1、July 2017 English price group 13No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 59.140.30!%guR“2688247www.din.deDIN
2、 EN ISO 20136Leather Determination of degradability by microorganisms (ISO 20136:2017);English version EN ISO 20136:2017,English translation of DIN EN ISO 20136:2017-07Leder Bestimmung der Abbaubarkeit durch Mikroorganismen (ISO 20136:2017);Englische Fassung EN ISO 20136:2017,Englische bersetzung vo
3、n DIN EN ISO 20136:2017-07Cuir Dtermination de la dgradabilit par les microorganismes (ISO 20136:2017);Version anglaise EN ISO 20136:2017,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 20136:2017-07www.beuth.deDocument comprises 27 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language ori
4、ginal shall be considered authoritative.06.17 DIN EN ISO 20136:2017-06 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN ISO 20136:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee IULTCS “International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies” in collaboration w
5、ith Technical Committee CEN/TC 289 “Leather” (Secretariat: UNI, Italy). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Materialprfung (DIN Standards Committee Materials Testing), Working Committee NA 062-05-52 AA “Chemical test methods of leather”. The DIN Standards
6、corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 14852 DIN EN ISO 14852 ISO 14855-1 DIN EN ISO 14855-1 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 14852, Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous
7、 medium Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide DIN EN ISO 14855-1, Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide Part 1: General method EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE
8、 NORM EN ISO 20136 March 2017 ICS 59.140.30 English Version Leather Determination of degradability by micro-organisms (ISO 20136:2017) Cuir Dtermination de la dgradabilit par les micro-organismes (ISO 20136:2017) Leder Bestimmung der Abbaubarkeit durch Mikroorganismen (ISO 20136:2017) This European
9、Standard was approved by CEN on 14 February 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references conce
10、rning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member int
11、o its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, G
12、ermany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES
13、 KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 20136:2017 E EN ISO 20136:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2
14、Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 7 5 Principle . 7 5.1 Method A: assessment of biodegradation by manual titration 7 5.2 Method B: assessment of biodegradation by infrared detection . 7 6 Chemicals . 8 7 Apparatus and materials 9 8 Procedure 11 8.1 Co
15、llection and preparation of the inoculum 11 8.2 Preparation of the test material and reference material 11 8.3 Test conditions and incubation period 11 8.4 Test equipment . 11 8.4.1 Equipment for the assessment of biodegradation by manual titration (equipment A) . 11 8.4.2 Equipment for the assessme
16、nt of biodegradation by IR detection (equipment B) 12 8.5 End of the test 12 9 Quantification 13 9.1 Equipment for the assessment of biodegradation by manual titration (equipment A) . 13 9.1.1 Determination of the organic carbon content . 13 9.1.2 Determination of the amount of carbon dioxide produc
17、ed (Method A) 13 9.1.3 Correcting for normality of HCl . 13 9.1.4 Percentage of biodegradation from carbon dioxide evolved . 13 9.2 Equipment for the assessment of biodegradation by IR detection (Method B) 13 9.2.1 Determination of the organic carbon content . 13 9.2.2 Determination of the amount of
18、 carbon dioxide (CO2produced . 14 9.2.3 Percentage of biodegradation from CO2data 14 10 Expression of results . 15 11 Validity of results . 15 12 Test report 15 Annex A (informative) Determination of the degree and rate of degradation of the material 16 Annex B (informative) Quantitative determinati
19、on of leather biodegradation 21 Bibliography . 25 DIN EN ISO 20136:2017-07 European foreword . 3 EN ISO 20136:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN ISO 20136:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee IULTCS “International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies” in collab
20、oration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 289 “Leather” the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2017, and conflicting national standards sh
21、all be withdrawn at the latest by September 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Interna
22、l Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irel
23、and, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 20136:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 20136:2017 without any modificatio
24、n. DIN EN ISO 20136:2017-07 ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested
25、 in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Comm
26、ission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents s
27、hould be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible f
28、or identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for t
29、he convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in
30、the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .htmlThis document was prepared by the Chemical Tests Commission of the International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies (IUC Commission, IULTCS) in collaboration with the European Committee
31、for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 289, Leather, the secretariat of which is held by UNI, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).IULTCS, originally formed in 1897, is a world-wide organization of professional leather societi
32、es to further the advancement of leather science and technology. IULTCS has three Commissions, which are responsible for establishing international method for the sampling and testing of leather. ISO recognizes IULTCS as an international standardizing body for the preparation of test methods for lea
33、ther.4 EN ISO 20136:2017 (E) DIN EN ISO 20136:2017-07 IntroductionOne of the big problems faced by the footwear industry is waste treatment. Although this waste, especially in the case of leather, is not considered hazardous by current legislation, it is however produced in large quantities which pr
34、esent a problem for municipal landfill sites.The aim of the tanning process is to avoid skin putrefaction and increase the resistence of the obtained leather. For this purpose, chemical and biological agents are used which are involved in the denaturation and hardening of the main stromal protein, c
35、ollagen, thus also producing physicochemical changes in the skin.There is a wide range of different agents used for leather tanning, which can be based on organic products, vegetable extracts or inorganic products, mostly metals.The most used tanning agent in the footwear industry is Chromium (III),
36、 which gives the skin desirable characteristics, such as elasticity, easy buffing and a good breathability and vapour permeability. However, the traditional tanning industry, and especially chrome tanning, generates wastes that pose an environmental threat. Also, chrome-tanned hides and skins have t
37、oo long a lifespan, much larger than the useful life of the final products. Therefore, the use of additives that are less harmful to the environment and which generate products that have a certain ease of degradation, once the material has achieved its purpose, would be preferred, thus minimising wa
38、ste products.Within this sector, the development of fast biodegradability quantification methods for leather that has been treated with alternative tanning agents is needed in order to predict whether these materials are more biodegradable than their predecessors. The methodology described in this d
39、ocument attempts to allow the completion of this form of analysis in a test time of no more than 35 days.5 EN ISO 20136:2017 (E) DIN EN ISO 20136:2017-07 1 ScopeThis document specifies a test method to determine the degree and rate of aerobic biodegradation of hides and skins of different animal ori
40、gin, whether they are tanned or not, through the indirect determination of CO2produced by the degradation of collagen.The test material is exposed to an inoculum (activated sludge from tannery wastewater) in an aqueous medium.The conditions established in this document correspond to optimum laborato
41、ry conditions to achieve the maximum level of biodegradation. However, they may not necessarily correspond to the optimum conditions or maximum level of biodegradation in the natural medium.In general, the experimental procedure covers the determination of the degradation degree and rate of the mate
42、rial under controlled conditions, which allows the analysis of the evolved carbon dioxide produced throughout the test. For this purpose, the testing equipment complies with strict requirements with regard to flow, temperature and agitation control.This method applies to the following materials: nat
43、ural polymers of animal stroma (animal tissue/skins), animal hides and skins tanned (leather) using organic or inorganic tanning agents, leathers that, under testing conditions, do not inhibit the activity of microorganisms present in the inoculum.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative referen
44、ces in this document.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online b
45、rowsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp3.1filter pore no. 1diffuser with pore size from 100 microns to 160 micronsNote 1 to entry: This measurement is standard.3.2inoculumactivated sludge from tannery wastewater6 EN ISO 20136:2017 (E) DIN EN ISO 20136:2017-07 4 Symbols and abbre
46、viated termsBa(OH)2 barium hydroxideC carbonCO2carbon dioxideGL18 threads are used with H-SA V40/45 Erlenmeyer flasks (5 000 ml volume)GL14 threads are used with H-SA V29/32 Erlenmeyer flasks (2 000 ml volume)H-SA V 29/32 inner and outer measures in millimetres of the orifice of the mouth of theErle
47、nmeyer flasksH-SA V H40/45 inner and outer measures in millimetres of the orifice of the mouth of theErlenmeyer flasksIR infraredPSA pressure swing adsorption5 Principle5.1 Method A: assessment of biodegradation by manual titrationThis test method determines the biodegradation percentage of tanned o
48、r untanned hides and skins through the indirect measurement of CO2evolved during the degradation of collagen, which is the major constituent of the skin, by the action of the microorganisms present in tannery wastewater.The CO2evolved during the test is indirectly determined through the reaction of
49、Ba(OH)2 with CO2, which is precipitated as barium carbonate (BaCO3). The amount of CO2evolved is determined by titrating the remaining barium hydroxide with a 0,05 mol/l hydrochloric acid solution. These measurements are taken on a daily basis throughout the test.Biodegradability is assessed by indirectly measuring the CO2evolved as a function of time and calculating the biodegradation degree by the difference between the initial carbon percentage present in co
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