with the graduated scale (4.1) using the grid (4.3). 6.2.2.2 Place one section prepared in 5.3 under the microscope. Start the measurement at a random point
46、of the cross-section and adjust this point in the middle of the field of vision. Position the section such that the crosswire or one of the major graduations is aligned with the coating/leather boundary exactly at this point of the cross-section. Take the reading of the scale graduation correspondin
47、g to the outer surface of the coating at the measuring point. 6.2.2.3 Move the sample parallel to the surface by moving the microscope table over a defined distance on one field of vision or a fix offset (i.e. 50 m to 500 m) so that a new measuring point is located in the middle of the field of visi
48、on. The distance between two measurements shall be larger than the coating thickness. Measure the coating thickness at this point as described in 6.2.2.2. 6.2.2.4 Continue the measurement in the manner described in 6.2.2.2 and 6.2.2.3, until at least six measurements have been carried out. 6.2.2.5 Convert all the readings obtained to micrometres using the calibration described in 6.2.2.1. 6.2.2.6 Measure the total thickness using the procedure described in 6.2.2.2 to 6.2.2.5,
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