DIN EN ISO 1924-2-2009 Paper and board - Determination of tensile properties - Part 2 Constant rate of elongation method (20 mm min) (ISO 1924-2 2008) English version of DIN EN ISO.pdf

1、May 2009DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 11No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 85.060!$Wea“1526662www.din

2、.deDDIN EN ISO 1924-2Paper and board Determination of tensile properties Part 2: Constant rate of elongation method (20 mm/min)(ISO 1924-2:2008)English version of DIN EN ISO 1924-2:2009-05Papier und Pappe Bestimmung von Eigenschaften bei Zugbeanspruchung Teil 2: Verfahren mit konstanter Dehngeschwin

3、digkeit (20 mm/min) (ISO 1924-2:2008)Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO 1924-2:2009-05SupersedesDIN EN ISO 1924-2:1995-04www.beuth.deDocument comprises 20 pagesDIN EN ISO 1924-2:2009-05 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6 “Paper, board and pulps” in collabor

4、ation with Technical Committee CEN/TC 172 “Pulp, paper and board” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Joint Technical Committee NA 062-04-26 GA (formerly NMP 426/NPa) Phys

5、ikalisch-technologische Prfverfahren fr Papier und Pappe. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 186 DIN EN ISO 186 ISO 187 DIN EN 20187 ISO 534 DIN EN ISO 534 ISO 536 DIN EN ISO 536 Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN

6、 ISO 1924-2:1995-04 as follows: a) Clause 3 “Terms and definitions” has been revised. b) The apparatus has been described in more detail. c) Clause 7 “Sampling and preparation of test pieces” has been rendered more precise. d) The symbols in clause 9 “Calculation and report” have been brought in lin

7、e with current ISO Standards (e.g. ISO 1924-3). e) Tables 2 and 3 relating to repeatability and reproducibility have been added. f) The standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN 53112: 1954-04 DIN 53112-1: 1971-09, 1981-10 DIN EN ISO 1924-2: 1995-04 DIN EN ISO 1924-2:2009-05 3 Nat

8、ional Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN 20187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples DIN EN ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality DIN EN ISO 534, Paper and boar

9、d Determination of thickness, density and specific volume DIN EN ISO 536, Determination of grammage of paper and board DIN EN ISO 1924-2:2009-05 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 1924-2 December 2008 ICS 85.060 Supersedes EN ISO 1924-2:1995 E

10、nglish Version Paper and board Determination of tensile properties Part 2: Constant rate of elongation method (20 mm/min) (ISO 1924-2:2008) Papier et carton Dtermination des proprits de traction Partie 2: Mthode gradient dallongement constant (20 mm/min) (ISO 1924-2:2008) Papier und Pappe Bestimmung

11、 von Eigenschaften bei Zugbeanspruchung Teil 2: Verfahren mit konstanter Dehngeschwindigkeit (20 mm/min) (ISO 1924-2:2008) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 November 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for givi

12、ng this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official ver

13、sions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium

14、, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STA

15、NDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 1924-2:2008: EDIN EN ISO 1924-2:2009-05 EN ISO

16、 1924-2:2008 (E)2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Principle 6 5 Apparatus . 7 6 Calibration and adjustment of apparatus 8 7 Sampling and preparation of test pieces 8 7.1 Sampling . 8 7.2 Conditioning 8 7.3 Preparation of test p

17、ieces . 9 8 Procedure . 9 9 Calculation and report . 10 9.1 General 10 9.2 Tensile strength 10 9.3 Tensile index . 10 9.4 Strain at break . 10 9.5 Tensile energy absorption . 11 9.6 Tensile energy absorption index 11 9.7 Modulus of elasticity 11 10 Precision 12 10.1 General 12 10.2 Repeatability . 1

18、2 10.3 Reproducibility . 12 11 Test report . 14 Annex A (normative) Calibration of the tensile testing machine 15 Bibliography 16 Foreword This document (EN ISO 1924-2:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6 “Paper, board and pulps” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 17

19、2 “Pulp, paper and board”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest b

20、y June 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 1924-2:1995. According to the CEN/CENELEC

21、 Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembour

22、g, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 1924-2:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 1924-2:2008 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 1924-2:2009-05 EN ISO 1924-2:2008 (E)

23、3Introduction The method for determination of tensile properties specified in this part of ISO 1924 is the one most commonly used. It is related to the method specified in ISO 1924-3. In this part of ISO 1924 (ISO 1924-2), the constant rate of elongation applied is 20 mm/min, whereas in ISO 1924-3,

24、the constant rate of elongation applied is 100 mm/min. Since the results of a tensile test depend on the rate of elongation applied, this part of ISO 1924 and ISO 1924-3 will not give the same results. The rate dependence can vary according to paper grade and is different for tensile strength, strai

25、n at break, tensile energy absorption and modulus of elasticity. NOTE 1 In most cases, the tensile properties can increase by 5 % to 15 % when the rate of elongation is increased from 20 mm/min (180 mm test span length) to 100 mm/min (100 mm test span length). NOTE 2 In this part of ISO 1924, the sa

26、me terminology and symbols are used as in ISO 1924-3 and in general literature concerning materials physics and mechanics. DIN EN ISO 1924-2:2009-05 EN ISO 1924-2:2008 (E)41 Scope This part of ISO 1924 specifies a method for measuring the tensile strength, strain at break and tensile energy absorpti

27、on of paper and board, using a testing machine operating at a constant rate of elongation (20 mm/min). This part of ISO 1924 also specifies equations for calculating the tensile index, the tensile energy absorption index and the modulus of elasticity. Testing in conformance with this part of ISO 192

28、4 always includes the measurement of tensile strength. Measurement or calculation of other properties is subject to agreement between the parties concerned. This part of ISO 1924 is applicable to all papers and boards, including papers with a high strain at break if the results are within the capaci

29、ty of the testing machine. It also applies to the components of corrugated board but not, however, to corrugated board itself. This part of ISO 1924 is not applicable to tissue paper and tissue products for which ISO 12625-42is applicable. For the determination of tensile properties of laboratory sh

30、eets, ISO 52703is recommended. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) appl

31、ies. ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples ISO 534, Paper and board Determination of thickness, density and specific volum

32、e ISO 536, Paper and board Determination of grammage DIN EN ISO 1924-2:2009-05 EN ISO 1924-2:2008 (E) 53 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 tensile strength maximum tensile force per unit width that paper and board will withstand b

33、efore breaking under the conditions defined in this International Standard 3.2 tensile index tensile strength divided by the grammage 3.3 elongation increase in length of a test piece NOTE Elongation is expressed in millimetres. 3.4 strain ratio of the elongation of a test piece to the initial test

34、length NOTE 1 Strain is expressed as a percentage of the initial test length. NOTE 2 The initial test length of the test piece is the same as the initial span between the clamping lines. 3.5 strain at break ratio of the measured elongation at the moment of rupture of a test piece of paper, when exte

35、nded under the conditions defined in the standard method of test, to the initial test length 3.6 tensile energy absorption amount of energy per unit surface area of a test piece when it is strained to the maximum tensile force NOTE Surface area is calculated as test length multiplied by width. 3.7 t

36、ensile energy absorption index tensile energy absorption divided by the grammage 3.8 modulus of elasticity maximum slope of the force-elongation curve multiplied by the initial length divided by the width and the thickness of the test piece NOTE See also Figure 2. 4 Principle A test piece of given d

37、imensions is strained to break at a constant rate of elongation using a testing machine that records both the tensile force and, if required, the elongation. If the tensile force and elongation are continuously recorded, the strain at break, the tensile energy absorption and the modulus of elasticit

38、y may be determined. From the recorded data, and the knowledge of the grammage of the sample, the tensile index and the tensile energy absorption index may be calculated. DIN EN ISO 1924-2:2009-05 EN ISO 1924-2:2008 (E)65 Apparatus 5.1 Tensile testing machine, designed to extend a test piece of give

39、n dimensions at an appropriate constant rate of elongation (20 mm/min), and to measure the tensile force and, if required, the elongation produced. The tensile testing machine includes means of measuring and indicating the tensile force to an accuracy of 1 % of the true force and, if required, the e

40、longation to an accuracy of 0,1 % elongation. The tensile force may be recorded as a function of the elongation on an electronic integrator or an equivalent device. NOTE 1 The accuracy of measurement of elongation is very important. An appropriate extensometer, placed directly on the test piece, is

41、recommended for accurate measurement of true elongation (see ISO 9513, class 1 or class 0,5). This is to avoid the possibility of including in the measurement any apparent elongation which can result from undetected slippage of the test piece in the clamps or from the take-up in the joints of the ap

42、paratus. The latter is dependent upon the load applied and the error can increase due to wear of the joints of an apparatus which has been in use for some time. It is advisable that means be applied to limit additional loads, which an extensometer would apply to the test piece, to the required accur

43、acy of the tensile force. The tensile testing machine also includes two clamps, for holding a test piece of the required width (see 7.3). Each clamp shall be designed to grip the test piece firmly, but without damage or slippage, along a straight line across the full width of the test piece and have

44、 a means of adjusting the clamping force. The clamping surfaces of the clamps shall be in the same plane and so aligned that they hold the test piece in that plane throughout the test. NOTE 2 It is advisable that the clamps grip the test piece between a cylindrical and a flat surface, or between two

45、 cylindrical surfaces, with the plane of the test piece tangential to the cylindrical surface. Other types of clamps can be used provided no slippage of, or damage to, the test piece occurs during test. When the test piece is clamped, the clamping lines shall be parallel to each other within a maxim

46、um angle of 1 (see Figure 1). In addition, the clamping lines shall remain perpendicular to the direction of the applied tensile force, and to the long dimension of the test piece, to within a maximum of 1, while under load (see Figure 1). The distances between the clamping lines shall be adjustable

47、 to the test length required to within 1 mm. aClamping lines parallel to each other within a maximum angle of 1. bCentreline of test piece perpendicular to clamping lines to within a maximum angle of 1. cTensile force parallel to the test piece centreline to within a maximum angle of 1. Figure 1 Rel

48、ationship between the clamping lines and the test piece DIN EN ISO 1924-2:2009-05 EN ISO 1924-2:2008 (E) 75.2 Device for cutting test pieces, to the dimensions required (see 7.3). 5.3 Means of measuring the work done, (e.g. an integrator) with an accuracy of 1 %. Such devices should be programmable

49、to take account of different initial test lengths. This apparatus is required if tensile energy absorption is to be determined. 5.4 Means of plotting the force-elongation curve and measuring the maximum slope of the curve, required only if the modulus of elasticity is to be determined. 6 Calibration and adjustment of apparatus Set up the apparatus as recommended by the manufacturer. If required, calibrate the force-measuring component of the apparatus and the elongation-measuring mechanism as indicated in Annex A