1、April 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 8No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 2
2、5.220.50!$nwp“1758477www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 4534Vitreous and porcelain enamels Determination of fluidity behaviour Fusion flow test (ISO 4534:2010)English translation of DIN EN ISO 4534:2011-04Emails und Emaillierungen Prfung des Flieverhaltens Ablaufversuch (ISO 4534:2010)Englische bersetzung von DI
3、N EN ISO 4534:2011-04maux vitrifis Dtermination du comportement de fluidit Essai dcoulement (ISO 4534:2010)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 4534:2011-04SupersedesDIN ISO 4534:1985-03www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.
4、1204.11 DIN EN ISO 4534:2011-04 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107 “Metallic and other inorganic coatings” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 262 “Metallic and other inorganic coatings” (Secretariat
5、: BSI, United Kingdom). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-01-63 AA Prfung von Emails und Emaillierungen. Amendments This standard differs from DIN ISO 4534:1985-03 as follow
6、s: a) the internal diameter of the press has been changed to 8 mm to 10 mm (instead of 8 mm); b) the tilting angle of the flow plate has been changed to between 30 and 90 (instead of 45); c) the mass of enamel for the preparation of the test specimen has been increased to 1 g to 2 g (previously 1 g)
7、; d) the number of flow tests is no longer specified; e) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN 51161: 1968-09 DIN ISO 4534: 1985-03 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 4534 December 2010 ICS 25.220.50 English Version Vitreous and porcelain enamels De
8、termination of fluidity behaviour Fusion flow test (ISO 4534:2010) maux vitrifis Dtermination du comportement de fluidit Essai dcoulement (ISO 4534:2010) Emails und Emaillierungen Prfung des Flieverhaltens Ablaufversuch (ISO 4534:2010) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 December 2010.
9、CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on ap
10、plication to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
11、Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Ne
12、therlands, Norway, Poland,Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitatio
13、n in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 4534:2010: EEN ISO 4534:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 4534:2011-04 2Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope .5 2 Principle.5 3 Material and apparatus 5 4 Test specimens.7 4.1 Preparation of enamel7 4.2 Preparat
14、ion of test specimens 7 4.3 Number of tests 7 5 Procedure7 6 Calculation and expression of results .8 7 Test report.9 Annex A (informative) Additional information10 Foreword This document (EN ISO 14921:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 240 “Thermal spraying and thermally sprayed
15、coatings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 107 “Metallic and other inorganic coatings”. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by Ju
16、ne 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rig
17、hts. This document supersedes EN ISO 14921:2001. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, F
18、rance, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN ISO 4534:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 4534:2011-04 3Introduction The fusion flow test speci
19、fied in this International Standard is a comparative method which can be carried out with simplified equipment to provide data on the fluidity behaviour of molten enamel. The results from this test allow conclusions on the flow properties of the enamel to be inferred in a much simpler manner than is
20、 possible from the results of the much more expensive measurements made using the usual viscosity- measuring instruments. The results of extensive tests1)have shown that there is a well-defined relationship between the results of the flow test and the viscosity-temperature curve, so that the flow te
21、st could also be used as an absolute method. However, more effort would be required to enable the various laboratories to obtain comparable results of similar quality than when using the method for comparative purposes. When using this method, the reference (comparison) enamel must be similar to the
22、 enamel to be tested, as the fluidity behaviour of the various types of enamel might vary considerably from one type to another. 1) Dekker, P. Calculation of viscosity-temperature curves for porcelain enamels from the flow-button test. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 48 (1965), 6, pp. 319 t
23、o 327. EN ISO 4534:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 4534:2011-04 4WARNING This International Standard calls for the use of substances and/or procedures that may be injurious to health if adequate safety measures are not taken. This International Standard does not address any health hazards, safety or environment
24、al matters associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this International Standard to establish appropriate health, safety and environmentally acceptable practices and take suitable actions for any national and international regulations. Compliance with this International Standa
25、rd does not in itself confer immunity from legal obligations. 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a comparative method of determining the fluidity behaviour of vitreous and porcelain enamels in the viscous condition during firing. It is not intended for use as an absolute method. 2 Princip
26、le The test samples are dried or wet-ground in accordance with the processing conditions. Cylindrical specimens of specified mass are pressed from the enamel powder, or the dried enamel slip, and from the reference enamel agreed upon between the parties concerned. The test specimens are placed in a
27、laboratory furnace at an agreed temperature on an unglazed ceramic tile in the horizontal position and melted to hemispherical shape. The tile is tilted to permit the enamel to flow at a specified angle and for an agreed time period. The length flow number, Fl, and the breadth flow number, Fb, are c
28、alculated on the basis of the flow lengths and flow breadths of the test specimens. 3 Material and apparatus 3.1 Reference enamel, to be agreed upon by the parties concerned, having similar fluidity behaviour to the enamel to be tested. 3.2 Ball mill. 3.3 Evaporation device, for example, a hot-air o
29、ven, a hot plate, a sand bath. 3.4 Mortar. 3.5 Pestle. 3.6 Balance, with an accuracy of 0,01 g. 3.7 Press, able to generate a pressure of at least 5 N/mm2, with a cylindrical mould having an internal diameter of 8 mm to 10 mm for preparation of the test specimens. EN ISO 4534:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 453
30、4:2011-04 53.8 Flow plate, consisting preferably of a smooth unglazed ceramic tile, with side lengths of approximately 75 mm and a thickness of 5 mm to 6 mm, prefired at a temperature of at least 1 100 C. It shall have a water absorption at atmospheric pressure u 25% and a homogeneous fine ceramic b
31、ody. Flow plates may also be cut from a larger plate (see A.1). 3.9 Tilting frame, (see Figures 1 and 2), for placing a flow plate inside a laboratory furnace in a horizontal position and tilting the plate to an angle between 30 and 90. NOTE For very viscous samples, it can be favourable to increase
32、 the slope; for samples of low viscosity, it can be favourable to decrease the slope. Figure 1 Example of tilting frame set in a horizontal position for receiving the flow plate Key l1, l2, l3and l4flow lengths of the four specimens b1, b2, b3and b4maximum flow breadths of the four specimens (see Cl
33、ause 6) Figure 2 Tilting frame tilted by 45 with flow plate and four specimens EN ISO 4534:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 4534:2011-04 63.10 Electrically heated laboratory furnace, capable of being controlled at (900 10) C. 3.11 Stop watch. 4 Test specimens 4.1 Preparation of enamel The sample may be taken fro
34、m the enamel powder readily ground or it may be ground separately in the ball mill (3.2). Mill additives and the fineness of grinding depend on the manufacturing conditions. In special cases, the complete grain-size distribution shall be taken into account. Wet-ground enamels shall be evaporated to
35、dryness in an evaporation dish. After cooling, the dried enamel shall be loosened and again pulverized using the pestle (3.5) and mortar (3.4). If agreed, mill additives, which are completely or partially soluble in water and are only used as a setting-up agent, may be omitted. Where the fluidity of
36、 frits only is to be determined, they should be milled dry. 4.2 Preparation of test specimens The enamel shall have a mass of 1 g to 2 g, with a relative deviation of maximum 3 %. As specified in 4.1, the enamel powder shall be mixed with a defined amount of water in an empty mould (see 3.7 and A.2)
37、. Immediately press the specimen at a pressure of at least 5 N/mm2. It is important to prepare all test specimens in the same manner with the same number of water drops. 4.3 Number of tests Each flow test shall be performed with an agreed number of specimens made of the test enamel and at least one
38、specimen made of the reference enamel (see Clause 5). 5 Procedure Place the agreed number of test specimens and at least one specimen of the reference enamel on the flow plate (3.8) within the supporting area (see Figure 3). If various flow tests are carried out, interchange the positions of the tes
39、t specimens and the specimen made of the reference enamel (see A.3). It is recommended to have one reference in the side position and to have another reference in the middle of the plate. Predetermine, by one or more pre-tests, the holding time, i.e. the time required from placing the flow plate in
40、the laboratory furnace (3.10), maintained at the agreed temperature for the test enamel, until the reference specimen softens sufficiently to form an approximate hemisphere. The test specimens shall be completely dry before the flow test is carried out. Carefully place the flow plate in the laborato
41、ry furnace, horizontally on the tilting frame (3.9), and at the end of the holding time, then tilt it (see A.3). At the end of the flow period, i.e. the agreed period over which the enamel is allowed to flow, remove the flow plate from the furnace. Measure the flow lengths and maximum flow breadths
42、of the test specimens, in millimetres (see Figure 2). EN ISO 4534:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 4534:2011-04 7Dimensions in millimetres Figure 3 Example of supporting area of specimens on flow plate 6 Calculation and expression of results Calculate the length and breadth flow numbers, Fland Fb, from Equations
43、 (1) and (2): Length flow number: trllFl= (1) where ltis the flow length of the test enamel; lris the flow length of the reference enamel. Breadth flow number: trbbFb= (2) where btis the maximum flow breadth of the test enamel; bris the maximum flow breadth of the reference enamel. If several test s
44、pecimens or reference specimens are used, use the mean flow length and the mean maximum flow breadth for the calculation. EN ISO 4534:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 4534:2011-04 87 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) a reference to this International Standard, ISO 4534:2010;
45、 b) name of testing establishment; c) designations of the test enamel and the reference enamel; d) temperature in the laboratory furnace; e) flow period; f) number of specimens used in the test; g) number of tests; h) length flow number, Fl, and breadth flow number, Fb, as individual values and arit
46、hmetic means; i) any deviations from the procedure specified; j) any unusual features observed during the test; k) date of test. EN ISO 4534:2010 (E) DIN EN ISO 4534:2011-04 9Annex A (informative) Additional information A.1 Flow plate (see 3.8) Unglazed ceramic tiles have proven their value as flow
47、plates. They can also be used for powder enamel (dry-process enamelling), wet-cast enamel, and sheet-steel porcelain enamel. Plates made of a casting or of sheet metal, shall be enamelled first with a ground enamel matching the enamel to be tested. Ground enamel on sheet metal and fusible ground ena
48、mel on castings would, of necessity, be brought back into the fused, molten condition during the fusion flow test and might thereby influence the flow of the specimen. Another inhibiting factor during reheating of the previously fired ground enamel would be the possibility of reactions between the ground enamel and the specimen. As this is a comparative test, carriers other than ceramic plates are principally allowed. The side walls of porcelain boats would obstruct the enamel in its spread, which provides
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