DIN ISO 2965-2012 Materials used as cigarette papers filter plug wrap and filter joining paper including materials having a discrete or oriented permeable zone and materials with bf.pdf

1、July 2012 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 15No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 8

2、5.080.99!$|+“1899808www.din.deDDIN ISO 2965Materials used as cigarette papers, filter plug wrap and filter joiningpaper, including materials having a discrete or oriented permeable zoneand materials with bands of differing permeability Determination of air permeability (ISO 2965:2009)English transla

3、tion of DIN ISO 2965:2012-07Materialien fr Zigarettenpapiere, Filterstabumhllungen und Mundstckbelagpapiereinschlielich Materialien mit diskreter oder orientierter Zonenperforation und Materialienmit Bndern unterschiedlicher Durchlssigkeit Bestimmung der Luftdurchlssigkeit (ISO 2965:2009)Englische b

4、ersetzung von DIN ISO 2965:2012-07Matriaux utiliss comme papier cigarettes, pour le gainage des filtres et comme papiermanchette, y compris les matriaux possdant une zone permable discrte ou orienteet les matriaux bandes de permabilit diverses Dtermination de la permabilit lair (ISO 2965:2009)Traduc

5、tion anglaise de DIN ISO 2965:2012-07SupersedesDIN ISO 2965:2000-01www.beuth.deDocument comprises 2 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.306.12 A comma is used as the decimal marker. Contents Page Introduction 5 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 6

6、3 Terms and definitions. 6 4 Principle. 7 5 Apparatus 10 6 Sampling 10 7 Procedure 10 7.1 General. 10 7.2 Leak check of the test piece holder 10 7.3 Preparation of test pieces 10 7.4 Calibration . 10 7.5 Insertion of a test piece 11 7.6 Measurement. 12 8 Expression of results . 13 9 Precision 14 9.1

7、 Repeatability 14 9.2 Reproducibility 14 9.3 Results of an international collaborative study (Study 1) 14 9.4 Statistical discussion of r and R results for Study 1. 15 9.5 Results of an international collaborative study (Study 2) 16 9.6 Statistical discussion of r and R results for Study 2. 17 10 Te

8、st report . 17 Annex A (normative) Leak testing of test piece holder 21 Annex B (normative) Calibration of air permeability standards and air permeability measuring instruments . 21 Annex C (informative) Determination of relevant surface leakage of test piece in the test piece holder . 25 Annex D (i

9、nformative) Flow of air through porous materials 27 Annex E (informative) Compensation of calibration standards 29 Bibliography . 32 DIN ISO 2965:2012-07 2National foreword3National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography . 4National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC

10、 126 “Tobacco and tobacco products” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany), Subcommittee SC 1 “Physical and dimensional tests” (Secretariat: AFNOR, France). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Lebensmittel und landwirtschaftliche Produkte (Food and Agricultural Produ

11、cts Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 057-04-01 AA Tabak und Tabakerzeugnisse. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. DIN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The DIN Stand

12、ards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in Clause 2 are as follows: ISO 187 DIN EN 20187 ISO 3402 DIN ISO 3402 Amendments This standard differs from DIN ISO 2965:2000-01 as follows: a) the title and the scope have been extended, the standard is now also applicable to materials

13、having a discrete or oriented permeable zone and to materials with bands of differing air permeability; b) terms and definitions for the different papers have been included; c) Subclause 5.1 has been revised to include two different test piece holders; d) Subclause 9.5 “Results of an international c

14、ollaborative study (Study 2)” and Subclause 9.6 “Statistical discussion of r and R results for Study 2” have been included; e) Subclause B.6 “Calibration certificate” has been included; f) Annex E “Compensation of calibration standards” has been added; g) the standard has been revised in form and su

15、bstance and brought in line with the current rules of presentation. Previous editions DIN 10247: 1992-09 DIN ISO 2965: 1982-03, 2000-01 DIN ISO 2965:2012-07 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN 20187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and proced

16、ure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples DIN ISO 3402, Tobacco and tobacco products Atmosphere for conditioning and testing DIN ISO 2965:2012-07 4Introduction Measurements of air permeability of materials used as cigarette papers have been made for many years. The methods have r

17、equired development and change because of the changing nature of the paper products and changes in the magnitude of their air permeability. This method has been developed with the technical resources of CORESTA (Cooperative Centre for Research Relative to Tobacco). Materials used as cigarette papers

18、, filter plug wrap and filter joining paper, including materials having a discrete or oriented permeable zone and materials with bands of differing permeability Determination of air permeability DIN ISO 2965:2012-07 5 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of ai

19、r permeability (AP). It is applicable to materials used as cigarette papers, filter plug wrap and filter joining paper, including materials having an oriented permeable zone or discrete permeable zones where the measured permeability is in excess of 10 cm3.(min1.cm2) at 1 kPa. In addition, it is app

20、licable to banded cigarette papers, with bands of width W 4 mm. NOTE For an estimate of the air permeability of materials outside the scope of this International Standard, see Note 2 in 5.1.2 and Note 3 in 7.6.1. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the app

21、lication of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the

22、 atmosphere and conditioning of samples ISO 3402, Tobacco and tobacco products Atmosphere for conditioning and testing 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 air permeability AP flow of air, measured in cubic centimetres per minute,

23、passing through 1 cm2surface of the test piece at a measuring pressure of 1,00 kPa NOTE The air permeability units are cm3(min1cm2) at 1 kPa. 3.2 measuring pressure difference in pressure across the two faces of the test piece during the measurement DIN ISO 2965:2012-07 63.3 leakage air flow uninten

24、tionally aspirated from the surrounding atmosphere or escaping into it through the sealing surface of the test piece holder and elsewhere 3.4 paper with uniformly distributed permeability standard paper paper with natural air permeability only 3.5 paper with oriented permeable zone paper that has a

25、continuous zone of higher air permeability obtained through perforation 3.6 paper with discrete permeable zone paper that has higher air permeability obtained through perforation in discrete areas 3.7 banded paper paper with bands of different air permeability NOTE Papers of this type normally have

26、bands with permeability significantly lower than that of the base paper. 3.8 special paper paper with modified air permeability NOTE Papers of this type include those defined in paragraphs 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7. 4 Principle A test piece is held in a suitable device. A pressure difference is applied acros

27、s the test piece. The resultant flow of air through the test piece is measured. The principle of measurement is illustrated in Figure 1. DIN ISO 2965:2012-07 7 Key 1 air stream 5 inner surface 2 perforated zone (if present) 6 outer surface 3 test piece 7 air stream 4 test surface of area (2 cm2) aPr

28、essure difference. cLow pressure. bHigh pressure. dDirection of air flow. Figure 1 Principle of measurement The air flow through the test piece may be produced by applying a positive or negative pressure to one side of the test piece. The direction of air flow through the test piece shall be that wh

29、ich would occur when the sample is used in the finished product, where known, i.e. from the outside face towards the inside face. If the air flow is produced by a positive pressure, the apparatus used should incorporate a filter which protects the test sample from contamination by oil, water and par

30、ticles. NOTE 1 With certain materials, the flow through the test piece can exhibit a non-linear relationship with the applied pressure drop. Thus the air flow through the test piece is determined at two pressure differences to establish whether the flow/pressure relationship across the paper is line

31、ar or non-linear. If it is non-linear, a second measurement of air flow is recorded at 0,25 kPa to fully characterize the material. NOTE 2 Depending upon whether the volumetric air flow rate is measured up-stream or down-stream of the test piece, a difference of approximately 1 % of the flow rate ca

32、n exist either side of the theoretical value at the centre of the test piece. DIN ISO 2965:2012-07 85 Apparatus 5.1 Test piece holder, for clamping the test piece, free from leaks. 5.1.1 For papers with uniformly distributed permeability and those with oriented or discrete permeable zones: the test

33、piece holder has a rectangular surface area of 2,00 cm2 0,02 cm2with corner radii no greater than 0,1 cm. The long side, L, shall have a length of 2,000 cm 0,005 cm (see Figure 2). 5.1.2 For bands of differing permeability: the test piece holder has a rectangular surface area of 0,30 cm2 0,01 cm2. T

34、he short side shall have a length of 2,00 mm 0,05 mm see 7.5.6 and Figure 3 d). NOTE 1 The positioning of the test piece holder on the test piece differs for different types of papers (see 7.5 and Figures 2 and 3). NOTE 2 An estimate of the air permeability of other speciality papers, outside the sc

35、ope of this International Standard, may be required. In this case, specialized test piece holders with different surface areas might be necessary. Key 1 test piece 2 measurement surface area of test piece holder L is the long side of the test surface (see 5.1.1) W is the width of the test surface aC

36、entreline of test piece. Figure 2 Positioning of test pieces for materials with uniformly distributed permeability 5.2 Pneumatic controller, to produce an air flow at a given but adjustable pressure difference between the two mating faces of the test piece holder. 5.3 Pressure gauge, suitable for me

37、asuring pressure differences to at least 0,001 kPa, having a relative error of no more than 2 % of the measured value within the measuring range. 5.4 Flow meter, suitable for measuring the air flow with a relative error no greater than 5 % of the measured value within the measuring range. 5.5 Condit

38、ioning enclosure, capable of maintaining the conditions given in ISO 187 (but see 7.3). DIN ISO 2965:2012-07 9 6 Sampling Take a sample that is representative, on a statistical basis, of the population to be characterized. Samples shall be free of visible defects and creases that may impair measurem

39、ent performance. 7 Procedure 7.1 General Since the pressure versus flow relationship of many papers is not linear, this procedure should be followed closely to allow proper comparison of results. If it is necessary to deviate from this procedure in any way (for example, to use a non-standard size of

40、 test piece holder or to modify the positioning of the test piece holder, due to sample dimensions) then this shall be noted in the Test Report see 7.5 and 10 d). 7.2 Leak check of the test piece holder Follow the procedure given in Annex A. Perform a leak check daily, prior to use. Air leaks betwee

41、n the mating faces of the test piece holder shall not be greater than 2,0 cm3.min1. Some users require determination of the effect of surface leakage through particular papers that contribute to the measured flow. In this case, if a value for leakage with the test piece in place is required, the pro

42、cedure given in Annex C may be used. This should be determined and referred to in the test report. 7.3 Preparation of test pieces Select at random from the sample, taken in accordance with Clause 6, the number of test pieces required for the test plus an additional three test pieces to be used as de

43、scribed in 7.6.1, Note 2. If necessary make the test pieces suitable for testing (cut to the required dimensions, eliminate folds, seams, etc.). Condition the test pieces, prior to measurement, in a conditioning enclosure set in accordance with ISO 187. Samples shall be held such that the conditioni

44、ng air has free access to all their surfaces. IMPORTANT In laboratories unable to use the conditions given in ISO 187, the conditions given in ISO 3402 may be used. In these cases, a note shall be included with the test report. NOTE Complete sample bobbins, where it is not possible to expose all sur

45、faces to the conditioning atmosphere, might require an extended period of conditioning. The time required should be determined by practice and experience. The period of time for conditioning is not given in this International Standard but the period of time retained should be reported with the resul

46、ts. 7.4 Calibration Calibrate the instrument using the calibration standards and procedure referred to in Annex B. DIN ISO 2965:2012-07 107.5 Insertion of a test piece 7.5.1 General All papers shall be placed in the test piece holder so that the measuring air will travel from the outside face toward

47、s the inside face of the paper as it is applied in the construction of the finished product, where this is known. The positioning of the test pieces in the test piece holder is illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 (see also 5.1). 7.5.2 Materials with uniformly distributed permeability Place in such a way that, if possible, the centre of the smaller dimension, W, of the test surface is at the centre of the width of the test piece (see Figure 2). 7.5.3 Materials with a narrow and oriented permeable z