DIN EN ISO 4499-3-2016 Hardmetals - Metallographic determination of microstructure - Part 3 Measurement of microstructural features in Ti (C N) and WC cubic carbide based hardmetal.pdf

1、October 2016 English price group 16No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 77.040.99; 77.160!%nA“2577530www

2、.din.deDIN EN ISO 4499-3Hardmetals Metallographic determination of microstructure Part 3: Measurement of microstructural features in Ti (C, N) and WC/cubic carbide based hardmetals (ISO 44993:2016);English version EN ISO 44993:2016,English translation of DIN EN ISO 4499-3:2016-10Hartmetalle Metallog

3、raphische Bestimmung der Mikrostruktur Teil 3: Messung von mikrostrukturellen Merkmalen in Hartmetallen auf Basis von Ti (C, N) und WC/kubischem Carbid (ISO 44993:2016);Englische Fassung EN ISO 44993:2016,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 4499-3:2016-10Mtauxdurs Dtermination mtallographique de la

4、microstructure Partie 3: Mesure des caractristiques des microstructures des mtauxdurs base de carburesTi (C, N) et WC/cubiques (ISO 44993:2016);Version anglaise EN ISO 44993:2016,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 4499-3:2016-10www.beuth.deDocument comprises 32 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst

5、.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.09.16 DIN EN ISO 4499-3:2016-102 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 4499-3:2016) has been prepared by the Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 “Powder metallurgy”, Subcommittee SC

6、4 “Sampling and testing methods for hardmetals”. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Werkstofftechnologie (DIN Standards Committee Technology of Materials), Working Committee NA 145-01-04 AA Probenahme und Prfverfahren fr Hartmetalle. The DIN Standards cor

7、responding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 4499-1 DIN EN ISO 4499-1 ISO 4499-2 DIN EN ISO 4499-2 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 4499-1, Hardmetals Metallographic determination of microstructure Part 1: Photomicrographs and desc

8、ription DIN EN ISO 4499-2, Hardmetals Metallographic determination of microstructure Part 2: Measurement of WC grain size EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 4499-3 March 2016 ICS 77.040.99; 77.160 English Version Hardmetals - Metallographic determination of microstructure - Par

9、t 3: Measurement of microstructural features in Ti (C, N) and WC/cubic carbide based hardmetals (ISO 4499-3:2016) Mtaux-durs - Dtermination mtallographique de la microstructure - Partie 3: Mesure des caractristiques des microstructures des mtaux-durs base de carbures Ti (C, N) et WC/cubiques (ISO 44

10、99-3:2016)Hartmetalle - Metallographische Bestimmung der Mikrostruktur - Teil 3: Messung von mikrostrukturellen Merkmalen in Hartmetallen auf Basis von Ti (C, N) und WC/kubischem Carbid(ISO 4499-3:2016) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 February 2016. CEN members are bound to comply wi

11、th the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Mana

12、gement Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same st

13、atus as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mal

14、ta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN

15、 All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 4499-3:2016 EForeword 4Introduction 51 Scope .62 Normative references 63 Terms and definitions .64 Symbols and units .75 Principle 86 Apparatus .87 Calibration 98 Preparation of test

16、 samples 98.1 Metallographic preparation .98.2 Ti(C, N) based hardmetals cermets.98.3 WC/Cubic carbide based hardmetals .139 Procedure for characterisation of structures259.1 Sampling of images of structure .259.1.1 General.259.1.2 Representative selection 259.1.3 Determination of homogeneity of har

17、d phase sizes .259.1.4 Inhomogeneous materials 269.2 Phase size measurement .269.2.1 General.269.2.2 Phase measurement by intercepts 2610 Uncertainty of measurement 2811 Test report 28Bibliography .30Contents PageEN ISO 4499-3:2016 (E) DIN EN ISO 4499-3:2016-102European foreword .3European foreword

18、This document (EN ISO 4499-3:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 “Powder metallurgy“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2016, and conflicting national

19、 standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CE

20、NELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,

21、Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 4499-3:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4499-3:2016 without any modi

22、fication. EN ISO 4499-3:2016 (E) DIN EN ISO 4499-3:2016-103 ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committ

23、ees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Int

24、ernational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the di

25、fferent types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO sh

26、all not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document

27、is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT

28、) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 119, Powder metallurgy, Subcommittee SC 4, Sampling and testing methods for hardmetals.ISO 4499 consists of the following parts, under the general title Hardmetals Metallographic deter

29、mination of microstructure: Part 1: Photomicrographs and description Part 2: Measurement of WC grain size Part 3: Measurement of microstructural features in Ti(C,N) and WC/cubic carbide based hardmetals Part 4: Characterisation of porosity, carbon defects and eta-phase contentEN ISO 4499-3:2016 (E)

30、DIN EN ISO 4499-3:2016-104 IntroductionThis part of ISO 4499 essentially covers the following topics: materials types and phases to be measured including the following: Ti(C, N) cermets; WC/Cubic carbide hardmetals; preparation methods to highlight differences between conventional WC/Co hardmetals a

31、nd materials containing cubic phases; linear analysis techniques to acquire sufficient statistically meaningful data for phase quantification; analysis method to calculate representative average values; reporting to comply with modern quality requirements.EN ISO 4499-3:2016 (E) DIN EN ISO 4499-3:201

32、6-105 1 ScopeThis part of ISO 4499 gives guidelines for the measurement of microstructural features in Ti(C,N) based hardmetals and WC/Co hardmetals that contain additional cubic carbides by metallographic techniques only using optical or electron microscopy. It is intended for sintered hardmetals (

33、also called cemented carbides or cermets) containing primarily inorganic carbides and nitrides as the hard phase. It is also intended for measuring the phase size and distribution by the linear intercept technique.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively re

34、ferenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 44991:2008, Hardmetals Metallographic determination of microstructur

35、e Part 1: Photomicrographs and descriptionISO 44992:2008, Hardmetals Metallographic determination of microstructure Part 2: Measurement of WC grain size3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1nanowith carbonitride or cubic carbide phase

36、size 6,0 m, respectivelyNote 1 to entry: Measured by the mean-linear-intercept method described in ISO 4499-2.3.8Ti(C, N) cermetsTiCN-based cermet contains 3 to 30 weight % of a binder phase mainly composed of Co and/or Ni, but may also include MoNote 1 to entry: The balance being substantially a ha

37、rd phase and a few minor impurities.Note 2 to entry: The hard phase is mainly composed of titanium carbide, nitride and/or carbonitride, but may also include carbonitrides of (Ti,Ta), (Ti,W) or (Ti,Ta, W). Note 3 to entry: These materials typically contain hard phases that can have grains with a cor

38、e/rim structure.3.9WC/Cubic carbide hardmetalshexagonal WC-based hardmetals containing substantial amounts of a carbide having a cubic lattice, such as, for example TiC or TaC, and which can contain W in solid solutionNote 1 to entry: These materials typically contain hard phases that may have grain

39、s with a core/rim structure.Note 2 to entry: See Table 1.3.10phase regionsingle constituent of the hardmetal like WC, cubic carbide or binder4 Symbols and unitsA area, in square millimetres (mm2) ECD Equivalent Circle Diameter of a specified phase, in micrometres (m)L total line length in a specifie

40、d phase, in millimetres (mm)limeasured length of individual intercepts in a specified phase, in micrometres (m)lisum of the measured length of each individual interceptEN ISO 4499-3:2016 (E) DIN EN ISO 4499-3:2016-107 lxarithmetic mean linear intercept in phase x, in micrometres (m)N number of grain

41、 boundaries traversed in or between specified phasesn number of WC, carbonitride or cubic carbide grains interceptedm magnificationmmaxmaximum magnificationmminminimum magnification5 PrincipleThis part of ISO 4499 addresses the issue of good practice for the measurement of a mean value for the hard

42、phase and binder phase size in hardmetals other than straight WC/Co. It recommends the use of a linear intercept technique for obtaining data on feature sizes. The measurements are to be made using good practice for the preparation of suitable microstructures for examination outlined in ISO 4499-1.M

43、ethods of metallographic preparation and etching techniques are as important as the phase size measurement method (see also ASTM B 657, ASTM B 665, Reference 1 and Reference 2). Basic methods are described in ISO 4499-1. Further relevant information is given in Clause 8. The principal types of hardm

44、etal considered are those that contain cubic carbides as well as WC and those that are based on TiC or Ti(C,N).345A cubic carbide phase is defined as a carbide having a cubic lattice, such as, for example, TiC or TaC, and which usually also contains W in solid solution after sintering. These materia

45、ls typically contain hard phases that have grains with a core/rim structure. Guidelines to measure these internal details are included in ISO 44992:2008, Annex A.The most direct way to measure the phase size is to polish and etch a cross-section of the microstructure and then to use quantitative met

46、allographic techniques to measure a mean value for the feature size, either by area counting or by linear intercept techniques.The following are three ways by which the mean size by number of the various phases can be defined: by length (of a line across a 2D section of a phase); by area (of 2D sect

47、ions of phase regions); by volume (of individual phase regions).A number average is obtained by counting each measurement of the parameter of interest (length, area or volume) and dividing the total value of the parameter (length, area or volume) by the number of this parameter counted.The values fo

48、r phase size most used to date have been based on a length parameter. This can be obtained in the following several ways, for example: by parallel lines or circles as described in ASTM E112; by linear intercept, called the Heyn method, from a straight line drawn across the structure; by equivalent circle diameter (see ISO 4499-2), this is obtained by measuring hard phase grain areas and then takin