DIN ISO 11169-2016 Machinery for forestry - Wheeled special machines - Vocabulary performance test methods and criteria for brake systems (ISO 11169 1993)《林业机械 轮式专用机器 词汇、性能试验方法和制动系.pdf

1、June 2016 English price group 9No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 65.060.80!%Vl s is the stopping dist

2、ance, in metres. 2.6 burnish: Procedure to condition the frictional surfaces of the machine brake(s). 2.7 brake reservoir pressure: Pressure in the air or hydraulic reservoir(s), if so equipped, to assist the ap plication of force to the brakes. 2.8 brake system pressure: Gas or hydraulic pressure a

3、vailable at the brake mechanism. 2.9 test course: Surface upon which the test is carried out. 2.10 cold brakes: Brakes in one of the following conditions: a) the brakes have not been actuated in the previous 1 h, except in accordance with 5.9; b) the brakes have been cooled to 1 00 ac or less when m

4、easured on the brake disc or the outside of the brake drum; c) in the case of totally enclosed brakes, including oil-immersed brakes, the temperature measured on the outside of the housing is below 50 C, or within the manufacturers specification. 3 Instrument accuracy The instruments used to carry o

5、ut the required measurements shall be accurate to the Ieveis given in table 1. Table 1 - Instrument accuracy Ieveis Instrument Parameter belng measured and accuracy related unit o/o Brake system pressure (kPa) 3 Machine speed (kmfh) 3 Machine mass (kg) 2,5 Stopping distance (m) 1 Brake control actua

6、ting force (N) 3 Slope (%) 1 4 General requirements The requirements for brake systems in 4.1 to 4.6 ap ply to all machines indicated in clause 1. 4.1 Required brake systems All machines shall be equipped with a) a service brake system; b) a secondary brake system; c) a parking brake system. No brak

7、e system shall be connected to the wheel and tyre through a disconnect such as a clutch or shiftable gear-box. 4.2 Common components Brake systems may use common components; how ever in the event of a failure of any single component other than a tyre, the brake systems shall be capable of bringing t

8、he machine to a halt in accordance w ith performance requirements specified for the second ary brake system in 6.6.3.4. 4.3 Service brake system 4.3.1 All machines shall meet the service brake per formance requirements of 6.5 and 6.6. 4.3.2 The temperature of brake components ex posed to debris shal

9、l not exceed 120 oc over ambient when measured within 1 min after completing the stopping test described in 6.6. The point of measure ment shall be the outer surface of the drum or the periphery of the disc. 4.3.3 lf other systems are provided with power from the service brake system, any failure in

10、 these systems shall be considered as a failure in the service brake system. 4.4 Secondary brake system All machines shall meet the secondary brake per formance requirements of 6.6. The secondary brake system shall be actuated by a manual control. ln addition, automatic application is permitted if a

11、 warning device is actuated prior to the automatic application. 4.5 Parking brake system 4.5.1 All machines shall meet the parking brake performance requirements of 6.5. 4.5.2 All machines shall be equipped with a parking brake system capable of being applied by a person seated in the drivers seat.

12、DIN ISO 11169:2016-06 7 4.5.3 While applied, the parking brake system shall maintain . parking performance in compliance with 6.5, despite any contraction of the brake parts, ex haustion of the source of energy, or leakage of any kind. 4.5.4 The parking brake system may use common components which a

13、lso form part of other brake sys tems provided that the requirements given in 6.5 are met. 4.6 Warning device 4.6.1 The service brake system using stored energy as its primary application force shall be equipped with a warning device which actuates before system en ergy drops below either 50% of the

14、 manufacturers specified maximum operating energy Ievei or the Ievei required to meet the secondary brake performance requirements, whichever is higher. This warning device shall be readily visible andtor audible to the operator, and provide a continuous warning. Gauges shall not be acceptable to me

15、et these requirements. 4.6.2 Any friction-type parking brake system not automatically disengaged by engagement of the transmission, or which does not automatically disen gage the transmission when applied, shall be equipped with a warning device which is activated when the engine is running, the tra

16、nsmission is en gaged, and the parking brake is engaged. This warning device shall provide continuous warning to the operator. Gauges shall not be acceptable to meet these requirements. 5 Test conditions 5.1 Precautions specified by the manufacturer shall be taken while carrying out performance test

17、s. 5.2 The test course shall consist of a hard, dry sur face with a well-compacted base. Ground maisture may be present to the extent that it does not ad versely affect the braking test. The test course shall not have a gradient of more than 3 % at right angles to the direction of travel. Gradient i

18、n the travel direction shall be as specified for the test being carried out. The approach to the test course shall be of sufficient length, smoothness and uniformity of gradient to en sure the required machine speed is reached before the brakes are applied. 5.3 The machine mass shall be as defined i

19、n 2.3 and shall not exceed the axle distribution specified by the manufacturer. The manufacturers rated payload shall be included for forwarders only, up to the maximum machine gross mass and the axle Ioads approved by the manufacturer. 5.4 All parameters relating to brake systems, i.e. tyre size an

20、d pressure, brake adjustment, warning device actuation point. etc . shall be within the ma chine manufacturers specifications. All the brake system pressures shall be within the machine manu facturers specification range. No manual adjustment shall be made to the brake system during any single perfo

21、rmance test. 5.5 When the machine transmission provides a selection of gear ratios, the stopping tests shall be carried out with the transmission in a gear suitable for the test speed specified. The power train may be disengaged prior to completing the stop. 5.6 Retarders shall not be used in these

22、tests un less the retarder is simultaneously actuated by the applicable brake system control. 5. 7 Blades, grapples and other equipment shall be carried in the transport position recommended by the manufacturer. 5.8 Burnishing or conditioning of brakes before testing is permissible. The burnishing p

23、rocedure shall be indicated in the operators andfor maintenance manual for the machine and shall be verified by con sulting the machine manufacturer. 5.9 lmmediately prior to a test, the machine shall be operated until the machine fluids, i.e. engine and transmission oils, are at normal operating te

24、mper ature. 5.10 Machine speed shall be measured immediately prior to the brake control being applied. 5.11 As a minimum requirement, all data required for the completion of the test report in clause 7 shall be recorded and reported. 6 Performance tests 6.1 Brake system control 6.1.1 Control forces

25、needed to meet the required braking performance for the systems defined in 2.1 shall not exceed the Ieveis given in table 2. DIN ISO 11169:2016-06 8 Table 2 - Maximum test force Ievels for braking system controls Maximum tast forca Type of control to ba appllad N Finger grasp 20 Hand grasp - upwards

26、 400 - fore/aft 300 - sideways 300 Foot pedal (foot control) 600 Foot pedal (ankle control) 350 6.1.2 All brake system controls shall be capable of being applied by someone sitting in the operators seat. The secondary and parking brake system(s) control(s) shall be arranged so that they cannot be re

27、leased from the operators seat once they have been applied unless they can be reapplied im mediately from the operators seat. 6.2 Service brake system recovery capacity (stored energy system) The engine speed control (throttle) shall be set to ob tain maximum engine rotational speed (rfmin) or fre q

28、uency ( min-1). The service brake system shall be capable of delivering at least 70 % of the pressure measured during the first brake application after the service brake has been fully applied 20 times at the rate of six applications per minute. Calculate the percentage of the service brake system s

29、tored energy residual pressure. Bp, after the brake application test, from the following equation: Bp = .!2_ X 100 p, where p, is the brake pressure during the first brake application; is the lowest brake pressure measured during subsequent brake applications. 6.3 Secondary brake system capacity (st

30、ored energy system) lf the stored energy reservoir(s) of the service brake system are used to apply the secondary brake sys tem, then, with the energy source disconnected and the machine stationary, the capacity of the service brake system reservoir(s) shall be such that energy remaining in the rese

31、rvoir(s) after five full service brake applications shall not be less than that required to meet the secondary stopping requirements speci fied in 6.6.3.4. 6.4 Warning device for stored energy system The service brake system energy shall be reduced by any suitable means. The warning device (see 4.6.

32、1) shall be activated before the system energy drops below either 50 % of the maximum stored energy Ievei specified by the manufacturer or the stored en ergy Ievei required to meet the secondary stopping requirement specified in 6.6.3.4, whichever Ievei is higher. The warning device shall be activat

33、ed before a secondary brake system is automatically applied. 6.5 Holding performance 6.5.1 The service brake system shall have a capa bility equivalent to holding the machine stationary, in both torward and reverse directions, on a 40 % gradi ent with the machine mass specified in 5.3. 6.5.2 The par

34、king brake shall have a capability equivalent to holding the machine stationary, in both torward and reverse directions, under the conditions specified in 6.5.1. 6.5.3 lf the machine slides or if it is otherwise im practical to test on a 40 % gradient, use the surface specified in 5.2 with not more

35、than 1 % gradient in the travel direction. Apply a horizontal pulling force as near the ground as practical to the stationary test machine with the brake system applied and the transmission in neutral. The test machine holding brake force used, in newtons. shall be not less than 3,64 times the machi

36、ne mass in kilograms. 6.6 Stopping performance 6.6.1 Requirements The service and secondary brake systems shall stop the machine within the following respective stopping distances, s, in metres, when tested in accordance with 6.6.2 to 6.6.4: a) for the service brake system: v2 s= 80 b) for the secon

37、dary brake system: v2 s = 53 where v in a) and b) is the machine speed, expressed in kilometras per hour. DIN ISO 11169:2016-06 9 For both a) and b), machines with a maximum Ievei surface speed lower than 32 km/h shall add the fol lowing correction to the stopping distance equation: + 0, 1 x (32 - v

38、) For b) alone, see 6.6.3.4 for the alternative secondary brake exception. 6.6.2 Test conditions 6.6.2.1 Brake performance shall be tested from a machine speed of 32 km/h 3 km/h or the maximum Ievei surface speed of the machine. if less. 6.6.2.2 Tests shall be carried out in accordance with the test

39、 conditions specified in clause 5. 6.6.2.3 The test course shall not have more than 1 % gradient in the travel direction. 6.6.3 Cold tests 6.6.3.1 Starting out with cold brakes, stopping dis tance tests for service brake and secondary brake systems shall be carried out twice in the torward di rectio

40、n of machine travel, once in each direction of the test course, with at least 10 min between stops. 6.6.3.2 Stopping distance and machine speed used when reporting the test results (see clause 7) shall be the average of the two tests (once in each direc tion of the test course) described in 6.6.3.1

41、. 6.6.3.3 The service brake system shall stop the ma chine within the stopping distance specified in 6.6.1a). 6.6.3.4 The secondary brake system shall stop the machine within the distance specified in 6.6.1 b). lf the machine is equipped with a retarder, it may be used prior to and during this test.

42、 When the retarder is used, the machine manufacturer shall include in the operators manual the maximum machine speed and/or the transmission gear to be engaged when the machine is travelling down specified gradients. An in struction plate shall be placed in the operators com partment and be readily

43、visible to the operator. lf the service and secondary brake systems are actu ated by only one control, an independent brake sys tem shall be provided as an alternative secondary brake. The alternative secondary brake shall stop the machine within the stopping distance, s, in metres, calculated from

44、the following equation: v2 s= 40 where v is the velocity of the machine, in kilometras per hour, immediately prior to the brake control being applied. 6.6.4 Procedure for heat fade test 6.6.4.1 Machines shall be tested as stated in 6.6.2. 6.6.4.2 The service brakes shall be applied and re leased to

45、complete four consecutive stops at or as near as possible to the maximum deceleration of the machine without causing the wheels to lock. The machine shall be returned to the initial test speed af ter each stop using maximum machine acceleration capability. A fifth consecutive stop shall be measured

46、and shall not exceed 125 % of the stopping distance specified in 6.6.1. 7 Test report The test report shall contain at least the following in formation: a) a reference to this International Standard; b) the type of machine; c) the make of machine; d) the model and serial number of the machine; e) th

47、e condition of the brake system (for example, new, in operation for 10 h, etc.); f) the mass, in kilograms, and the axle Ioads, in newtons, of the machine as tested; g) the manufacturers approved maximum machine mass. in kilograms, and the axle Ioads, in newtons; h) the size, ply rating, tread patte

48、rn and tyre press ures, in megapascals; i) a description of the brakes (for example, disc or drum. hand or foot control); j) the type of brake systems (for example, mech anical or hydraulic); k) which tests were carried out using a retarder and a description of the retarder (for example, hydraulic o

49、r electric); I) the surface of the test course (for example, as phalt, concrete or soil); m) the longitudinal and cross gradients of the test course; n) the results of all stopping and holding tests, given in table form as shown in table 3 (see 6.5 and 6.6); DIN ISO 11169:2016-06 10 o) percentage of the service brake system stored energy after the brake application test, calculated as specified in 6.2; p) the force Ieveis applied to the controls (see 6.1.1 ); q) the maximum Ievei surface speed in kilometres per hour; r) the secondary brake system capacity for a stor