1、May 2017 English price group 18No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 17.040.20!%eB“2663196www.din.deDIN E
2、N ISO 8401Metallic coatings Review of methods of measurement of ductility (ISO 8401:2017);English version EN ISO 8401:2017,English translation of DIN EN ISO 8401:2017-05Metallische Schutzschichten berblick ber Verfahren zur Messung der Duktilitt (ISO 8401:2017);Englische Fassung EN ISO 8401:2017,Eng
3、lische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 8401:2017-05Revtements mtalliques Vue densemble sur les mthodes de mesurage de la ductilit (ISO 8401:2017);Version anglaise EN ISO 8401:2017,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 8401:2017-05SupersedesDIN EN ISO 8401:199501www.beuth.deDocument comprises 45 pagesDTranslat
4、ion by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.05.17 DIN EN ISO 8401:2017-05 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 8401:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107 “Metallic and other
5、 inorganic coatings” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 262 “Metallic and other inorganic coatings, including for corrosion protection and corrosion testing of metals and alloys” (Secretariat: BSI, United Kingdom). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normena
6、usschuss Materialprfung (DIN Standards Committee Materials Testing), Working Committee NA 062-01-61 AA “Measuring and test methods for metallic and other inorganic coatings”. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN ISO 8401:1995-01 as follows: a) Formula (C.10) has been corrected; b) the standa
7、rd has been harmonized with current rules of presentation. Previous editions DIN EN ISO 8401: 1995-01 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 8401 February 2017 ICS 17.040.20 Supersedes EN ISO 8401:1994English Version Metallic coatings - Review of methods of measurement of ductility
8、 (ISO 8401:2017) Revtements mtalliques - Vue densemble sur les mthodes de mesurage de la ductilit (ISO 8401:2017)Metallische Schutzschichten - berblick ber Verfahren zur Messung der Duktilitt (ISO 8401:2017)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 February 2017. CEN members are bound to compl
9、y with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
10、Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the sam
11、e status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
12、 Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brus
13、sels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 8401:2017 EEuropean foreword .41 Scope . 62 Normative references 63 Terms and definitions . 64 Principle 75 Tests on unsupported foils . 75.1 General . 75.2 Tensile test
14、ing 95.2.1 Principle 95.2.2 Apparatus . 95.2.3 Preparation of test pieces. 95.2.4 Procedure 115.2.5 Expression of results . 115.2.6 Notes on procedure 115.3 Bending (micrometer bend test) 125.3.1 General. 125.3.2 Apparatus 125.3.3 Preparation of test pieces 125.3.4 Procedure 125.3.5 Expression of re
15、sults . 135.4 Folding (vice-bend test) . 155.4.1 General. 155.4.2 Apparatus 155.4.3 Preparation of test pieces 155.4.4 Procedure 155.4.5 Results 155.5 Hydraulic bulging . 165.5.1 General. 165.5.2 Principle . 165.5.3 Apparatus 165.5.4 Procedure 175.5.5 Expression of results .185.5.6 Notes on procedur
16、e 185.6 Mechanical bulging . 185.6.1 General. 185.6.2 Apparatus 195.6.3 Procedure 195.6.4 Expression of results .205.6.5 Special cases .206 Tests on coatings on substrates .226.1 General 226.2 Tensile testing . 236.2.1 Apparatus 236.2.2 Preparation of test pieces 236.2.3 Procedure 236.3 Three-point
17、bending10.6.3.1 Principle . 246.3.2 Apparatus 246.3.3 Procedure 246.3.4 Expression of results .25Contents PageDIN EN ISO 8401:2017-05 EN ISO 8401:2017 (E) 2Foreword 5246.4.2 Expression of results .266.5 Cylindrical mandrel bending 276.5.1 Principle . 276.5.2 Apparatus 276.5.3 Preparation of test pie
18、ces 286.5.4 Procedure 286.5.5 Expression of results .286.5.6 Notes on procedure 286.6 Spiral mandrel bending 286.6.1 Principle . 286.6.2 Apparatus 296.6.3 Procedure 296.6.4 Expression of results .296.7 Conical mandrel bending 306.7.1 Principle . 306.7.2 Apparatus 306.7.3 Procedure 306.7.4 Expression
19、 of results .306.7.5 Special cases .316.8 Mechanical bulging . 316.8.1 Apparatus 316.8.2 Preparation of test pieces 316.8.3 Procedure 316.8.4 Expression of results .267 Selection of test method 328 Test report 33Annex A (informative) Methods of producing foils .34Annex B (informative) Calculation of
20、 ductility when increasing the surface area of a foil (bulging) 36Annex C (informative) Calculation of ductility and tensile strength in the hydraulic bulge test 39Annex D (informative) Calculation of ductility in the mechanical bulge test 42Bibliography .43DIN EN ISO 8401:2017-05 EN ISO 8401:2017 (
21、E)36.4 Four-point bending116.4.1 General. 2626European Foreword This document (EN ISO 8401:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107 “Metallic and other inorganic coatings“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 262 “Metallic and other inorganic coatings” the secretariat of
22、 which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2017 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2017. Attention is drawn to the pos
23、sibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 8401:1994. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standard
24、s organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxem
25、bourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 8401:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 8401:2017 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 8401:2017-05 EN ISO 8401
26、:2017 (E) 4 ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject fo
27、r which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on
28、all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted.
29、This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying a
30、ny or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience o
31、f users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the follo
32、wing URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107, Metallic and other inorganic coatings.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8401:1986), of which it constitutes a minor revision. The following changes have been made:
33、 Formula (C.10) has been corrected; changes have been made in line with the 2016 edition of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.DIN EN ISO 8401:2017-05 EN ISO 8401:2017 (E)5 1 ScopeThis document specifies general methods for measuring the ductility of metallic coatings of thickness below 200 m prepared b
34、y electroplating, autocatalytic deposition or other processes.It is applicable to the following methods: tests on unsupported foils (separated from the substrate); tests of coatings on substrates.It does not apply to International Standards that include specific methods of testing for individual coa
35、tings. In these cases, the methods specified are used in preference to the methods described in this document and are agreed upon beforehand by the supplier and the purchaser.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative references in this document.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this docu
36、ment, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp3.1ductilitya
37、bility of a metallic or other coating to undergo plastic or elastic deformation, or both, without fracture or cracking3.2linear elongationratio of the elongation, l, to a definite initial length, l0, of the test pieceNote 1 to entry: This is taken as a measure of ductility.Note 2 to entry: Often, th
38、is ratio is expressed as a percentage.Note 3 to entry: Normally, the test pieces are elongated see Figure 1 a). With some bending tests, the outer layer of the test piece, i.e. the plating, is elongated. In bulge tests, however, the surface of the foil is enlarged, requiring calculation of linear el
39、ongation from the reduction in the thickness. Using the component of deformation (stretching) in only one axis would give false information about the ductility of the material see Figure 1 b). In those cases, the thinning of the foil, as calculated from the increase in the surface area, is a better
40、measure of the ductility of the material (see Annex B).DIN EN ISO 8401:2017-05 EN ISO 8401:2017 (E) 6 xyzxxy yz z=()()+()dddxyzxyz xy zxzy yz x=+ ddddddzzyyxx=+ddzzyyddllzztt=a) Tensile test b) Cupping testFigure 1 Tensile and cupping tests4 Principle4.1 In the testing of unsupported foils separated
41、 from the substrate (see Figure 2), the foils may consist of one or more metallic layers. Therefore, it is possible to measure the ductility of composites and to determine the influence of individual layers on overall ductility. Methods of testing of unsupported foils are described in Clause 5. Meth
42、ods of producing foils for testing are discussed in Annex A.4.2 In the testing of coatings on substrates (see Figure 3), it is especially important to determine the exact point of crack initiation of the top layer. Attention is drawn to different methods of discerning this point, by normal or correc
43、ted-to-normal vision or with a lens. See the guidance in the individual methods. DIN EN ISO 8401:2017-05 EN ISO 8401:2017 (E)7 These methods can also be used to detect embrittlement of the substrate that may have resulted from the coating process. Methods of testing of coatings on substrates are des
44、cribed in Clause 6.Key1 metal foil2 substrateFigure 2 Foil, which can be separated from the substrateKey1 coating2 substrateFigure 3 Coating on the substrate4.3 Although ductility is a property of the material and independent of the dimensions of the test piece, thickness of the coating may have an
45、influence on the value of linear elongation (l/l0).4.3.1 Very thin layers have different properties as the build-up of the initial layers will be influenced by the properties of the substrate (epitaxy). High internal stresses may be incorporated into the initial layers and these may affect ductility
46、.4.3.2 It is essential that the test piece has uniform thickness, as thinner spots will give rise to premature cracking. Also, the current density is lower at thinner parts and higher at thicker parts of electroplated test pieces; in this way, current density differences may result in different duct
47、ilities. The current density applied should be maintained as uniform as possible over the test piece, and its value reported.5 Tests on unsupported foils5.1 GeneralThese techniques involve measurement of a foil which has been separated from the substrate (see Figure 2). In this case, the foil to be
48、tested can also consist of several layers so as to allow measurement of the influence of undercoats on the ductility of the foil sandwich. Examples are gold flash on gold/copper alloys and chromium-plated nickel deposits. Methods of producing unsupported foils are given in Annex A.Five methods are described: tensile testing (5.2), bending (micrometer bend test) (5.3), folding (vice-bend test) (5.4), hydraulic bulging (5.5) and mech
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