DIN ISO 20816-1-2017 Mechanical vibration - Measurement and evaluation of machine vibration - Part 1 General guidelines (ISO 20816-1 2016)《机械振动 机械振动的测量和评估 第1部分 通用指南(ISO 20816-1-201.pdf

1、March 2017 English price group 17No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 17.160!%c,#“2640900www.din.deDIN I

2、SO 20816-1Mechanical vibration Measurement and evaluation of machine vibration Part 1: General guidelines (ISO 208161:2016),English translation of DIN ISO 20816-1:2017-03Mechanische Schwingungen Messung und Bewertung der Schwingungen von Maschinen Teil 1: Allgemeine Anleitungen (ISO 208161:2016),Eng

3、lische bersetzung von DIN ISO 20816-1:2017-03Vibrations mcaniques Mesurage et valuation des vibrations de machines Partie 1: Lignes directrices gnrales (ISO 208161:2016),Traduction anglaise de DIN ISO 20816-1:2017-03SupersedesDIN ISO 79191:199708,DIN ISO 108161:199708 andDIN ISO 108161/A1:201006www.

4、beuth.deDocument comprises 42 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.03.17 Introduction 81 Scope . 92 Normative references 93 Terms and definitions . 94 Measurements 104.1 General 104.1.1 Overview 104.1.2 Vibration mea

5、surements . 104.1.3 Frequency range 104.2 Types of measurements . 104.2.1 Vibration measurements on non-rotating parts . 104.2.2 Relative shaft vibration measurements 104.2.3 Absolute shaft vibration measurements 114.3 Measurement parameters 114.3.1 Measurement quantities 114.3.2 Vibration magnitude

6、 124.3.3 Vibration severity . 124.4 Measuring positions 124.4.1 Positions for measurements on non-rotating parts . 124.4.2 Positions for measurements on rotating shafts . 154.5 Machine support structure for acceptance testing . 174.5.1 General. 174.5.2 In-situ tests 174.5.3 In a test facility .184.6

7、 Machine operating conditions 184.7 Evaluation of vibration from other sources 185 Instrumentation .186 Evaluation criteria .196.1 General 196.1.1 Overview 196.1.2 Types of measurement on rotating shafts 196.2 Factors affecting evaluation criteria 206.3 Types of evaluation criteria 206.3.1 General.

8、206.3.2 Criterion I: Vibration magnitude at rated speed under steady operation conditions .206.3.3 Criterion II: Change in vibration magnitude .246.4 Operational limits 246.4.1 General. 246.4.2 Setting of ALARMS .256.4.3 Setting of TRIPS .256.5 Additional factors 256.5.1 Vibration frequencies and ve

9、ctors .256.5.2 Vibration sensitivity of the machine 256.5.3 Techniques for rolling element bearings .26Contents PageNational foreword 4 National Annex (informative) Bibliography 5 .A comma is used as the decimal marker.DIN ISO 20816-1:2017-03 2 Annex D (informative) Vector analysis of change in vibr

10、ation .39Bibliography .41Annex A (informative) Explanation of measurement quantities .27Annex B (informative) Techniques for detection of problems in rolling element bearings 34Annex C (informative) Guidelines for specification of evaluation criteria for vibration measured on non-rotating parts and

11、rotating shafts 36DIN ISO 20816-1:2017-03 3 National foreword The text of ISO 20816-1:2016 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108 “Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring”, Subcommittee SC 2 “Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock as applied to machine

12、s, vehicles and structures” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany), under German leadership of this project. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Akustik, Lrmminderung und Schwingungstechnik im DIN und VDI (DIN and VDI Standards Committee Acoustics, Noise Control and

13、Vibration Engineering), Working Committee NA 001-03-03-03 (NALS/VDI C 3) Messung und Beurteilung von Maschinenschwingungen. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. DIN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or a

14、ll such patent rights. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 2954 DIN ISO 2954 ISO 5348 DIN ISO 5348 ISO 10817-1 DIN ISO 10817-1 standards series ISO 7919 standards series DIN ISO 7919 standards series ISO 10816 standards seri

15、es DIN ISO 10816 standards series ISO 13373 standards series DIN ISO 13373 standards series ISO 15242 standards series DIN ISO 15242 ISO/TR 19201 DIN ISO 10816 Supplement 1 standards series ISO 20816 standards series DIN ISO 20816 standards series ISO 21940 standards series DIN ISO 21940 IEC 60034-1

16、4 DIN EN 60034-14 (VDE 0530-14) The German Standards are given in National Annex NA. ISO 20816 consists of the following parts, under the general title Mechanical vibration Measurement and evaluation of machine vibration: Part 1: General guidelines 1) Part 2: Land-based gas turbines, steam turbines

17、and generators in excess of 40 MW, with fluid-film bearings and rated speeds of 1 500 r/min, 1 800 r/min, 3 000 r/min and 3 600 r/min 2) Part 5: Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pump-storage plants 3)1)ISO 7919-1:1996, ISO 10816-1:1995 and ISO 10816-1:1995/Amd.1:2009 have been revised

18、and combined. 2)ISO 7919-2:2009 and ISO 10816-2:2009 have been revised and combined. 3)ISO 7919-5:2005 and ISO 10816-5:2000 have been revised and combined. DIN ISO 20816-1:2017-03 4 Rationale for A.2.2.4 In principle, the following applies: max SA(pp), SB(p-p) S(p-p)max 2 Smax. According to previous

19、 experience, the equation max SA(pp), SB(p-p) = 1,85 Smaxprovides an approximation which is suitable for most orbits of shaft, particularly if orbits are not closed. Smaxis a maximum value shaft vibration relating to the orbit. Thus, information on the time-integrated mean position of the vitration

20、is not necessary. Smaxcan nowadays be determined by microprocess-equipped instruments only using the AC voltage components of the signals of the transducers A and B. The additionally calculated mean value (mean position) is used to set the nominal distance of the transducer and to control the radial

21、 position of the shaft with regard to changes in the load on the bearing, the misalignment and rubbing against the rotor. Amendments This standard differs from DIN ISO 7919-1:1997-08, DIN ISO 10816-1:1997-08 and DIN ISO 10816-1/A2:2010-06 as follows: a) the content of DIN EN 7919-1:1997-08, ISO 1081

22、6-1:08 and OIML R 10816-1:2010 has been revised and combined; b) typical measuring points at the machine housing have been revised; c) normative references have been updated. Previous editions DIN ISO 3945: 1982-02 DIN EN ISO 7919-1: 1997-08 DIN EN ISO 10816-1: 1997-08 DIN ISO 10816-1/A1: 2010-06 Na

23、tional Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN 60034-14 (VDE 0530-14), Rotating electrical machines Part 14: Mechanical vibration of certain machines with shaft heights 56 mm and higher Measurement, evaluation and limits of vibration severity DIN ISO 2954, Mechanical vibration of rotating and rec

24、iprocating machinery Requirements for instruments for measuring vibration severity DIN ISO 5348, Mechanical vibration and shock Mechanical mounting of accelerometers DIN ISO 20816-1:2017-03 5 DIN ISO 7919-2, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on rotating shafts Part

25、 2: Land-based steam turbines and generators in excess of 50 MW with normal operating speeds of 1 500 min1, 1 800 min1, 3 000 min1and 3 600 min1DIN ISO 7919-3, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on rotating shafts Part 3: Coupled industrial machines DIN ISO 7919-4,

26、Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on rotating shafts Part 4: Gas turbine sets with fluid-film bearings DIN ISO 7919-5, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on rotating shafts Part 5: Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pum

27、ping plants DIN ISO 10816-2, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 2: Land-based steam turbines and generators in excess of 50 MW with normal operating speeds of 1 500 min1, 1 800 min1, 3 000 min1and 3 600 min1DIN ISO 10816-3, Mechanical vibr

28、ation Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 3: Industrial machines with nominal power above 15 kW and nominal speeds between 120 min1and 15 000 min1when measured in situ DIN ISO 10816-4, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-

29、rotating parts Part 4: Gas turbine sets with fluid-film bearings DIN ISO 10816-6, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 6: Reciprocating machines with power ratings above 100 kW DIN ISO 10816-7, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibr

30、ation by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 7: Rotodynamic pumps for industrial applications, including measurements on rotating shafts DIN ISO 10816-8, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 8: Reciprocating compressor systems DIN ISO 10

31、816 Supplement 1, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Supplement 1: Methodology for selecting machinery vibration standards, including the shaft vibration DIN ISO 10817-1, Rotating shaft vibration measuring systems Part 1: Relative and absolute

32、sensing of radial vibration DIN ISO 13373-1, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Vibration condition monitoring Part 1: General procedures DIN ISO 13373-2, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Vibration condition monitoring Part 2: Processing, analysis and presentation of vi

33、bration data DIN ISO 13373-3, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Vibration condition monitoring Part 3: Guidelines for vibration diagnosis DIN ISO 13373-9, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Vibration condition monitoring Part 9: Diagnostic techniques for electric motors*

34、)*)At present at draft stage. DIN ISO 20816-1:2017-03 6 DIN ISO 15242-1, Rolling bearings Measuring methods for vibration Part 1: Fundamentals DIN ISO 15242-2, Rolling bearings Measuring methods for vibration Part 2: Radial ball bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface DIN ISO 15242-3, Rol

35、ling bearings Measuring methods for vibration Part 3: Radial double-row spherical and tapered roller bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface DIN ISO 15242-4, Rolling bearings Measuring methods for vibration Part 4: Radial cylindrical roller bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surfa

36、ce DIN ISO 20816-2, Mechanical vibration Measurement and evaluation of machine vibration Part 2: Land-based gas turbines, steam turbines and generators in excess of 40 MW, with fluid-film bearings and rated speeds of 1500 r/min, 1800 r/min, 3000 r/min and 3600 r/min DIN ISO 20816-5, Mechanical vibra

37、tion Measurement and evaluation of machine vibration Part 5: Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pump-storage plants DIN ISO 21940-11, Mechanical vibration Rotor balancing Part 11: Procedures and tolerances for rotors with rigid behaviour DIN ISO 21940-12, Mechanical vibration Rotor balan

38、cing Part 12: Procedures and tolerances for rotors with flexible behaviour DIN ISO 21940-12 Supplement 1, Mechanical vibration Rotor balancing Part 12: Procedures and tolerances for rotors with flexible behaviour Supplement 1: Procedure for balancing at multiple rotational speeds DIN ISO 21940-13, M

39、echanical vibration Rotor balancing Part 13: Criteria and safeguards for the in-situ balancing of medium and large rotors DIN ISO 21940-14, Mechanical vibration Rotor balancing Part 14: Procedures for assessing balance errors DIN ISO 21940-21, Mechanical vibration Rotor balancing Part 21: Descriptio

40、n and evaluation of balancing machines DIN ISO 21940-23, Mechanical vibration Rotor balancing Part 23: Enclosures and other protective measures for the measuring station of balancing machines DIN ISO 21940-32, Mechanical vibration Rotor balancing Part 32: Shaft and fitment key convention DIN ISO 208

41、16-1:2017-03 7 IntroductionMachines are now being operated at increasingly high rotational speeds and loads, as well as more flexible operation at part and full load, and under increasingly severe operating conditions. This has become possible, to a large extent, by the more efficient use of materia

42、ls, although this has sometimes resulted in there being less margin for design and application errors.At present, it is not uncommon for continuous operation to be expected and required for 2 years or 3 years between maintenance operations. Consequently, more restrictive requirements are being speci

43、fied for operating vibration values of rotating machinery, in order to ensure continued safe and reliable operation.This document is a basic document which establishes general guidelines for the measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration of machinery, as measured on rotating and on non-rotat

44、ing (and, where applicable, non-reciprocating) parts of complete machines, such as shafts or bearing housings. Recommendations for measurements and evaluation criteria pertaining to specific machine types are provided in additional parts of ISO 20816 as they become available as a replacement of the

45、relevant parts of ISO 7919 and ISO 10816. ISO/TR 19201 gives an overview over these and further machinery vibration standards.For some machines, measurements made on non-rotating parts are sufficient to characterize adequately their running conditions with respect to trouble-free operation. There ar

46、e also types of machine, such as steam turbines, gas turbines and turbo compressors, all of which can have several modes of vibration in the service speed range, for which measurements on structural members, such as the bearing housings, might not adequately characterize the running condition of the

47、 machine, although such measurements are useful. Such machines generally contain flexible rotor shaft systems, and changes in the vibration condition can be detected more decisively and more sensitively by measurements on the rotating elements. Machines having relatively stiff and/or heavy casings in comparison to rotor mass are typical of those classes of machines for which shaft vibration measurements are frequently preferred.Vibration measurements are used for a