DIN EN ISO 18854-2015 Small craft - Reciprocating internal combustion engines exhaust emission measurement - Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions (ISO .pdf

1、August 2015Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 31No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS

2、47.080; 47.020.20!%DVE“2335134www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 18854Small craft Reciprocating internal combustion engines exhaust emissionmeasurement Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions(ISO 18854:2015);English version EN ISO 18854:2015,English translation of DIN EN ISO 18854:2015-

3、08Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge Messung der Emission von Hubkolben-Verbrennungsmotoren Prfstandsmessung der gasfrmigen Emissionen und der Partikelemissionen(ISO 18854:2015);Englische Fassung EN ISO 18854:2015,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 18854:2015-08Petits navires Mesurage des missions de gaz dchap

4、pement des moteurs alternatifs combustioninterne Mesurage des missions de gaz et de particules au banc (ISO 18854:2015);Version anglaise EN ISO 18854:2015,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 18854:2015-08www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Docum

5、ent comprises 96 pages07.15 DIN EN ISO 18854:2015-08 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 18854:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188 “Small craft” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/BT/WG 69 “Small craft” (Secretariat: SIS,

6、Sweden). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the DIN-Normenstelle Schiffs- und Meerestech-nik (DIN Standards Committee Shipbuilding and Marine Technology), Working Committee NA 132-08-01 AA Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards

7、 referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 5725-1 DIN ISO 5725-1 ISO 5725-2 DIN ISO 5725-2 ISO 8666 DIN EN ISO 8666 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 8666, Small craft Principal data DIN ISO 5725-1, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Par

8、t 1: General principles and definitions DIN ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method April 2015 ICS 47.020.20; 47.080 English Version Small craft -

9、 Reciprocating internal combustion engines exhaust emission measurement - Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions (ISO 18854:2015) Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge - Messung der Emission von Hubkolben-Verbrennungsmotoren - Prfstandsmessung der gasfrmigen Emissionen und der Partikelem

10、issionen(ISO 18854:2015)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 March 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists a

11、nd bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the

12、 responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugosl

13、av Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000

14、 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 18854:2015 EPetits navires - Mesurage des missions de gaz dchappement des moteurs alternatifs combustion interne - Mesurage des missions de gaz et de particules au

15、banc (ISO 18854:2015) NORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGEN ISO 18854EUROPEAN STANDARDContents Page Foreword . 6 Introduction . 7 1 Scope . 8 2 Normative references. 8 3 Terms and definitions 8 4 Symbols and

16、 abbreviations 10 4.1 General symbols 10 4.2 Symbols for fuel composition . 12 4.3 Symbols and abbreviations for the chemical components . 12 4.4 Abbreviations . 13 5 Test conditions . 14 5.1 Engine test conditions . 14 5.1.1 Test condition parameter 14 5.1.2 Test validity . 14 5.2 Engines with char

17、ge air cooling . 14 5.3 Power . 15 5.4 Specific test conditions . 15 5.4.1 Engine air inlet system 15 5.4.2 Engine exhaust system . 15 5.4.3 Cooling system . 15 5.4.4 Lubricating oil . 16 5.4.5 Adjustable carburettors . 16 5.4.6 Crankcase breather 16 6 Test fuels . 16 7 Application of the engine fam

18、ily concept and choice of parent engine . 16 8 Measurement equipment and data to be measured . 17 8.1 General 17 8.2 Dynamometer specification 17 8.3 Exhaust gas flow 17 8.3.1 General 17 8.3.2 Direct measurement method . 17 8.3.3 Air and fuel measurement method . 18 8.3.4 Fuel flow and carbon balanc

19、e method . 18 8.3.5 Tracer measurement method 18 8.3.6 Air flow and air-to-fuel ratio measurement method 19 8.3.7 Total dilute exhaust gas flow 20 8.4 Accuracy . 20 8.5 Determination of the gaseous components 21 8.5.1 General analyser specifications . 21 8.5.2 Gas drying . 22 8.5.3 Analysers 22 8.5.

20、4 Sampling for gaseous emissions . 24 8.6 Particulate determination 25 8.6.1 General 25 8.6.2 Particulate sampling filters . 26 8.6.3 Weighing chamber and analytical balance specifications. 27 2DIN EN ISO 18854:2015-08 EN ISO 18854:2015 (E) 9 Calibration of the analytical instruments 27 9.1 General

21、requirements 27 9.2 Calibration gases . 28 9.2.1 General 28 9.2.2 Pure gas 28 9.2.3 Calibration and span gases 28 9.2.4 Use of gas dividers 28 9.2.5 Oxygen interference gases . 29 9.3 Operating procedure for analysers and sampling system 29 9.4 Leakage test 29 9.5 Calibration procedure 29 9.5.1 Inst

22、rument assembly . 29 9.5.2 Warm-up time . 29 9.5.3 NDIR and HFID analyser 29 9.5.4 GC and HPCL 30 9.5.5 Establishment of the calibration curve 30 9.5.6 Alternative calibration methods . 30 9.5.7 Verification of the calibration 30 9.6 Calibration of tracer gas analyser for exhaust flow measurement .

23、30 9.7 Efficiency test of the NOxconverter . 31 9.7.1 General 31 9.7.2 Test setup . 31 9.7.3 Calibration . 31 9.7.4 Calculation 32 9.7.5 Adding of oxygen.25 9.7.6 Activation of the ozonator . 32 9.7.7 NOxmode 32 9.7.8 Deactivation of the ozonator . 32 9.7.9 NO mode . 32 9.7.10 Test interval 32 9.7.1

24、1 Efficiency requirement 32 9.8 Adjustment of the FID 33 9.8.1 Optimization of the detector response 33 9.8.2 Hydrocarbon response factors . 33 9.8.3 Oxygen interference check . 33 9.8.4 Efficiency of the Non-Methane Cutter (NMC) 34 9.8.5 Methanol response factor . 35 9.9 Interference effects with C

25、O, CO2, NOx, O2, NH3, and N2O analysers 35 9.9.1 General 35 9.9.2 CO analyser interference check . 36 9.9.3 NOxanalyser quench checks 36 9.9.4 O2analyser interference 37 9.9.5 Cross-interference check compensation for NH3and N2O measurement channels using IR and UV measurement techniques 38 9.10 Cal

26、ibration intervals . 41 10 Calibration of the particulate measuring system 41 10.1 General 41 10.2 Calibration procedure 41 10.2.1 Flow measurement . 41 10.2.2 Exhaust gas analysers 41 10.2.3 Carbon flow check . 41 10.3 Checking the partial-flow conditions . 41 10.4 Calibration intervals . 41 3DIN E

27、N ISO 18854:2015-08EN ISO 18854:2015 (E)11 Calibration of the CVS full-flow dilution system . 41 11.1 General 41 11.2 Calibration of the Positive Displacement Pump (PDP) 41 11.2.1 General 41 11.2.2 Data analysis 41 11.3 Calibration of the Critical-Flow Venturi (CFV) . 42 11.3.1 General 42 11.3.2 Dat

28、a analysis 42 11.4 Calibration of the Subsonic Venturi (SSV) 43 11.4.1 General 43 11.4.2 Data analysis 43 11.5 Total system verification . 44 11.5.1 General 44 11.5.2 Metering with a critical flow orifice 44 11.5.3 Metering by means of a gravimetric technique . 44 12 Test cycles (running conditions)

29、 45 12.1 Requirements . 45 12.2 Test cycles 45 12.2.1 Applications 45 12.2.2 Test modes and weighting factors . 46 12.2.3 Performing the test 47 13 Test run . 47 13.1 Preparation of the sampling filters . 47 13.2 Installation of the measuring equipment . 47 13.3 Starting the dilution system and the

30、engine . 47 13.4 Adjustment of the dilution ratio 47 13.5 Determination of test points . 48 13.6 Checking of the analysers . 48 13.7 Test cycles 48 13.7.1 Test sequence 48 13.7.2 Analyser response . 49 13.7.3 Particulate sampling 49 13.7.4 Engine conditions 49 13.8 Re-checking the analysers 49 13.9

31、Test report . 49 14 Data evaluation for gaseous and particulate emissions 49 14.1 Gaseous emissions 49 14.2 Particulate emissions 50 15 Calculation of the gaseous emissions . 50 15.1 General 50 15.2 Determination of the exhaust gas flow 51 15.3 Dry/wet correction 51 15.4 NOxcorrection for humidity a

32、nd temperature . 53 15.5 Calculation of the emission mass flow rates 54 15.5.1 Raw exhaust gas 54 15.5.2 Dilute exhaust gas 55 15.5.3 Determination of the NMHC concentration 57 15.6 Calculation of the specific emission 58 4DIN EN ISO 18854:2015-08 EN ISO 18854:2015 (E) 16 Calculation of the particul

33、ate emission . 58 16.1 Particulate correction factor for humidity . 58 16.2 Partial-flow dilution system 59 16.2.1 Isokinetic systems . 59 16.2.2 Systems with measurement of CO2or NOxconcentration 59 16.2.3 Systems with CO2measurement and carbon balance method . 59 16.2.4 Systems with flow measureme

34、nt 60 16.3 Full-flow dilution system . 60 16.4 Calculation of the particulate mass flow rate 60 16.5 Calculation of the specific emissions 61 16.6 Effective weighting factor . 61 17 Determination of the gaseous emissions 62 17.1 General 62 17.2 Main exhaust components CO, CO2, HC, NOx, O2. 62 17.3 A

35、mmonia analysis 67 17.4 Methane analysis 68 17.4.1 Gas chromatographic (GC) method (Figure 6) 68 17.4.2 Non-methane cutter (NMC) method (Figure 7) 70 17.5 Methanol analysis 71 17.6 Formaldehyde analysis . 72 18 Determination of the particulates . 74 18.1 General 74 18.2 Dilution system . 74 18.2.1 P

36、artial-flow dilution system (Figures 10 to 18) . 74 18.2.2 Full-flow dilution system . 86 18.3 Particulate sampling system . 89 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2013/53/EC 93 Bibliography 94 5DIN EN ISO 18854:2015-08EN

37、ISO 18854:2015 (E)Foreword This document (EN ISO 18854:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188 Small craft”. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2015, and con

38、flicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This doc

39、ument has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are boun

40、d to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal

41、, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 18854:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18854:2015 without any modification. 6DIN EN ISO 18854:2015-08 EN ISO 18854:2015 (E) IntroductionThis International Standard is i

42、ntended for use as a measurement procedure to determine the gaseous and particulate emission levels of reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines for marine use in small craft. Its purpose is to provide a map of an engines emissions characteristics which, through use of the proper weighting fac

43、tors, can be used as an indication of that engines emission levels under various applications. The emission results are expressed in units of grams per kilowatt-hour and represent the mass rate of emissions per unit of work accomplished.Although this International Standard is designed for marine eng

44、ines, it shares many principles with particulate and gaseous emission measurements that have been in use for many years for on-road engines. One test procedure that shares many of these principles is the process of mixing dilution air with the total exhaust flow prior to separating a fraction of the

45、 diluted exhaust stream for analysis (full-flow dilution method) as currently specified for certification of 1985 and later heavy-duty truck engines in the USA. Another is the procedure for direct measurement of the gaseous emissions in the undiluted exhaust gas, as currently specified for the certi

46、fication of heavy-duty truck engines in Japan and Europe.NOTE It is common in many full-flow dilution systems to dilute this fraction of pre-diluted exhaust a second time to obtain appropriate sample temperatures at the particulate filter (see Figure 19).Many of the procedures described in this Inte

47、rnational Standard are detailed accounts of laboratory methods, since determining an emissions value requires performing a complex set of individual measurements, rather than obtaining a single measured value. Thus, the results obtained depend as much on the process of performing the measurements as

48、 they depend on the engine and test method.7DIN EN ISO 18854:2015-08EN ISO 18854:2015 (E)1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the measurement and evaluation methods for gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines under steady-state condition

49、s on a test bed, necessary for determining one weighted value for each exhaust gas pollutant. Various combinations of engine load and speed reflect different engine applications.This International Standard is applicable to RIC marine engines intended to be installed in small craft up to 24 m length of hull.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated