1、February 2012 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 9No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).IC
2、S 85.080.30!$ya#“1866200www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 3035Corrugated fibreboard Determination of flat crush resistance (ISO 3035:2011)English translation of DIN EN ISO 3035:2012-02Wellpappe Bestimmung des Flachstauchwiderstandes (ISO 3035:2011)Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 3035:2012-02Carton ondul Dte
3、rmination de la rsistance la compression plat (ISO 3035:2011)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 3035:2012-02SupersedesDIN EN 23035:1994-09www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.1402.12 DIN EN ISO 3035:2012-02 2 A comma is u
4、sed as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6 “Paper, board and pulps” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 172 “Pulp, paper and board” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was
5、the Normenausschuss Papier, Pappe und Faserstoff (Paper, Board and Pulps Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 074-02-03 AA Physikalisch-technische Prfverfahren fr Papier und Pappe. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in Clause 2 of this document are as fo
6、llows: ISO 186 DIN EN ISO 186 ISO 187 DIN EN 20187 Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 23035:1994-09 as follows: a) the description and calibration of the testing machine has been brought in line with ISO 13820 “Paper, board and corrugated fibreboard Description and calibration of compressi
7、on-testing equipment”; b) relevant terms have been defined; c) a precision statement has been added; d) the standard has been editorially revised and updated. Previous editions DIN 53144: 1967-02, 1968-08, 1974-02, 1977-04 DIN ISO 3035: 1988-06 DIN EN 23035: 1994-09 National Annex NA (informative) B
8、ibliography DIN EN 20187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples DIN EN ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 303
9、5 November 2011 ICS 85.060 Supersedes EN 23035:1994English Version Corrugated fibreboard - Determination of flat crush resistance (ISO 3035:2011) Carton ondul - Dtermination de la rsistance la compression plat (ISO 3035:2011) Wellpappe - Bestimmung des Flachstauchwiderstandes (ISO 3035:2011) This Eu
10、ropean Standard was approved by CEN on 31 October 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
11、 concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN memb
12、er into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
13、 Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Mar
14、nix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 3035:2011: EContents DIN EN ISO 3035:2012-02 EN ISO 3035:2011 (E) 2 Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and def
15、initions .5 4 Principle 5 5 Apparatus .6 6 Sampling .6 7 Conditioning .6 8 Preparation of test pieces .6 9 Procedure .6 10 Expression of results 8 11 Test report 8 Annex A (informative) Precision . 10 Bibliography . 12 Foreword This document (EN ISO 3035:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committe
16、e ISO/TC 6 Paper, board and pulps” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 172 “Pulp, paper and board” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the lates
17、t by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such paten
18、t rights. This document supersedes EN 23035:1994. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
19、France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 3035:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 30
20、35:2011 without any modification. “ DIN EN ISO 3035:2012-02 EN ISO 3035:2011 (E) 3 IntroductionFibreboard shipping containers can be subjected to compressive forces in the thickness direction as part of the manufacturing process, as well as during shipment or storage. These forces can compress the f
21、lute structure and reduce the structural integrity (stacking strength) of the corrugated material. Resistance to this type of crushing is an important measure of the performance characteristics of the container.DIN EN ISO 3035:2012-02 EN ISO 3035:2011 (E) 4 1 ScopeThis International Standard specifi
22、es a method for the determination of the flat crush resistance of corrugated fibreboard used in the manufacture of shipping containers.This International Standard is applicable to single-faced and single-wall (double-faced) corrugated fibreboard.This International Standard is not applicable to doubl
23、e-wall (double-double-faced) corrugated fibreboard and to microflute corrugated fibreboard, since the end-point of the test is not clearly defined or observable.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only
24、 the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average qualityISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monito
25、ring the atmosphere and conditioning of samplesISO 13820, Paper, board and corrugated fibreboard Description and calibration of compression-testing equipment3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1flat crushmaximum crushing force, applie
26、d perpendicular to the surface of the fluting structure, sustained before complete collapse of the structure3.2collapsepoint where the sidewalls of the flutes are no longer able to support load because they have suffered compression damageNOTE At this point, the fluting profile appears similar to th
27、at of a mushroom (see Figure 2).3.3flat crush resistanceflat crush divided by the area of the test piece under the condition of testNOTE The flat crush resistance is expressed in kilopascals.4 PrincipleA test piece of corrugated fibreboard is subjected to an increasing force applied perpendicularly
28、to the surface by a compression tester having two flat and parallel platens, until the fluting collapses.The maximum force sustained by the test piece is divided by the test piece area.DIN EN ISO 3035:2012-02 EN ISO 3035:2011 (E) 5 5 Apparatus5.1 Flat crush tester, a motor-driven, platen-type compre
29、ssion testing machine in accordance with ISO 13820, and also calibrated in accordance with ISO 13820.NOTE The results can be significantly lower when a beam-deflection compression tester is used in comparison with testing using a platen-type compression tester, particularly in the case where flutes
30、might lean due to lateral movement. In fixed platen equipment, the platens are restrained against horizontal movement with the sample faces, leading to possible differences in the failure dynamics picked up by the crush tester.5.2 Cutting instrument, with a circularly guided knife to cut test pieces
31、 with the cut edges clean and perpendicular to the facings of the corrugated fibreboard. Commonly used test piece areas include 5 000 mm2(79,8 mm 0,5 mm in diameter), 6 450 mm2(90,6 mm 0,5 mm in diameter) and 10 000 mm2(112,8 mm 0,5 mm in diameter). When the flat crush resistance is expected to exce
32、ed the capacity of the crush tester on a 5 000 mm2sample, a smaller test piece area (commonly 3 220 mm2, 64,0 mm 0,5 mm in diameter) may be used.Test pieces of other uniform shapes may be used, as long as the test area specifications are complied with, crushing of the edges is avoided when the sampl
33、es are cut, and fractional flute counts are avoided.6 SamplingSampling shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 186. If the test specimens are to be taken from corrugated shipping containers, they should be taken from areas away from score lines, joints and closures, but may include printed areas
34、 that reflect the overall state of the samples.If the tests are made on another type of sample, make sure that the test specimens taken are representative of the sample received.7 ConditioningThe sample shall be conditioned in accordance with ISO 187.8 Preparation of test piecesUsing the cutting ins
35、trument (5.2), in the same standard atmosphere as that used for conditioning the sample, cut a sufficient number of test pieces to enable at least ten valid tests to be made.9 ProcedureCarry out the tests in the same standard atmosphere as used for conditioning the sample. Test at least ten test pie
36、ces.Place a test piece (see Figure 1) centrally on the lower platen and operate the flat crush tester (5.1) until the fluting collapses (see Figure 2). The rate at which the platens approach each other shall be 12,5 mm/min 0,25 mm/min. Record the maximum force sustained by the test piece before coll
37、apse of the fluting, to the nearest 10 N.In the event of the flutes leaning sideways during the test (see Figure 3), ignore this test result, and make further tests on fresh test pieces as needed to obtain ten valid tests.DIN EN ISO 3035:2012-02 EN ISO 3035:2011 (E) 6 Figure 1 Test piece before bein
38、g subjected to pressureFigure 2 Test piece after crushingDIN EN ISO 3035:2012-02 EN ISO 3035:2011 (E) 7 Figure 3 Flute beginning to lean, for example as a result of sideways movement of the test piece or platensFlutes may lean sideways because of relative sideways movement of the platens, because of
39、 damage to test pieces, especially during cutting, or because of an inherent fault in the corrugated fibreboard. Check the first two by testing further test pieces with the direction of the flutes in the flat crush tester at right angle to the original direction and ensuring that great care is taken
40、 in cutting. If the test pieces still fail with leaning flutes, it is probable that the corrugated fibreboard is at fault. Test a sufficient number of test pieces so that at least ten valid test results (without leaning flutes) are obtained. If all samples fail with leaning flutes, the average of te
41、n test results shall be reported with a comment in the test report that the samples failed via leaning flutes.Normally, a preliminary end-point occurs when the tips of the corrugation flatten on one or both sides of the test piece. This should not be confused with the final end-point when the corrug
42、ations collapse completely.10 Expression of resultsCalculate the mean and standard deviation of the crushing force from the valid test results. Calculate the flat crush resistance, X, in kilopascals, using the Equation:XFA=106(1)whereF is the mean maximum crushing force, in kilonewtons;A is the area
43、 of the test piece, in square millimetres.Report the mean flat crush resistance to the nearest kilopascal. Calculate and report the standard deviation of the flat crush resistance to the nearest kilopascal.11 Test reportThe test report shall include the following information:a) a reference to this I
44、nternational Standard (ISO 3035:2011);b) the date and place of testing;c) a description and identification of the product tested, including the nominal flute structure;DIN EN ISO 3035:2012-02 EN ISO 3035:2011 (E) 8 d) the area of the test piece;e) the type of flat crush tester used and the rate of l
45、oading (in accordance with ISO 13820);f) the conditioning atmosphere used;g) the flat crush resistance and the standard deviation, as stated in Clause 10;h) the number of test pieces rejected because of leaning flutes (record also the test results where this number exceeds two; see Clause 9);i) any
46、other information that may assist in the interpretation of the test results.DIN EN ISO 3035:2012-02 EN ISO 3035:2011 (E) 9 Annex A (informative) PrecisionA.1 GeneralPrecision data is available from several different international sources, for testing performed using a motor- driven platen crush test
47、er as described in 5.1. Industry studies (TAPPI-CTS) have found that the precision depends on the type of equipment used.The calculations were made according to ISO/TR 244981and TAPPI Test method T 1200 sp-072.The repeatability standard deviation reported in Tables A.1 and A.3 is the “pooled” repeat
48、ability standard deviation, that is the standard deviation is calculated as the root-mean-square of the standard deviations of the participating laboratories. This differs from the conventional definition of repeatability in ISO 5725-13.The repeatability and reproducibility limits reported are estimates of the maximum difference which should be expected in 19 of 20 instances when comparing two test results for material similar to those described under similar test conditions. These estimates may not be valid
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