1、DEUTSCHE NORM October 1995 c ._ - L m m 5 E 5 0 3 - * 3 I I .c I .- - - Q $ L O c O y y .- .- E Q O Q L .- L m 5 r 8 5 .- 3 m U o 3 73 e t D z m Q U c 6 c y c c r .- r m O z o o Surface active agents Vocabulary (IS0 862 : 1984, including Corrigendum 1 : 1993) English version of DIN EN IS0 862 This s
2、tandard incorporates the English version of Is0 862. ICs 71.100.40; 01.040.71 Descriptors: Surface active agents, vocabulary. Grenzflchenaktive Verbindungen; Begriffe (IS0 862 : 1984 + Corrigendum 1 : 1993) Supersedes DIN 53900, July 1972 edition. European Standard EN IS0 862: i 995 has the status o
3、f a DIN Standard. National foreword This standard has been published in accordance with a decision taken by CENTTC276 to adopt, without alteration, International Standard IS0 862 as a European Standard. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschu Materialprfung (Mat
4、erials Testing Standards Committee). Amendments DIN 53900, July 1972 edition, has been superseded by the specifications of EN IS0 862, which is identical to IS0 862. Previous edition DIN 53900: 1972-07. EN comprises 23 pages. muth Verlag GmbH, Berlin, has the exclusive right of sale for German Stand
5、ards (DIN-Normen). DIN EN IS0 862 Eng/. Price group 1 - -. 04.96 Sales No. 11 13 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM EN IS0 862 August 1995 ICs 71.100.40: 01.040.71 Descriptors: Surface active agents, vocabulary. English version Surface active agents Vocabulary (IS0 862 : 1984Kor 1 :I
6、 993) Agents de surface; vocabulaire; (IS0 862:1984, Cor 1:1993 inclus) GrenzflBchenaktive Verbindungen; Begriffe (IS0 862 : 1984 + Cor 1 :1993) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-02-05 and is identical to the IS0 Standard as referred to. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENK
7、ENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to an
8、y CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. C
9、EN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Eu
10、ropisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, 8-1050 Brussels O 1995. Copyright reserved to all CEN members. Ref. No. EN IS0 862:1995 E Page 2 EN IS0 862 : 1995 Foreword International Standard IS0 862 : 1984 Surface active agents; vocabulary, which was prepared by ISO/TC 91 S
11、urface active agents of the International Organization for Standardization, has been adopted by Technical Committee CEN/TC 276 Surface active agents as a European Standard. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endor
12、sement, and conflicting national standards withdrawn, by February 1996 at the latest. In accordance with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, L
13、uxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IS0 862:1984, including Corrigendum 1 :1993, was approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modification. Page 3 EN IS0 862 : 1995 Annex A Scope
14、2.4 Intermolecular action This International Standard defines terms frequently used in the field of sur- face active agents NOTES - Some terms dissociated or not from their definition can appear as commer- cial terms according to their usage or to their mode of presentation; under no circum- stances
15、 may their definitions be used as reference definitions for the commercial terms. Other terms which appear non-specific to surface active agents, are nevertheless widely used in this field. 2.4.1 Surface active agentslsolvent molecules 2.4.2 Surface active agents/surface active agents 3 Manufacture
16、of surface active agents 3.1 Manufacture of soap 3.2 Manufacture of synthetic surface active agents Scientific terms directly related to surface phenomena and to the preparation of surface active agents A.l Properties peculiar to surface active agents A.l.l Structural properties A.1.2 Continuous sys
17、tems A.1.2.1 Interface properties This International Standard gives, in 3.3 Raw materials for detergent for- A.1.2.1.1 Liquid-gas particular, specific terms for textiles rnulations applications, dry cleaning, etc., but terms for other applications may be in- A.1.2.1.2 Liquid-liquid interface troduce
18、d. Application Of active A.1.2.1.3 Liquid-solid interface agents These terms are grouped according to the classification shown below. 4.1 Washing 4.2 Wetting 4.3 Foaming 4.4 Emulsification Classification Terms directly related to surface active agents 4.5 Flotation A. 1.3 Dispersed systems A.1.3.1 R
19、heological properties A.1.4 Intermolecular actions A.1.4.1 Surface active agent/solvent molecules 1 Product designation 4.6 Textile applications Annex B General terms non-specific to 2 Special properties of surface active agents 4.6.1 Auxiliary products for spinning 2.1 Structural properties the fie
20、ld of surface active 4.6.2 Auxiliary products for weaving agents 2.2 Continuous systems 4.6.3 Auxiliary products for dyeing and printing 4.6.4 Auxiliary products for finishing 2.2.1 General physical properties 2.2.2 Surface properties 2.3 Dispersed systems 2.3.1 General colloidal properties 4.6.5 Ot
21、her auxiliary products for tex- tiles 2.3.2 Properties of the dispersed phase 4.7 Dry cleaning 4.8 Paper applications 4.9 Leather applications 4.10 Petroleum applications 4.11 Other applications Page 4 EN IS0 862 : 1995 Terms directly related to 2 Special properties of surface surface active agents
22、active agents 2.1 Structural properties 1 Product designation 4 1 surface active agent: A chemical compound possessing surface activity (165) which, dissolved in a liquid in par- ticular in water, lowers the surface ten- sion (14) or interfacial tension (151, by preferred adsorption at the li- quid
23、ivapour surface, or other inter- faces. NOTE - A chemical compound including in its molecule at least one group with an affin- ity for markedly polar surfaces, ensuring in most cases its dissolution in water, and a non-polar group (1621 wbich has little affinity for water. anionic surface active age
24、nt : A sur- face active agent which ionizes in aqueous solution to produce negatively charged organic ions which are respon- sible for the surface activity (165). 5 cationic surface active agent : A sur- face active agent which ionizes in aqueous solution to produce positively charged organic ions w
25、hich are respon- sible for the surface activity (165). 6 .-. non-ionic surface active agent: A L detergent : A product specially for- mulated for cleaning through the pro- cess of detergency (89). NOTE - A detergent comprises essential components surface active agents (111 and generally complementar
26、y components builders (771. etc. 3 soap : An anionic surface active agent (4) which exhibits the phenomenon of reversible hydrolysis 186) by the action of water. Because of this fact, water soluble soaps, or “true soaps“, exhibit characteristic properties. Their reaction is usually alkaline. NOTES 1
27、 A salt (inorganic or organicl, of a fatty acid, or mixture of fatty acids containing at least eight carbon atoms. 2 In practice, the fatty acids may be re- placed in part by rosin acids. 3 In current usage, the term “metallic soap“ applies to salts of fatty acids and non- alkali metals. These salts
28、 are practically in- soluble in water and do not possess detergent properties. surface active agent which does not produce ions in an aqueous solution. The solubility in water of non-ionic sur- face active agents is due to the pre- sence in the molecules of functional groups which have a strong affi
29、nity for water. 7 ampholytic surface active agent : A surface active agent which has two or more functional groups which, depend- ing on the conditions of the medium, can be ionized in an aqueous solution and give to the compound the charac- teristics of either an anionic or a cationic surface activ
30、e agem (43). This ionic behaviour is similar to that of amphoteric compounds in the broadest sense. 8 amphiphilic product : A product, the molecule of which contains both one or more hydrophilic groups (158) and one or mcre lipophilic groups 160). NOTE Surface active agents are amphi philic compound
31、s. 2.2 Continuous systems 2.2.1 General physical properties 9 cloud temperature : The temperature above which aqueous solutions of cer- tain non-ionic surface active agents (6) become heterogeneous by the separa- tion into two liquid phases coacerva- tion (3911. NOTE - The value of the cloud tempera
32、ture depends on the concentration of the solu- tion. 10 temperature of clarification : The temperature at which the mixture of two liquid phases of aqueous solution of certain non-ionic surface active agents (6) exhibiting a cloud ternpera- fure (91, becomes homogeneous on cooling. NOTE - The temper
33、ature of clarification is often determined as “cloud point“. 11 Krafft temperature : The temperature (in practice, a narrow range of tempera- tures) at which the solubility of ionic surface active agents rises sharply. At this temperature the solubility becomes equal to the critical micelkation con-
34、 centration ic. m. c. ) (38). In the soap industry the term “Krafft Point“ is defined as the temperature below which a transparent soap solu- tion becomes cloudy. 2.2.2 Surface properties 12 adsorption layer of surface active agents: A layer of surface active agents in solution stretching more or le
35、ss across an interface and the thickness of which is governed by the fact that, at any random location in that layer, the concentration of the adsorbed product is greater than that in each of the contiguous phases. 13 capillary activity : The action of a sur- face active agent in solution caused by
36、its adsorption at interface which, generally, decreases the surface (14) and interfacial (15) tensions. Page 5 EN IS0 862 : 1995 14 surface tension : The tension acting in the surface of a phase (see 1691, directed towards the interior of the phase, caused by intermolecular attrac- tions between the
37、 molecules at the sur- face and those located below the sur- face. NOTE - The surface tension is expressed in millinewtons per metre imNim). The term surface fension means the special case of forces at the interface between liquid and gaseous phase. 15 interfacial tension : The tension at the interf
38、ace between two ohases (see 169). NOTE The interfacial tension is expressed in millinewtons per metre (mN/m). 16 spreading ability: The property of a liquid, particularly of a solution of sur- face active agents, which enables a drop of this liquid to cover spon- taneously another liquid or solid su
39、r- face. 2.3 Dispersed systems 2.3.1 General colloidal properties 17 dispersion : A system consisting of two or more phases one of which is continuous and at least one other is finely dispersed. 18 dispersed phase: The discontinuous phase of a dispersion 117). 19 dispersion medium : The continuous p
40、hase of a dispersion 117). 20 emulsion : A heterogeneous system of two or more liquid phases, consisting of a continuous liquid phase and at least one other liquid phase dispersed into the first in the form of small droplets. 21 peptization : The formation of a stable dispersion (17) from flocs or a
41、g- gregates. 2.3.2 Properties of the dispersed phase 22 sedimentation : The accumulation under the influence of gravity or centri- fugal force of particles dispersed in a fluid medium. 23 flocculation (under study). 24 flocculate: floc : Matter which has undergone flocculation. 25 coalescence : The
42、disappearance of the boundary between two droplets in contact, or between a droplet and a bulk phase, followed by changes of shape leading to a reduction of the total surface area. 26 protective colloid : A substance which, within a certain concentration range and when acting as a lyophilic colloid,
43、 retards or prevents the aggrega- tion of the particles of a lyophobic dispersion. 2.4 Intermolecular actions 2.4.1 Surface active agentsf solvent molecules 27 endophilicity: The constitutional ten- dency of the whole or a part of a molecule to penetrate into, or remain within, a phase. It is charac
44、terized, in terms of the functional groups in the molecule, by the fact that the introduc- tion of such groups in the molecules gives rise to decreases in the change of the chemical potential when the molecules of the substance pass from a gaseous ideal state to the phase under consideration. NOTE -
45、 The value of the decrease in the change in chemical potential, which results from the introduction of the functional group, is a function of concentration and temperature. Such a group can, depending on these variables have either an endophilic or an exophilic character. 28 exophilicity : The const
46、itutional ten- dency of the whole or a part of a molecule to pass out of or not to pene- trate into a phase. It is characterized, in terms of the functional groups in the molecule, by the fact that the in- troduction of such groups in the molecules gives rise to increases in the change of the chemic
47、al potential when the molecules of the product pass from a gaseous ideal state into the phase under consideration. NOTE - The value of the increase in the change in chemical potential, which results from the introduction of the functional group, is a function of concentration and temperature. Such a
48、 group can, depending on these variables, have either an endophilic or an exophilic character. 29 hydrophily: Endophilicity (271 in rela- tion to water. 30 hydrophoby : Exophilicity 128) in rela- tion to water. 31 iipophilicity : ndophi/icity (27) in rela- tion to a non-gaseous non-polar organic pha
49、se. 32 lipophobicity : xophi/icity (28) in rela- tion to a non-gaseous non-polar organic phase. 33 lyophily : ndophi/icity I271 in relation to a liquid phase. Page 6 EN IS0 862 : 1995 39 43 lyophoby : Exophilicify (28) in relation to a liquid phase. lyotropy : The increase in solubility of a substance which is only slightly soluble in a solvent by the addition of a third substance. This third substance is called a “lyotrope“ or a “lyotropic agent“. hydrotropy : The increase in solubility of a substance which is only slightly soluble in water by the addition of a
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