1、March 2016 English price group 9No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 75.160.10!%MD“2429933www.din.deDIN
2、EN ISO 18122Solid biofuels Determination of ash content (ISO 18122:2015);English version EN ISO 18122:2015,English translation of DIN EN ISO 18122:2016-03Biogene Festbrennstoffe Bestimmung des Aschegehaltes (ISO 18122:2015);Englische Fassung EN ISO 18122:2015,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 1812
3、2:2016-03Biocombustibles solides Mthode de dtermination de la teneur en cendres (ISO 18122:2015);Version anglaise EN ISO 18122:2015,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 18122:2016-03SupersedesDIN EN 14775:2012-11www.beuth.deDocument comprises 13 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt,
4、 the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.03.16 DIN EN ISO 18122:2016-03 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 18122:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solid biofuels” in collaboration with Technical Committee C
5、EN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” (Secretariat: SIS, Sweden). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Materialprfung (DIN Standards Committee Materials Testing), Working Committee NA 062-05-82 AA Biogene Festbrennstoffe. The DIN Standards corresponding to the Interna
6、tional Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 16559 DIN EN ISO 16559 ISO 18134-3 DIN EN ISO 18134-3 Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 14775:2012-11 as follows: a) the content of EN ISO 18122 (based on EN 14775) has been adopted in full; b) references to EN Standards ha
7、ve been replaced by references to the relevant ISO Standards and have been updated; c) in Subclause 9.2, Table 1 dealing with the repeatability and reproducibility of the method has been revised; d) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN CEN/TS 14775: 2004-11 DIN EN 14775:
8、2010-04, 2012-11 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 16559, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and description DIN EN ISO 18134-3, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE E
9、UROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 18122 November 2015 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes EN 14775:2009English Version Solid biofuels - Determination of ash content(ISO 18122:2015) Biocombustibles solides - Mthode de dtermination de la teneur en cendres (ISO 18122:2015) Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Bestimmung des Aschegehalt
10、es (ISO 18122:2015) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 September 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists an
11、d bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
12、responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugosla
13、v Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE
14、 NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 18122:2015 EEuropean foreword . 3Introduction 51 Scope . 62 Nor
15、mative references 63 Terms and definitions . 64 Principle 75 Apparatus . 75.1 Dish . 75.2 Furnace 75.3 Balance . 75.4 Desiccator and desiccant 76 Sample preparation . 86.1 Sample size . 86.2 Sample conditioning. 87 Procedure. 87.1 Conditioning of dish . 87.2 Conditioning of the general analysis samp
16、le 87.3 Ashing of test portion 87.4 Weighing . 97.5 Completion of ashing . 98 Calculation 99 Performance characteristics 99.1 Repeatability . 99.2 Reproducibility . 910 Test Report . 10Bibliography . 11Contents PageDIN EN ISO 18122:2016-03 EN ISO 18122:2015 (E)2Foreword 4European foreword This docum
17、ent (EN ISO 18122:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solid biofuels“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication o
18、f an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be hel
19、d responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14775:2009. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). According to t
20、he CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
21、Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 18122:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18122:2015 without a
22、ny modification. DIN EN ISO 18122:2016-03 EN ISO 18122:2015 (E)3 ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical co
23、mmittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with th
24、e International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for t
25、he different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO sha
26、ll not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is info
27、rmation given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see t
28、he following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels.DIN EN ISO 18122:2016-03 EN ISO 18122:2015 (E)4 IntroductionAsh content is an important parameter for fuel deliveries since ash is a by-product of combustion and ends up as
29、 bottom ash or fly-ash and needs to be removed. Depending on the jurisdiction, ash may be deposited or used for production of other products and knowing how much ash comes with a fuel may have economic consequences. In addition, the chemical composition of ash contributes to slagging and corrosion i
30、n the combustion equipment and it is therefore important to know the amount of ash contained in a fuel. Other testing standards are used for determining the chemical composition of ash.DIN EN ISO 18122:2016-03 EN ISO 18122:2015 (E)5 1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method for the deter
31、mination of ash content of all solid biofuels.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any am
32、endments) applies.ISO 16559, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptionsISO 18134-3, Solid Biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sampleEN 147781), Solid Biofuels SamplingEN 147802), Solid Biofuels Sample preparation3 Terms and de
33、finitionsFor the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16559 and the following apply.3.1nominal top sizeaperture of the sieve where at least 95 % by mass of the material passesSOURCE: ISO 165593.2laboratory samplecombined sample or a sub-sample of a combined sample for use
34、 in a laboratorySOURCE: ISO 165593.3test samplelaboratory sample after an appropriate preparation made by the laboratorySOURCE: ISO 165593.4test portionsub-sample either of a laboratory sample or a test sampleSOURCE: ISO 165591) To be replaced by ISO 18135.2) To be replaced by ISO 14780.DIN EN ISO 1
35、8122:2016-03 EN ISO 18122:2015 (E)6 3.5general analysis samplesub-sample of a laboratory sample having a nominal top size of 1 mm or less and used for a number of chemical and physical analysesSOURCE: ISO 165594 PrincipleThe ash content is determined by calculation the mass of the residue remaining
36、after the sample is heated in air under rigidly controlled conditions of time, sample weight and equipment specifications to a controlled temperature of (550 10) C.Automatic equipment (such as gravimetric analysers) may be used when the method is validated with biomass reference samples of an adequa
37、te biomass type. The automatic equipment shall fulfil all the requirements given in Clause 7 regarding sample size, heating procedure, atmosphere, temperature, and weighing accuracy.NOTE Difference in the ash content if determined at a higher temperature, 815 C, according to Reference 1 as compared
38、to 550 C, is explained by the decomposition of carbonates forming CO2, by losses of volatile inorganic compounds and further oxidation of inorganic compounds (to higher oxidation states).5 Apparatus5.1 DishA dish of inert material, such as porcelain, silica, or platinum and of such size that the tes
39、t sample loading does not exceed 0,1 g/cm2of bottom area.NOTE If the test sample loading exceeds 0,1 g/cm2of bottom area there is a risk of incomplete incineration (in the lower sample layer) or absorption of CO2in the ash layer at the top (as CaCO3) of calcium rich samples (as e.g. pure wood).5.2 F
40、urnaceThe furnace shall be capable of providing a zone of uniform heat at the temperatures required and reaching these temperatures within the specified times. The ventilation rate through the furnace shall be such that no lack of oxygen for combustion arises during the heating procedure.NOTE A vent
41、ilation rate of between five and 10 air changes per hour is sufficient.5.3 BalanceThe balance shall be capable of reading to the nearest 0,1 mg.5.4 Desiccator and desiccantA desiccator with appropriate desiccant is required to prevent absorption of moisture from the atmosphere by the test sample.WAR
42、NING Ash from solid biofuel is very hygroscopic and there is a risk that moisture bound in the desiccant can be absorbed in the sample. Therefore, the desiccant shall be controlled frequently and dried if necessary. In addition, lids shall be used to cover dishes while in the desiccator to prevent t
43、he absorption of moisture.DIN EN ISO 18122:2016-03 EN ISO 18122:2015 (E)7 6 Sample preparationA laboratory sample for the determination of ash content shall be obtained in accordance with EN 14778. From the laboratory sample a general analysis sample is prepared in accordance with EN 14780 and has a
44、 nominal particle top size of 1 mm or less.6.1 Sample sizeThe general analysis sample shall include material sufficient for determination of ash content and moisture content.6.2 Sample conditioningThe determination of ash content shall be done eithera) directly on a test portion of the general analy
45、sis sample, including a concurrent determination of the moisture content of a similar test portion in accordance with ISO 18134-3, orb) from a test portion of the general analysis sample which has been dried using the same drying procedure as in the determination of the moisture content of the test
46、portion and kept absolutely dry before the weighing for the ash content determinations (the test portion shall be kept in a closed container in a desiccator with desiccant).NOTE For some solid biofuels it may be necessary to prepare a general analysis sample to a nominal top size of less than 1 mm (
47、e.g. 0,25 mm) in order to keep the stated precision.7 Procedure7.1 Conditioning of dishHeat the empty dish in the furnace to (550 10) C for at least 60 min. Remove the dish from the furnace. Allow the dish to cool on a heat resistant plate for 5 min to 10 min and then transfer to a desiccator with d
48、esiccant and allow to cool to ambient temperature. When the dish is cool weigh to the nearest 0,1 mg and record the mass.NOTE 1 Several dishes can be handled at the same time.NOTE 2 For determination of the ash content at 815 C, see Reference 1.7.2 Conditioning of the general analysis sampleThe general analysis sample shall be mixed carefully before w
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