DIN ISO 10816-21-2015 Mechanical vibration - Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts - Part 21 Horizontal axis wind turbines with gearbox (ISO 10816-2.pdf

1、August 2015 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 12No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS

2、 17.160; 27.180!%DjT“2337149www.din.deDDIN ISO 10816-21Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotatingparts Part 21: Horizontal axis wind turbines with gearbox (ISO 10816-21:2015),English translation of DIN ISO 10816-21:2015-08Mechanische Schwingungen Bewertung d

3、er Schwingungen von Maschinen durch Messungen an nicht-rotierendenTeilen Teil 21: Windenergieanlagen mit horizontaler Drehachse und Getriebe(ISO 10816-21:2015),Englische bersetzung von DIN ISO 10816-21:2015-08Vibrations mcaniques valuation des vibrations des machines par mesurages sur les parties no

4、n tournantes Partie 21: Turbines oliennes axe horizontal avec multiplicateur (ISO 10816-21:2015),Traduction anglaise de DIN ISO 10816-21:2015-08www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.2208.15 A comma is used as the decimal

5、marker. Contents Page National foreword .3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography 4 Introduction .6 1 Scope 8 2 Normative references 9 3 Terms and definitions .9 4 Basic principles .9 4.1 Measurement and characteristic quantities 9 4.2 Averaging methods and evaluation quantities for wind turbi

6、ne vibration 10 4.3 Evaluation period .10 5 Instructions on measurement and interpretation .11 5.1 General 11 5.2 Nacelle and tower 11 5.3 Rotor bearing .12 5.4 Gearbox 12 5.5 Generator 13 5.6 Requirements for the measurement equipment .13 5.7 Mounting and connection of the vibration transducers 14

7、5.8 Operating conditions during measurements 14 6 Evaluation criteria 15 6.1 General 15 6.2 Evaluation zones 15 6.3 Change in vibration magnitude 16 7 Evaluation zone boundaries .16 8 Setting of operational limits .16 8.1 General 16 8.2 ALERT limits .17 8.3 ALARM limits 17 8.4 TRIP limits 17 9 Infor

8、mation on vibration monitoring 17 9.1 Monitoring broad-band vibration .17 9.2 Condition monitoring 17 Annex A (informative) Evaluation zone boundaries 19 Annex B (informative) Schematic diagrams of two typical wind turbine designs with gearbox 20 Bibliography 22 DIN ISO 10816-21:2015-08 2 DIN ISO 10

9、816-21:2015-08 3 National foreword The text of ISO 10816-21:2015 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108 “Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring”, Subcommittee SC 2 “Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock as applied to machines, vehicles and structures

10、” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Akustik, Lrmminderung und Schwingungstechnik im DIN und VDI (Acoustics, Noise Control and Vibration Engineering Standards Committee in DIN and VDI), Working Committee NA 001-03-06-02 UA (NA

11、LS/VDI C 6.2) Messung und Beurteilung von Maschinenschwingungen in collaboration with Technical Committee VDI/NALS FA 623 Schwingungen in Windenergieanlagen of the VDI Society for Produkt- und Prozessgestaltung (GPP). Under German leadership of this project, it was possible to integrate the content

12、of VDI 3834-1:2009-03 into this ISO in order to establish that content at international level. During work on the international standard, some parts of the VDI text, and its structure, were changed; however, the evaluation zone boundaries remain the same. The present standard is a German version whi

13、ch is identical to the ISO Standard. In the meantime, Technical Committee VDI/NALS FA 623 has revised and expanded VDI 3834-1. The new edition of the VDI guideline supplements the present standard as follows: It contains additional information relating to application, and more precise information ba

14、sed on experience gained in using the 2009 edition of VDI 3834-1. It also includes a new annex with information on balancing the rotor in situ. Furthermore, the range of the zone boundaries is no longer limited to wind turbines having a nominal power of 3 MW. A second part of VDI 3834 is currently u

15、nder development, which will cover wind turbines without a gearbox (called “Group 2” turbines in the present standard). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. DIN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all s

16、uch patent rights. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 2954 DIN ISO 2954 ISO 5348 DIN ISO 5348 ISO 8041 DIN EN ISO 8041 ISO 13372 DIN ISO 17359 Supplement 1 standards series ISO 13373 standards series DIN ISO 13373 IEC 60034

17、-14 DIN EN 60034-14 (VDE 0530-14) IEC 60050-415 IEV 415 IEC 61400-4 DIN EN 61400-4 (VDE 0127-4) The German Standards are given in National Annex NA “Bibliography”. ISO 10816 consists of the following parts, under the general title Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements

18、on non-rotating parts: Part 1: General guidelines Part 2: Land-based steam turbines and generators in excess of 50 MW with normal operating speeds of 1500 r/min, 1800 r/min, 3000 r/min and 3600 r/min Part 3: Industrial machines with nominal power above 15 kW and nominal speeds between 120 r/min and

19、15000 r/min when measured in situ Part 4: Gas turbine sets with fluid-film bearings Part 5: Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants Part 6: Reciprocating machines with power ratings above 100 kW Part 7: Rotodynamic pumps for industrial applications, including measurements on ro

20、tating shafts Part 8: Reciprocating compressor systems Part 21: Horizontal axis wind turbines with gearbox National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN 60034-14 (VDE 0530-14), Rotating electrical machines Part 14: Mechanical vibration of certain machines with shaft heights 56 mm and higher Me

21、asurement, evaluation and limits of vibration severity DIN EN 61400-4 (VDE 0127-4), Wind turbines Part 4: Design requirements for wind turbine gearboxes DIN EN ISO 8041, Human response to vibration Measuring instrumentation DIN ISO 2954, Mechanical vibration of rotating and reciprocating machinery R

22、equirements for instruments for measuring vibration severity DIN ISO 5348, Mechanical vibration and shock Mechanical mounting of accelerometers DIN ISO 10816-1, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 1: General guidelines DIN ISO 10816-2, Mech

23、anical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 2: Land-based steam turbines and generators in excess of 50 MW with normal operating speeds of 1 500 min1, 1 800 min1, 3 000 min1und 3 600 min1DIN ISO 10816-3, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibra

24、tion by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 3: Industrial machines with nominal power above 15 kW and nominal speeds between 120 min1and 15 000 min1when measured in situ DIN ISO 10816-4, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 4: Gas turbin

25、e sets with fluid-film bearings DIN ISO 10816-21:2015-08 4 DIN ISO 10816-6, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 6: Reciprocating machines with power ratings above 100 kW DIN ISO 10816-7, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration

26、by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 7: Rotodynamic pumps for industrial applications, including measurements on rotating shafts DIN ISO 10816-8, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 8: Reciprocating compressor systems DIN ISO 13373-1,

27、 Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Vibration condition monitoring Part 1: General guidelines DIN ISO 13373-2, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Vibration condition monitoring Part 2: Processing, analysis and presentation of vibration data DIN ISO 13373-3, Condition moni

28、toring and diagnostics of machines Vibration condition monitoring Part 3: Guidelines for vibration diagnosis*)DIN ISO 13373-9, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Vibration condition monitoring Part 9: Diagnostic techniques for electric motors DIN ISO 17359 Supplement 1, Condition monit

29、oring and diagnostics of machines Supplement 1: Explanations of technical terms IEV 415, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Part 415: Wind turbine generator systems*)Measurement and evaluation of the mechanical vibration of wind energy turbines and their components Onshore wind energy turbine

30、s with gears *) Draft stage *) Freely available at www.dke.de/de/Online-Service/DKE-IEV/Seiten/IEV-Woerterbuch.aspx DIN ISO 10816-21:2015-08 5 IntroductionPrevious International Standards available for evaluating the vibration of structures and machines cannot be applied to wind turbines due to the

31、special nature of their construction and operation. The vibration of the tower and nacelle of a wind turbine caused by the effects of wind, flow disturbances due to the tower (tower dam effect), the natural vibration of the rotor blades and structure itself (tower and foundation), and additionally,

32、e.g. sea swell in the case of offshore wind turbines, differs from that of other industrial structures with respect to the time behaviour and spectra of the vibration.ISO 10816-1, dealing with the measurement and evaluation of machine vibration, could be called on for the components of wind turbines

33、 (rotor bearing, gearbox, and generator). It is the basis of a number of other International Standards, including ISO 10816-3, for industrial machines of all kinds. Wind turbines are, however, expressly excluded from the scope of ISO 10816-3.The criteria laid down in the other parts of ISO 10816 wou

34、ld, in principle, be applicable to wind turbine components. However, these criteria apply only to vibration generated within the machine set itself, and thus, affect its components directly. The criteria are also valid for evaluating the vibration emission (i.e. emission into the environment of a ma

35、chine set), but they cannot be applied to vibration transmitted to the machines from external sources (i.e. vibration immission, structure-borne noise). With wind turbines, these are the effects of vibration of the tower or nacelle which are excited by wind and, in the case of offshore wind turbines

36、, additionally by sea swell. Due to the extreme flexibility of blades and tower and the low rotor rotational speeds, it is necessary to include the low-frequency vibration in the measurement and evaluation.The necessity to measure and evaluate the low-frequency vibration of the components in respons

37、e to periodic and stochastic excitation sources requires modified evaluation quantities in contrast to ISO 10816-3 and this is complicated by the effects of wind and waves on the wind turbine structure which leads to high-amplitude, low-frequency vibration.Due to the great influence of the vibration

38、 magnitude of a wind turbine on the stress of all components and thus on their operational reliability and service life, there is great interest of stakeholders involved in the manufacture, ownership operation, service, maintenance, and financing of wind turbines in having a recognized standard whic

39、h provides criteria and recommendations regarding the measurement and evaluation of the mechanical vibration of wind turbines and their components. This is the central task of this part of ISO 10816 and a subsequent part 22 which is planned.The aim of this part of ISO 10816 is to standardize measure

40、ments, to assist in their evaluation and to make possible a comparative evaluation of the vibration measured in wind turbines and their components. In the event of evaluation zone boundaries being exceeded, the results of such measurements should enable conclusions to be drawn regarding possible thr

41、eats to the corresponding components of the wind turbine or to the installation as a whole, but without identifying the corresponding causes in any detail. If evaluation zone boundaries are not exceeded, the running behaviour can well be normal, but this does not rule out the possibility of individu

42、al instances of damage. Evaluation zone boundary values are not intended to be used as acceptance values. These need to be agreed on between the manufacturer and the user.The working principle of wind turbines covered by this part of ISO 10816 is based on a rotating rotor with a horizontal rotationa

43、l axis. The rotor consists of a rotor hub with rotor blades which are either mounted immovably or which can be turned on their longitudinal axis. The rotor hub is connected to the drive train of the wind turbine. The mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by a generator which is drive

44、n via a gearbox or directly. As a rule, these energy conversion components are Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 21: Horizontal axis wind turbines with gearbox DIN ISO 10816-21:2015-08 6 on the operating conditions such as power output an

45、d rotational speed, taking into consideration the constructive design of the wind turbine or its individual components, results in alternating loading on the entire wind turbine with its rotor, drive train, tower and foundation, and thus leads to vibration excitation at the individual components.Dri

46、ve trains consist of assemblies which are different in their type of design and their particular shafts. Therefore, they can excite vibration which is dependent or independent of rotational speed. Depending on the manufacturer and design, a different vibratory behaviour is shown by the generators, g

47、earboxes and clutches, not only as individual assemblies, but also in interaction with, and depending on the type of wind turbine installation. Depending on the exciter and excitation range, the occurring vibration can, for example, result from poor alignment and lead to gear-tooth engagement shocks

48、 in the gearbox. Furthermore, resonance vibration can occur in the drive train. For these reasons, it is imperative in all cases to take the entire wind turbine into consideration, i.e. the drive train with rotor blades, nacelle, and tower.On account of the great influence which the type of mechanical drive train can have on the vibration magnitude of all wind turbine components, it is necessary to divide the wind turbines into two groups: Group 1: horizontal axis