DIN EN ISO 7731-2008 Ergonomics - Danger signals for public and work areas - Auditory danger signals (ISO 7731 2003) English version of DIN EN ISO 7731 2008-12《人类工效学 公共和工作场所危险信号 危险.pdf

1、December 2008DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 13No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.180; 13.320!$Tz“14

2、98792www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 7731Ergonomics Danger signals for public and work areas Auditory danger signals (ISO 7731:2003)English version of DIN EN ISO 7731:2008-12Ergonomie Gefahrensignale fr ffentliche Bereiche und Arbeitssttten Akustische Gefahrensignale (ISO 7731:2003)Englische Fassung DIN EN IS

3、O 7731:2008-12SupersedesDIN EN ISO 7731:2005-12 and1:2006-07See start of validitywww.beuth.deDocument comprises 25 pagesDIN EN ISO 7731 CorrigendumDIN EN ISO 7731:2008-12 2 Start of validity This standard takes effect on 1 December 2008. DIN EN ISO 7731:2005-12 may be used in parallel until 28 Decem

4、ber 2009. National foreword This standard includes safety requirements within the meaning of the Gerte- und Produktsicherheitsgesetz (GPSG) (German Equipment and Consumer Goods Safety Law) and in connection with European legislation (EC Machinery Directive), which has been implemented by national le

5、gislation. This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany) in connection with the amended EC Machinery Directive. The responsible German bodies involved in its preparation wer

6、e the Normenausschuss Ergonomie (Ergonomics Standards Committee) and the Normenausschuss Maschinenbau (Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee), Joint Technical Committee NA 023-00-05 AA Ergonomie der physikalischen Umge-bung, ErgPhysU. This standard concretizes the basic requirements set out in

7、Annex I of the EC Machinery Directive 98/37/EC (valid until 28 December 2009) and the new EC Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC which becomes applicable on 29 December 2009 relating to machinery to be placed on the EEA market, with the intent of simplifying the means of proving conformity with such requ

8、irements. Once this standard is designated a harmonized standard in the Official Journal of the European Union, a manufacturer applying this standard may assume compliance with the requirements of the Machinery Directive (the so-called “presumption of conformity”). Amendments This standard differs f

9、rom DIN EN ISO 7731:2005-12 and DIN EN ISO 7731 Berichtigung 1:2006-07 as follows: a) Inclusion of Annex ZB (informative) “Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EC Directive 2006/42/EC”. Previous editions DIN EN ISO 7731: 2005-12 DIN EN ISO 7731 Berichtigung 1

10、 2006-07 DIN EN 457: 1992-04 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 7731 September 2008 ICS 13.180; 13.320 Supersedes EN ISO 7731:2005English Version Ergonomics - Danger signals for public and work areas - Auditory danger signals (ISO 7731:2003) Ergonomie - Signaux de danger pour

11、lieux publics et lieux de travail - Signaux de danger auditifs (ISO 7731:2003) Ergonomie Gefahrensignale fr ffentliche Bereiche und Arbeitssttten Akustische Gefahrensignale (ISO 7731:2003) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 August 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENE

12、LEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any

13、 CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

14、CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,

15、Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Mem

16、bers. Ref. No. EN ISO 7731:2008: E2 DIN EN ISO 7731:2008-12 EN ISO 7731:2008 (E) Contents Page Foreword .3 Introduction.4 1 Scope5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 5 4 Safety requirements7 4.1 General .7 4.2 Recognition7 4.2.1 Introduction7 4.2.2 Audibility 7 4.2.3 Distinctiv

17、eness 7 4.2.4 Unambiguity.7 4.2.5 Moving sources .7 4.3 Review of the signal8 4.4 Recommended maximum level of the danger signal 8 5 Test methods .8 5.1 Measurement equipment 8 5.2 Objective acoustic measurements 8 5.2.1 General .8 5.2.2 Weighted measurements8 5.2.3 Measurements made in the frequenc

18、y domain 8 5.2.4 Measurement of the auditory signal with ambient noise present 9 5.3 Subjective test method .9 6 Design criteria for auditory danger signals9 6.1 General .9 6.2 Sound-pressure level9 6.3 Spectral characteristics10 6.4 Temporal characteristics10 6.4.1 Temporal distribution of the dang

19、er signal 10 6.4.2 Temporal distribution of the frequencies .10 6.4.3 Duration of the danger signals 11 6.5 Information required from suppliers .11 Annex A (normative) Definitions of symbols.12 Annex B (normative) Calculation of effective masked threshold 13 Annex C (normative) Listening test 14 Ann

20、ex D (informative) Examples of danger signals 15 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC21 Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC22

21、 Bibliography23 3 EN ISO 7731:2008 (E) DIN EN ISO 7731:2008-12 Foreword The text of ISO 7731:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 7731:2008 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122

22、 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2

23、009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 7731:2005. This document has been prepared under

24、a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Interna

25、l Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta

26、 Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 7731:2003 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 7731:2008 without any modification. Introduction This International Standard specifies criteria a

27、pplicable to the recognition of auditory danger signals, especially in cases where there is a high level of ambient noise. It covers auditory danger signals, desigated in the text of this standard by the use of the phrase “danger signals”, which apply to emergency signals and warning signals (see Ta

28、ble 1). Auditory danger signals can also be found in the following International Standards: ISO 8201 dealing with emergency evacuation signals; ISO 11429 dealing with auditory and visual danger signals. Various types of danger signals and their responses are described in Table 1. It should be noted

29、that ISO 11429 covers this subject in greater detail. Table 1 Various types of danger signals Type of danger signal Response Auditory emergency evacuation signal Leave the danger zone immediately Auditory emergency signal Take urgent action for rescue or protection Auditory warning signal Take preve

30、ntative or preparatory action Correctly designed signals can reliably call attention to a hazard or a dangerous situation, even when hearing protection is worn, without causing fright. 4 DIN EN ISO 7731:2008-12 EN ISO 7731:2008 (E) 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the physical principle

31、s of design, ergonomic requirements and the corresponding test methods for danger signals for public and work areas in the signal reception area and gives guidelines for the design of the signals. It may also be applied to other appropriate situations. The relevance given in the definitions as to th

32、e difference between an auditory emergency signal, auditory emergency evacuation signal and an auditory warning signal should be noted. The emergency evacuation signal is covered in ISO 8201. This International Standard does not apply to verbal danger warnings (e.g. shouts, loudspeaker announcements

33、). ISO 9921 covers verbal danger signals. Special regulations such as those for a public disaster and public transport are not affected by this International Standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated referenc

34、es, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 61260, Electroacoustics Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters 3 Terms, definitions and symbols For the purposes of this document, the following t

35、erms and definitions apply. NOTE Definitions of symbols referred to in this International Standard are given in Annex A. 3.1 ambient noise all sounds in the signal reception area not produced by the danger-signal transmitter 3.2 danger signals depending on the degree of urgency and the possible effe

36、ct of the danger on people, a distinction is made between three types of auditory danger signals: an auditory emergency signal, an auditory emergency evacuation signal and an auditory warning signal 3.2.1 auditory emergency signal signal marking the onset and, if necessary, the duration and the end

37、of a dangerous situation 5 EN ISO 7731:2008 (E) DIN EN ISO 7731:2008-12 3.2.2 auditory emergency evacuation signal signal indicating the beginning or the actual occurrence of an emergency involving the possibility of injury and instructing the person(s) to immediately leave the danger zone in the re

38、cognized manner NOTE The auditory emergency evacuation signal is the subject of ISO 8201. 3.2.3 auditory warning signal signal indicating the possibility or actual occurrence of a dangerous situation requiring appropriate measures for the elimination or control of the danger NOTE The auditory warnin

39、g signal may also provide information concerning the conduct and courses of action to be taken. 3.3 effective masked threshold level of auditory danger signal just audible over the ambient noise, taking account of the acoustic parameters of both the ambient noise in the signal reception area and the

40、 listening deficiencies (hearing protection, hearing loss and other masking effects) 3.4 octave bandwidth of a filter which comprises a frequency range of a factor of two NOTE That is to say, the cut-off frequency f2is twice the lower f1as specified in IEC 61260; e.g. for an octave-band centred on 5

41、00 Hz, the lower frequency is 353 Hz ( 500 / 2 ), the upper frequency is 707 Hz ( 500 2 ). 3.5 1/3 octave fractional-octave-band filter bandwidth of a filter which comprises a frequency range of a factor of 32 NOTE 1 That is to say, the cut-off frequency f2is 32 times the lower f1(i.e. f2= 32 f1as s

42、pecified in IEC 61260). NOTE 2 A bandpass filter has a narrower frequency range than an octave filter. The octave filter can be subdivided into three 1/3 octave-bands. 3.6 reverberation time time interval required for the sound-pressure level to decrease by 60 dB, after the emission by the source is

43、 stopped 3.7 signal reception area area in which persons are intended to recognize and react to a signal NOTE This International Standard does not deal with problems that might occur if the danger signals are heard from outside the signal reception area. 3.8 spectral content overall frequency conten

44、t of a signal, or of the ambient noise 6 DIN EN ISO 7731:2008-12 EN ISO 7731:2008 (E) 4 Safety requirements 4.1 General The nature of the danger signal shall be such that people in the reception area can hear and react to the signal as intended. If persons with hearing impairment (deafness) or heari

45、ng protection (helmets, ear plugs, etc.) are likely to be present, special care should be taken. The characteristics of the audible signal shall be adapted to take account of the characteristics relevant to the situation. 4.2 Recognition 4.2.1 Introduction The reliable recognition of a danger signal

46、 requires that the signal be clearly audible, be sufficiently different from other sounds in the environment and have an unambiguous meaning. In order of priority, any emergency evacuation signal shall take precedence over all other danger signals and danger signals shall take precedence over all ot

47、her auditory signals. 4.2.2 Audibility 4.2.2.1 The danger signal shall be clearly audible. The effective masked threshold shall be distinctly exceeded. If relevant, the probability of hearing loss in the recipient population may be assessed and taken into account. If hearing protectors are worn, the

48、ir levels of attenuation shall be known and introduced into the assessment. To ensure its audibility, the A-weighted sound-pressure level of the danger signal shall not be lower than 65 dB at any position in the signal reception area. In addition, at least one of the criteria in 4.2.2.2 to 4.2.2.4 s

49、hall be met. 4.2.2.2 For measurements of the A-weighted sound-pressure level method a) in 5.2.2.1, the difference between the two A-weighted sound-pressure levels of the signal and the ambient noise shall be greater than 15 dB (LS, A LN, A 15 dB). 4.2.2.3 For measurements of the octave-band sound-pressure level method b) in 5.2.3.1, the sound-pressure level of the signal in one or more octave-bands shall exceed the effective masked threshold by at least 10 dB in the octave-band under consideration (LSi, oct LTi, oct 10 dB). 4.2.2.4 For measurements o