1、November 2015 English price group 12No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.040.20!%G4“2365717www.din.de
2、DIN ISO 16000-20Indoor air Part 20: Detection and enumeration of moulds Determination of total spore count (ISO 16000-20:2014),English translation of DIN ISO 16000-20:2015-11Innenraumluftverunreinigungen Teil 20: Nachweis und Zhlung von Schimmelpilzen Bestimmung der Gesamtsporenanzahl (ISO 16000-20:
3、2014),Englische bersetzung von DIN ISO 16000-20:2015-11Air intrieur Partie 20: Dtection et dnombrement des moisissures Dtermination du nombre total de spores (ISO 16000-20:2014),Traduction anglaise de DIN ISO 16000-20:2015-11www.beuth.deDocument comprises 21 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.I
4、n case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.This standard has been included in the VDI/DIN Handbook on air quality, Volume 5. 11.15 A comma is used as the decimal marker. Contents Page National foreword. 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography . 5 Introduct
5、ion . 8 1 Scope 9 2 Terms and definitions . 9 3 Principle of method . 10 4 Apparatus and materials . 10 5 Reagents 11 5.1 General 11 5.2 Lactophenol blue solution . 11 6 Measurement procedure . 11 6.1 Sampling 11 6.2 Direct microscopy 12 6.3 Calculation and expression of results 13 6.4 Transport and
6、 storage 14 7 Quality assurance . 14 8 Calibration of flow rate, function control, and maintenance of the sampling system . 14 9 Sampling protocol 14 10 Performance characteristics 15 Annex A (informative) Examples of impactors . 19 Annex B (normative) Sample exchange for method validation 20 Biblio
7、graphy . 21 DIN ISO 16000-20:2015-11 2 DIN ISO 16000-20:2015-11 3 National foreword International technical regulation pertaining to indoor air This standard (ISO 16000-20) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146 “Air quality”, Subcommittee SC 6 “Indoor air”, Working Group WG 10 “Fungi”.
8、 (Convenership and Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft im VDI und DIN Normenausschuss KRdL (Commission on Air Pollution Prevention of VDI and DIN Standards Committee KRdL, Joint Committee NA 134-03-07 AA Bioaeros
9、ole und biologische Agenzien and Working Committee NA 134-04-04 AA Innenraumluft. General and substance-specific aspects which should be taken into account before or during measurements, as well as methods for determining individual substances or substance groups, and microorganisms in indoor air ar
10、e described in the various parts of ISO 16000. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. DIN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. National technical regulation pertaining to indoor air
11、 General conditions and other aspects to be taken into consideration when planning indoor air measurements are described for individual substances and substance groups in the VDI 4300 series (see also “National Annex NA”). Many of these served as the sole basis for parts of the ISO 16000 series (e.g
12、 ISO 16000-1, ISO 16000-2, ISO 16000-5, ISO 16000-7, ISO 16000-12, ISO 16000-15, ISO 16000-16, ISO 16000-17 and ISO 16000-18). The specific procedures (sampling, analysis) are described in the VDI 4301 series for individual substances and substance groups. Methods which can be used for both indoor
13、air and immission measurements are described in further VDI Guidelines. The DIN ISO 16000 series and DIN EN ISO 16000 series consist of the following parts, under the general title Indoor air: DIN EN ISO 16000-1, General aspects of sampling strategy DIN EN ISO 16000-2, Sampling strategy for formalde
14、hyde DIN ISO 16000-3, Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor air and test chamber air Active sampling method DIN ISO 16000-4, Determination of formaldehyde Diffusive sampling method DIN EN ISO 16000-5, Sampling strategy for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) DIN ISO 1600
15、0-6, Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on Tenax TAsorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS/FID DIN EN ISO 16000-7, Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations DIN ISO 16000-8, Determinati
16、on of local mean ages of air in buildings for characterizing ventilation conditions DIN EN ISO 16000-9, Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and furnishing Emission test chamber method DIN EN ISO 16000-10, Determination of the emission of volatile organi
17、c compounds from building products and furnishing Emission test cell method DIN EN ISO 16000-11, Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and furnishing Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens DIN EN ISO 16000-12, Sampling strategy for
18、 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) DIN ISO 16000-13, Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p
19、dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) Collection on sorbent-backed filters DIN ISO 16000-14, Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) Extraction, clean-up and analysis by high-resolut
20、ion gas chromatography/mass spectrometry DIN EN ISO 16000-15, Sampling strategy for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) DIN ISO 16000-16, Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling by filtration DIN ISO 16000-17, Detection and enumeration of moulds Culture-based method DIN ISO 16000-18, Detection and enumerati
21、on of moulds Sampling by impaction DIN ISO 16000-19, Sampling strategy for moulds DIN ISO 16000-20, Detection and enumeration of moulds Determination of total spore count DIN ISO 16000-21, Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling from materials DIN ISO 16000-23, Performance test for evaluating t
22、he reduction of formaldehyde concentrations by sorptive building materials DIN ISO 16000-24, Performance test for evaluating the reduction of volatile organic compounds and carbonyl compounds without formaldehyde concentrations by sorptive building materials DIN ISO 16000-25, Determination of the em
23、ission of semi-volatile organic compounds by building products Micro-chamber method DIN EN ISO 16000-26, Sampling strategy for carbon dioxide (CO2) DIN ISO 16000-27, Standard method for the quantitative analysis of asbestos fibres in settled dust DIN ISO 16000-28, Determination of odour emissions fr
24、om building products using test chambers DIN ISO 16000-29, Test methods for VOC detectors DIN ISO 16000-30, Sensory testing of indoor air DIN ISO 16000-31, Measurement of flame retardants and plasticizers based on organophosphorus compounds Phosphoric acid ester DIN EN ISO 16000-32, Investigation of
25、 buildings for the occurrence of pollutants DIN ISO 16000-20:2015-11 4 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 5492, Sensory analysis Vocabulary DIN EN ISO 8589, Sensory analysis General guidance for the design of test rooms DIN 50014, Climates and their technical application Standar
26、d atmospheres DIN EN ISO 8199, Water quality General guidance on the enumeration of microorganisms by culture DIN EN ISO 9169, Air quality Definition and determination of performance characteristics of an automatic measuring system DIN ISO 12219-1, Indoor air of road vehicles Part 1: Whole vehicle t
27、est chamber Specification and method for the determination of volatile organic compounds in cabin interiors DIN ISO 12219-2, Indoor air of road vehicles Part 2: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from vehicle interior parts and materials Bag method
28、DIN ISO 12219-3, Indoor air of road vehicles Part 3: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from vehicle interior parts and materials Micro-scale chamber method DIN ISO 12219-4, Indoor air of road vehicles Part 4: Screening method for the determination
29、of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from vehicle interior parts and materials Small chamber method DIN ISO 12219-5, Indoor air of road vehicles Part 5: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from vehicle interior parts and materials Static ch
30、amber method DIN ISO 12884, Ambient air Determination of total (gas and particle phase) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Collection on sorbent-backed filters with gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis DIN V EN V 13005, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement DIN EN 14412, Ind
31、oor air quality Diffusive samplers for the determination of concentrations of gases and vapours Guide for selection, use and maintenance DIN EN ISO 16017-1, Indoor, ambient and workplace air Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromato
32、graphy Part 1: Pumped sampling 2 DIN EN ISO 16017-2, Indoor, ambient and workplace air Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography Part 2: Diffusive sampling 3 DIN ISO 16362, Ambient air Determination of particle-phase polycycli
33、c aromatic hydrocarbons by high performance liquid chromatography DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories DIN ISO 16000-20:2015-11 5 VDI 2464 Part 1, Ambient air measurement Indoor air measurement Measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls
34、PCBs) GC/MS method for PCB 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180 VDI 2464 Part 2, Ambient air measurement Indoor air measurement Measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); HR-GC/HR-MS method for coplanar PCBs VDI 2464 Part 3, Ambient air measurement Indoor air measurement Measurement of polybrominated d
35、iphenylether, hexabromocyclododecane and hexabromobenzene by GC/MS VDI 3484 Part 1, Gaseous ambient air measurements Indoor-air pollution measurements Test gases measurements Measurement of the formaldehyde concentration with the sulfite pararosaniline method VDI 3484 Part 2, Gaseous ambient air mea
36、surements Indoor-air pollution measurements Measurement of the formaldehyde concentration with the acetylacetone method VDI 3498 Part 1, Ambient air measurement Indoor air measurement Measurement of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans Method using large filters VDI 3498 Part 2, Ambie
37、nt air measurement Indoor air measurement Measurement of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans Method using small filters VDI 4252 Part 2, Measurement of airborne microorganisms and viruses in ambient air Active sampling of bioaerosols Separation of airborne mould on gelatine/polycarbo
38、nate filters VDI 4253 Part 2, Measurement of airborne microorganisms and viruses in ambient air Culture based method for the determination of the concentration of mould in air Indirect method after sampling with gelatine/polycarbonate filters VDI 4300 Part 1, Indoor-air pollution measurement General
39、 aspects of measurement strategy VDI 4300 Part 2, Indoor-air pollution measurement Measurement strategy for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) VDI 4300 Part 4, Indoor air pollu
40、tion measurement Measurement strategy for pentachlorophenol (PCP) and -hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) in indoor air VDI 4300 Part 5, Indoor air pollution measurement Measurement strategy for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) VDI 4300 Part 6, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement strategy for volatil
41、e organic compounds (VOCs) VDI 4300 Part 7, Indoor-air pollution measurement Measurement of indoor air change rate VDI 4300 Part 8, Measurement of indoor air pollution Sampling of house dust VDI 4300 Part 9, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement strategy for carbon dioxide (CO2) VDI 4300 P
42、art 10, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement strategies for determination of mould fungi in indoor environment VDI 4300 Part 11, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement strategies for determination of airborne particles in indoor environment PM2,5fraction DIN ISO 16000-20:2015-11
43、6 VDI 4301 Part 1, Indoor air pollution measurement Determination of the concentration of nitrogen dioxide Manual photometric method (Saltzman) VDI 4301 Part 2, Indoor air pollution measurement Measurement of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and -hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) GC/MS method VDI 4301 Part 3,
44、Indoor air pollution measurement Measurement of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and -hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) GC/ECD method VDI 4301 Part 4, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement of pyrethroids and piperonyl butoxide in air, house dust and solvent wipe samples VDI 4301 Part 5, Measurement o
45、f indoor air pollution Measurement of flame retardants and plasticizers based on phosphor organic compounds Phosphoric acid ester VDI 4301 Part 6, Measurement of indoor air pollution Measurement of phthalates with GC/MS DIN ISO 16000-20:2015-11 7 IntroductionMould is a common name for filamentous fu
46、ngi from different taxonomic groups (Ascomycota, Zygomycota, and their anamorphic states former known as Deuteromycota or fungi imperfecti). They form a mycelium and spores by which they become visible macroscopically. Most spores are in the size range of 2 m to 10 m, some up to 30 m and only few up
47、 to 100 m. Spores of some mould genera are small and become airborne very easily (e.g. Aspergillus, Penicillium) while others are bigger and/or embedded in a slime matrix (e.g. Stachybotrys, Fusarium) and less mobile.Mould spores are widely distributed in the outdoor environment and, therefore, occu
48、r in varying concentrations also indoors. Growth of moulds in indoor environments, however, has to be considered a hygienic problem because epidemiological studies have revealed that dampness and/or mould growth in homes and health problems affecting the occupants are closely related.Harmonized methods for sampling, detection and enumeration of moulds including standards for sampling strategies are important for comparative assessment of mould problems indoors. Before doing any measurements a plan for the measurement strategy should be made.This part of ISO 1
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