DIN EN ISO 6145-1-2008 Gas analysis - Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetric methods - Part 1 Methods of calibration (ISO 6145-1 2003) English version of .pdf

1、November 2008DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 17No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 71.040.40!$Rx“1478590

2、www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 6145-1Gas analysis Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetricmethods Part 1: Methods of calibration (ISO 6145-1:2003)English version of DIN EN ISO 6145-1:2008-11Gasanalyse Herstellung von Kalibriergasgemischen mit Hilfe von dynamisch-volumetrischenVerfahre

3、n Teil 1: Kalibrierverfahren (ISO 6145-1:2003)Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO 6145-1:2008-11www.beuth.deDocument comprises 41 pagesDIN EN ISO 6145-1:2008-11 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 158 “Analysis of gases” (Secretariat: NEN, Netherlands) and has

4、been taken over as EN ISO 6145-1:2008 by Technical Committee CEN/SS N21 “Gaseous fuels and combustible gas” (Secretariat: CMC). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 062-05-73 AA

5、Gasanalyse und Gas-beschaffenheit. ISO 6145 consists of the following parts, under the general title Gas analysis Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetric methods: Part 1: Methods of calibration Part 2: Volumetric pumps Part 4: Continuous injection method Part 5: Capillary ca

6、libration devices Part 6: Critical orifices Part 7: Thermal mass-flow controllers Part 8: Diffusion method Part 9: Saturation method Part 10: Permeation method Part 11: Electrochemical generation The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follo

7、ws: ISO 6142 DIN EN ISO 6142 ISO 6143 DIN EN ISO 6143 ISO 6145-4 DIN EN ISO 6145-4 ISO 6145-6 DIN EN ISO 6145-6 ISO 6145-8 DIN EN ISO 6145-8 ISO 6145-10 DIN EN ISO 6145-10 ISO 7504 DIN V 51897 In addition, it should be noted that the “Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM)” has

8、been published as DIN V ENV 13005. DIN EN ISO 6145-1:2008-11 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN V 51897, Gas analysis Definitions and explanations DIN V ENV 13005, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement DIN EN ISO 6142, Gas analysis Preparation of calibration gas mixtu

9、res Gravimetric method DIN EN ISO 6143, Gas analysis Comparison methods for determining and checking the composition of calibration gas mixtures DIN EN ISO 6145-4, Gas analysis Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetric methods Part 4: Continuous syringe injection method DIN EN

10、 ISO 6145-6, Gas analysis Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetric methods Part 6: Critical orifices DIN EN ISO 6145-8, Gas analysis Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetric methods Part 8: Diffusion method DIN EN ISO 6145-10, Gas analysis Preparation

11、of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetric methods Part 10: Permeation method DIN EN ISO 6145-1:2008-11 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 6145-1 August 2008 ICS 71.040.40 English Version Gas analysis - Preparation of calibration gas

12、 mixtures using dynamic volumetric methods - Part 1: Methods of calibration (ISO 6145-1:2003) Analyse des gaz - Prparation des mlanges de gaz pour talonnage laide de mthodes volumtriques dynamiques - Partie 1: Mthodes dtalonnage (ISO 6145-1:2003) Gasanalyse - Herstellung von Kalibriergasgemischen mi

13、t Hilfe von dynamisch-volumetrischen Verfahren - Teil 1: Kalibrierverfahren (ISO 6145-1:2003) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 July 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the sta

14、tus of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).

15、A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republ

16、ic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NO

17、RMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 6145-1:2008: E2 DIN EN ISO 6145-1:2008-11 EN ISO 6145-1:2008 (E) Contents Pa

18、ge Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Calibration methods 7 4.1 General7 4.2 Description of primary or potentially primary measuring devices.9 4.3 Measurements on the final mixture 17 5 Techniques for preparation of gas mixtures calibrated by th

19、e methods described in Clause 4 . 18 5.1 General. 18 5.2 Volumetric pumps (see ISO 6145-23) 20 5.3 Continuous injection (see ISO 6145-44) 20 5.4 Capillary (see ISO 6145-55) 20 5.5 Critical orifices (see ISO 6145-66) . 21 5.6 Thermal mass flow controllers (see ISO 6145-77) . 21 5.7 Diffusion (see ISO

20、 6145-88) 21 5.8 Saturation (see ISO 6145-99) 22 5.9 Permeation (see ISO 6145-1010) 22 Annex A (normative) Volume measurement by weighing the water content. 24 Annex B (informative) Description of secondary devices which need calibration against primary devices. 28 Bibliography. 37 Foreword 3 The te

21、xt of ISO 6145-1:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 158 “Analysis of gases” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 6145-1:2008 by Technical Committee CEN/SS N21 “Gaseous fuels and combustible gas” the secretariat of which is he

22、ld by CMC. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibilit

23、y that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bou

24、nd to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, S

25、witzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 6145-1:2003 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 6145-1:2008 without any modification. EN ISO 6145-1:2008 (E) DIN EN ISO 6145-1:2008-11 Introduction This part of ISO 6145 is one of a series of standards which describes the various

26、 dynamic volumetric methods used for the preparation of calibration gas mixtures. In dynamic volumetric methods a gas, A, is introduced at volume or mass flow rate qAinto a constant flow rate qBof a complementary gas B. Gas A can be either a pure calibration component, i, or a mixture of i in A. The

27、 volume fraction, i,Mof i in the final calibration gas mixture is given in the following equation: A,M ,AABiiqqq=+where i,Ais the volume or mass fraction of component, i, in the pre-mixed gas A, and is already known from its method of preparation. It is assumed that in this equation, i,B, the concen

28、tration of component, i, in gas B, is zero. The introduction of gas A can be continuous (e.g. permeation tube) or pseudo-continuous (e.g. volumetric pump). A mixing chamber should be inserted in the system before the analyser and is particularly essential in the case of pseudo-continuous introductio

29、n. The flow rate of component A is measured either directly in terms of volume or mass, or indirectly by measuring the variation of a physical property. The dynamic volumetric preparation techniques produce a continuous flow rate of calibration gas mixtures into the analyser but do not generally all

30、ow the build-up of a reserve by storage under pressure. The main techniques used for the preparation of the mixtures are: a) volumetric pumps; b) continuous injection; c) capillary; d) critical orifices; e) thermal mass-flow controllers; f) diffusion; g) saturation; h) permeation; i) electrochemical

31、 generation. In all cases, and most particularly if very dilute mixtures are concerned, the materials used for the apparatus are chosen as a function of their resistance to corrosion and low absorption capacity (usually glass, PTFE or stainless steel). It should, however, be pointed out that the phe

32、nomena are less important for dynamic volumetric methods than for static methods. Numerous variants or combinations of the main techniques can be considered and mixtures of several constituents can also be prepared by successive operations. 4 DIN EN ISO 6145-1:2008-11 EN ISO 6145-1:2008 (E) Some of

33、these techniques allow calculation of the final concentration of the gas mixture from basic physical information (e.g. mass rates of diffusion, flow through capillaries). However, since all techniques are dynamic and rely on stable flow rates, this part of ISO 6145 emphasizes calibration of the tech

34、niques by measurement of the individual flow rates or their ratios, or by determination of the composition of the final mixture. The uncertainty of the composition of the calibration gas mixture is best determined by comparison with a gas mixture traceable to international standards. Certain of the

35、techniques which may be used to prepare a range of calibration gas mixtures may require several such traceable gas mixtures to verify their performance over that range. The dynamic volumetric technique used has a level of uncertainty associated with it. Information on the final mixture composition d

36、epends both on the calibration method and on the preparation technique. 5 EN ISO 6145-1:2008 (E) DIN EN ISO 6145-1:2008-11 1 Scope This part of ISO 6145 specifies the calibration methods involved in the preparation of gas mixtures by dynamic volumetric techniques. It also gives a brief presentation

37、of a non-exhaustive list of examples of dynamic volumetric techniques which are described in more detail in other parts of ISO 6145. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.

38、 For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6142, Gas analysis Preparation of calibration gas mixtures Gravimetric method ISO 6143, Gas analysis Comparison methods for determining and checking the composition of calibration gas mixtu

39、res ISO 7504, Gas analysis Vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7504 and the following apply. 3.1 uncertainty of measurement parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterizes the dispersion of the values

40、 that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand NOTE 1 Values of the individual statistical uncertainties found in some methods and techniques in this part of ISO 6145 are combined with the values of systematic uncertainties that also occur in a square-root sum-of-squares manner to provide a r

41、elative combined uncertainty, or in some cases as a relative expanded uncertainty by application of the coverage factor “2”. NOTE 2 In keeping with Reference 1 of the Bibliography, the uncertainty of the composition of a mixture is expressed as a relative expanded uncertainty. 6 DIN EN ISO 6145-1:20

42、08-11 EN ISO 6145-1:2008 (E) 4 Calibration methods 4.1 General 4.1.1 The uncertainty in the composition i,M of a component i of a calibration mixture M depends at any time on a) the uncertainty of the calibration method, b) the frequency with which it is applied, c) the stability of the control devi

43、ces involved in the dynamic preparation technique. To assess the uncertainty of the whole procedure, possible instantaneous variations and drift of the principle parameters of the technique during the calibration procedure shall be considered. According to the preparation technique for the gas mixtu

44、res used, calibration can be carried out by one of the following methods: measurement of flow rate (mass or volume); comparison method; tracer method; direct chemical analysis. Table 1 shows the applicability of each calibration method to the different preparation techniques. Table 1 Calibration met

45、hods applicable to the preparation techniques Calibration methods Preparation techniques Comparison with ISO 6143 aFlow rate measurementaTraceraDirect analysis Volumetric pumps + + Continuous injection + + Capillary + + + Critical orifice + + + Thermal mass flow controllers + + + Diffusion + Saturat

46、ion +Permeation + May be applicable; depends on nature of components aThe pluses refer to the measurement of a volume flow. In principle, flow rate measurement can also be performed for continuous injection methods, diffusion methods and permeation methods. Here, mass flows are measured rather than

47、volume flows. For diffusion and permeation tubes the mass flow may be measured continuously using a suspension balance. 4.1.2 In general, the principles of the methods fall into two categories, as follows. Principles in which the flow rates of component gases are measured either by volume or by mass

48、 and in which the concentration in the final mixture is calculated from the flow rate. Different techniques may be used for the individual components of a mixture and these may be calibrated by different methods. The principle of measurements of individual flow rates, however, remains. Principles wh

49、ich operate directly on the final mixtures. 7 EN ISO 6145-1:2008 (E) DIN EN ISO 6145-1:2008-11 Since different principles are involved, they are given separately under each individual method. Since the calibration methods rely upon different principles and the equipment used for the realization of the gas flow rates is different, different units can be used to express the contents. For calibrations using the comparison method, the content is expressed as