1、August 2016 English price group 19No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 17.240!%Yln“2547375www.din.deDIN
2、ISO 20785-2Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft Part 2: Characterization of instrument response (ISO 20785-2:2011),English translation of DIN ISO 20785-2:2016-08Dosimetrie zu Expositionen durch kosmische Strahlung in Teil 2: Charakterisierung des Ansprechvermgens von Mess
3、instrumenten (ISO 20785-2:2011),Englische bersetzung von DIN ISO 20785-2:2016-08Dosimtrie del exposition au rayonnement cosmique dansl aviation civile Partie 2: Caractrisation de la rponse des instruments (ISO 20785-2:2011),Traduction anglaise de DIN ISO 20785-2:2016-08www.beuth.deDocument comprises
4、 42 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.08.16Flugzeugen der zivilen Luftfahrt Contents Page Introduction.6 1 Scope7 2 Normative references7 3 Terms and definitions .8 3.1 General terms 8 3.2 Terms related to quantit
5、ies and units .13 3.3 Terms related to the atmospheric radiation field.17 4 General considerations.18 4.1 The cosmic radiation field in the atmosphere18 4.2 General considerations for the dosimetry of the cosmic radiation field in aircraft and requirements for the characterization of instrument resp
6、onse .20 4.3 General considerations for measurements at aviation altitudes .21 5 Calibration fields and procedures .22 5.1 General considerations.22 5.2 Characterization of an instrument .24 5.3 Instrument-related software .27 6 Uncertainties28 7 Remarks on performance tests28 Annex A (informative)
7、Representative particle fluence energy distributions for the cosmic radiation field at flight altitudes for solar minimum and maximum conditions and for minimum and maximum vertical cut-off rigidity 29 Annex B (informative) Radiation fields recommended for use in calibrations.31 Annex C (informative
8、) Comparison measurements 35 Annex D (informative) Charged-particle irradiation facilities37 Bibliography38 DIN ISO 20785-2:2016-08 National foreword .3 National Annex NA (informative) Relationship to European and international documentsNational Annex NB (informative) Bibliography .5 24A comma is us
9、ed as the decimal marker.National foreword International Standard ISO 20785-2:2011 “Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft Part 2: Characterization of instrument response” has been incorporated in this document without modification. This document has been prepared by Techni
10、cal Committee ISO/TC 85 “Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 2 “Radiological protection. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Radiologie (DIN Standards Committee Radiology), Working Committee NA 080-00-01 AA Do
11、simetrie in collaboration with the Deutsche Rntgengesellschaft (German Radiological Society), the Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Nuklearmedizin e. V. (DGN) (German Society of Nuclear Medicine), the Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Medizinische Physik e. V. (DGMP) (German Society for Medical Physics) and the Deuts
12、che Gesellschaft fr Radioonkologie e. V. (DEGRO) (German Society for Radio Oncology). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. DIN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The German docu
13、ments corresponding to the international documents referred to in this standard are listed in National Annex NA. Clause 3 of the German document has been brought in line with the most current standard texts. DIN ISO 20785-2:2016-08 3National Annex NA (informative) Relationship to European and intern
14、ational documents For undated references in the normative text (reference to a document without a date and without reference to a specific subclause, table, figure, etc.), the latest valid edition of the referenced document applies. For dated references in the normative text, only the edition cited
15、applies. The relation between the referenced documents and the respective German documents is shown below. Table NA.1 (1 of 2) European document International document German document - ISO/IEC Guide 98-1 - - ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 - - ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007 - - ISO 4037-1 - - ISO 4037-2 - - ISO 4037-3 -
16、 - ISO 6980-1 - - ISO 8529-1:2001 - - ISO 8529-2 - - ISO 8529-3 - - ISO 12789-1 DIN ISO 12789-1 - ISO 12789-2 DIN ISO 12789-2 - ISO 20785-1 DIN ISO 20785-1a- ISO 20785-2 DIN ISO 20785-2 - ISO 29661 DIN ISO 29661aEN 60846-1 IEC 60846-1 DIN EN 60846-1 (VDE 0492-2-1) - IEC/TR 62461 DIN IEC/TR 62461 (VD
17、E 0493-1000) DIN ISO 20785-2:2016-08 4Table NA.1 (2 of 2) European document International document German document EN 80000-10 ISO 80000-10:2009 DIN EN ISO 80000-10:2013-08 aIn preparation. National Annex NB (informative) Bibliography DIN EN 60846-1 (VDE 0492-2-1), Radiation protection instrumentati
18、on Ambient and/or directional dose equivalent (rate) meters and/or monitors for beta, X and gamma radiation Part 1: Portable workplace and environmental meters and monitors DIN EN ISO 80000-10:2013-08, Quantities and units Part 10: Atomic and nuclear physics (ISO 80000-10:2009) DIN IEC/TR 62461 (VDE
19、 0493-1000), Radiation protection instrumentation Determination of uncertainty in measurement DIN ISO 12789-1, Reference radiation fields Simulated workplace neutron fields Part 1: Characteristics and methods of production DIN ISO 12789-2, Reference radiation fields Simulated workplace neutron field
20、s Part 2: Calibration fundamentals related to the basic quantities DIN ISO 20785-1 (in preparation), Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft Part 1: Conceptual basis for measurements DIN ISO 20785-2 (in preparation), Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian ai
21、rcraft Part 2: Characterization of instrument response ISO 29661 (in preparation), Reference radiation fields for radiation protection Definitions and fundamental concepts DIN ISO 20785-2:2016-08 5Introduction Aircraft crews are exposed to elevated levels of cosmic radiation of galactic and solar or
22、igin and secondary radiation produced in the atmosphere, the aircraft structure and its contents. Following recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection in Publication 601, confirmed by Publication 1032, the European Union (EU) introduced a revised Basic Safety Standard
23、s Directive3which included exposure to natural sources of ionizing radiation, including cosmic radiation, as occupational exposure. The Directive requires account to be taken of the exposure of aircraft crew liable to receive more than 1 mSv per year. It then identifies the following four protection
24、 measures: (i) to assess the exposure of the crew concerned; (ii) to take into account the assessed exposure when organizing working schedules with a view to reducing the doses of highly exposed crew; (iii) to inform the workers concerned of the health risks their work involves; and (iv) to apply th
25、e same special protection during pregnancy to female crew in respect of the “child to be born” as to other female workers. The EU Council Directive has already been incorporated into laws and regulations of EU member states and is being included in the aviation safety standards and procedures of the
26、 Joint Aviation Authorities and the European Air Safety Agency. Other countries, such as Canada and Japan, have issued advisories to their airline industries to manage aircraft crew exposure. For regulatory and legislative purposes, the radiation protection quantities of interest are equivalent dose
27、 (to the foetus) and effective dose. The cosmic radiation exposure of the body is essentially uniform, and the maternal abdomen provides no effective shielding to the foetus. As a result, the magnitude of equivalent dose to the foetus can be put equal to that of the effective dose received by the mo
28、ther. Doses on board aircraft are generally predictable, and events comparable to unplanned exposure in other radiological workplaces cannot normally occur (with the rare exceptions of extremely intense and energetic solar particle events). Personal dosemeters for routine use are not considered nece
29、ssary. The preferred approach for the assessment of doses of aircraft crew, where necessary, is to calculate directly the effective dose per unit time, as a function of geographic location, altitude and solar cycle phase, and to combine these values with flight and staff roster information to obtain
30、 estimates of effective doses for individuals. This approach is supported by guidance from the European Commission and the ICRP in Publication 754. The role of calculations in this procedure is unique in routine radiation protection, and it is widely accepted that the calculated doses should be vali
31、dated by measurement5. Effective dose is not directly measurable. The operational quantity of interest is the ambient dose equivalent, H*(10). In order to validate the assessed doses obtained in terms of effective dose, calculations can be made of ambient dose equivalent rates or route doses in term
32、s of ambient dose equivalent, and values of this quantity determined by measurements traceable to national standards. The validation of calculations of ambient dose equivalent for a particular calculation method may be taken as a validation of the calculation of effective dose by the same computer c
33、ode, but this step in the process might need to be confirmed. The alternative is to establish, a priori, that the operational quantity ambient dose equivalent is a good estimator of effective dose and equivalent dose to the foetus for the radiation fields being considered, in the same way that the u
34、se of the operational quantity personal dose equivalent is justified for the estimation of effective dose for radiation workers. The radiation field in aircraft at altitude is complex, with many types of ionizing radiation present, with energies ranging up to many GeV. The determination of ambient d
35、ose equivalent for such a complex radiation field is difficult. In many cases, the methods used for the determination of ambient dose equivalent in aircraft are similar to those used at high-energy accelerators in research laboratories. Therefore, it is possible to recommend dosimetric methods and m
36、ethods for the calibration of dosimetric devices, as well as the techniques for maintaining the traceability of dosimetric measurements to national standards. Dosimetric measurements made to evaluate ambient dose equivalent need to be performed using accurate and reliable methods that ensure the qua
37、lity of readings provided to workers and regulatory authorities. The purpose of this part of ISO 20785 is to specify procedures for the determination of the responses of instruments in different reference radiation fields, as a basis for proper characterization of instruments used for the determinat
38、ion of ambient dose equivalent in aircraft at altitude. Requirements for the determination and recording of the cosmic radiation exposure of aircraft crew have been introduced into the national legislation of EU member states and other countries. Harmonization of methods DIN ISO 20785-2:2016-08 used
39、 for determining ambient dose equivalent and for calibrating instruments is desirable to ensure the compatibility of measurements performed with such instruments. This part of ISO 20785 is intended for the use of primary and secondary calibration laboratories for ionizing radiation, by radiation pro
40、tection personnel employed by governmental agencies, and by industrial corporations concerned with the determination of ambient dose equivalent for aircraft crew. 6Dosimetry for exposures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft Part 2: Characterization of instrument response 1 Scope This part of IS
41、O 20785 specifies methods and procedures for characterizing the responses of devices used for the determination of ambient dose equivalent for the evaluation of exposure to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft. The methods and procedures are intended to be understood as minimum requirements. 2 Norm
42、ative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC Guide 98-1, Uncertainty
43、of measurement Part 1: Introduction to the expression of uncertainty in measurement ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) ISO 4037-1, X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating dosemeters and doserate meters and f
44、or determining their response as a function of photon energy Part 1: Radiation characteristics and production methods ISO 6980-1, Nuclear energy Reference beta-particle radiation Part 1: Methods of production ISO 8529-1:2001, Reference neutron radiations Part 1: Characteristics and methods of produc
45、tion ISO 12789-1, Reference radiation fields Simulated workplace neutron fields Part 1: Characteristics and methods of production ISO 12789-2, Reference radiation fields Simulated workplace neutron fields Part 2: Calibration fundamentals related to the basic quantities ISO 20785-1, Dosimetry for exp
46、osures to cosmic radiation in civilian aircraft Part 1: Conceptual basis for measurements ISO 29661, Reference radiation fields for radiation protection Definitions and fundamental concepts DIN ISO 20785-2:2016-08 73 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and de
47、finitions apply. 3.1 General terms 3.1.1 angle of radiation incidence angle between the direction of radiation incidence and the reference direction of the instrument 3.1.2 calibration operation that, under specified conditions, establishes a relation between the conventional quantity, H0, and the i
48、ndication, G NOTE 1 A calibration can be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve or calibration table. In some cases, it can consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. NOTE 2 It is impo
49、rtant not to confuse calibration with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “self-calibration”, or with verification of calibration. 3.1.3 calibration coefficient Ncoeffquotient of the conventional quantity value to be measured and the corrected indication of the instrument NOTE 1 The calibration coefficient is equivalent to the calibration factor multiplied by the instrument constant. NOTE 2 The reciprocal of the calibration coefficient, Ncoeff, is the response. NOTE 3 For the calibration of
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