1、ECMA-378 1stEdition / May 2007 Information Interchange on Read-Only Memory Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD-ROM) Capacity: 100 Gbytes per disk Ecma International Rue du Rhne 114 CH-1204 Geneva T/F: +41 22 849 6000/01 www.ecma-international.orgF ECMA 378 Information Interchange on Read-Only Memory Hol
2、ographic Versatile Disc (HVD-ROM) Capacity: 100 Gbytes per disk Standard ECMA-378 1stEdition / May 2007 NOTIFICATION AND DISCLAIMER Ecma international draws attention to the possibility that the practice, use or implementation of this Ecma Standard or of parts thereof may involve the use of one or m
3、ore Intellectual Property Rights, in particular such as a patent or a patent application. Ecma International takes no position concerning the existence, evidence, scope of protection, validity or applicability of any or all of such Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by Ecma International
4、 members or others outside of the Ecma Standard development process worldwide. In particular, Ecma International does not identify any or all of such Intellectual Property Rights, does not evaluate the scope of protection and validity of any or all of such Intellectual Property Rights, and does not
5、evaluate the question whether the practice, use or implementation of this Ecma Standard or of parts thereof does or does not make use of any or all of such Intellectual Property Rights. Furthermore, Ecma International does not assume under any circumstances any responsibility in this respect. Ecma I
6、nternational informs that as of the date of approval of this Standard, Ecma International has received notice of Intellectual Property Rights. Implementers and users are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information which is available and are therefore strongly urged to consult the Ec
7、ma International website for further information. Introduction In October 2004 a group of Companies, known as the HVD Alliance, proposed to Ecma to develop a standard for the first member of a family of holographic media. Ecma adopted this project and Ecma Technical Committee TC44 was established fo
8、r the standardization of holographic media. This Standard ECMA-378 is the first standard for a read-only holographic disk. This Ecma Standard has been adopted by the General Assembly in May 2007. - i -Table of contents Section 1 - General 11 Scope 12 Conformance 12.1 Holographic disk 12.2 Generating
9、 system 12.3 Receiving system 12.4 Compatibility statement 1 3 References 24 Definitions 24.1 asymmetry 24.2 case 24.3 clamping zone 24.4 cover layer 24.5 Data Page 24.6 Data Page hologram 2 4.7 Data Page hologram pitch 2 4.8 data reading beam 24.9 data reading energy 24.10 disk reference plane 2 4.
10、11 entrance surface 24.12 Error Correction Code (ECC) 3 4.13 format 34.14 hologram track 34.15 holographic disk 34.16 holographic storage layer 3 4.17 packet 34.18 pit 34.19 pit layer 34.20 pit track 34.21 pixel 34.22 Read Only Memory (ROM) disk 3 4.23 Reed-Solomon code 34.24 Reference Drive 3- ii -
11、 4.25 Reference Pattern 34.26 Specific Disk Information (SDI) 3 4.27 spindle 34.28 Sub-Page 34.29 substrate 44.30 symbol 44.31 Sync Mark 44.32 track 44.33 track pitch 44.34 tracking/addressing beam 4 4.35 tracking/addressing reading power 4 4.36 User data Zone 44.37 zone 45 Conventions and notations
12、 4 5.1 Representation of numbers 4 5.2 Names 46 Acronyms 57 General description 58 General requirement 58.1 Environments 58.1.1 Operating environment 5 8.1.2 Storage environment 5 8.1.3 Transportation 68.2 Temperature shock 68.3 Safety requirements 68.4 Flammability 69 Reference Drive 69.1 Optical s
13、ystem 69.2 Tracking and Addressing Channel 8 9.2.1 Tracking/addressing beam 8 9.2.2 Tracking/Addressing/SDI signals 8 9.3 Data Holographic Reading Channel 8 9.3.1 Reading beam 89.3.2 Reference Pattern 9 9.3.3 Photodetector array 10 9.4 Conditions for measuring the operational signals 10 9.4.1 Tracki
14、ng, Addressing, Specific Disk Information 10 - iii - 9.4.2 Data reading 11 9.4.3 Normalized servo transfer functions 11 9.4.4 Rotation of the disk 11 Section 2 - Mechanical and physical characteristics 11 10 Dimensional, mechanical, and physical characteristics of the disk 11 10.1 General descriptio
15、n of the disk 11 10.2 Reference axis and plane of the disk 12 10.3 Dimensions of the disk 12 10.4 Clamping Zone 12 10.5 Mechanical characteristics 13 10.5.1 Material 13 10.5.2 Mass 13 10.5.3 Moment of inertia 13 10.5.4 Imbalance 13 10.5.5 Axial deflection 13 10.5.6 Axial acceleration 13 10.5.7 Radia
16、l runout 13 10.5.8 Radial acceleration 13 10.5.9 Tilt 14 10.6 Optical characteristics 14 10.6.1 Substrate 14 10.6.2 Metadata layer 14 10.6.3 Gap layer 1 14 10.6.4 Dichroic mirror layer 14 10.6.5 Gap layer 2 14 10.6.6 Holographic storage layer 14 10.6.7 Cover layer 14 10.6.8 Thicknesses of the stack
17、of layers 14 10.6.9 Birefringence of the stack of layers 16 11 Interface between disk and drive 16 11.1 Clamping method 16 11.2 Tapered cone for disk clamping 16 11.3 Clamping force 16 Section 3 - Format of information 16 12 General description 16 13 Tracking and addressing information format / Spec
18、ific Disk Information format 16 13.1 Pit track pitch 16 - iv - 13.2 Pit track format 17 13.2.1 Sector 17 13.2.2 Header 17 13.2.3 Sync 22 13.2.4 Tracking data 22 13.2.5 Land 22 13.3 Specific Disk Information (SDI) 22 13.3.1 SDI bytes encoding 23 13.4 Radial alignment 23 14 Data information format 23
19、14.1 Data Page holograms layout in the storage layer 23 14.1.1 Radial Data Page hologram pitch 23 14.1.2 Data Page hologram layout within tracks 24 14.1.3 Zones / Tangential Data Page hologram pitch / Number of Data Page holograms per Peapod 24 14.2 Data Page encoding 25 14.2.1 User data 25 14.2.2 H
20、eader 26 14.2.3 Footer 26 14.2.4 ECC 26 14.2.5 Scrambling 27 14.3 Digital to image conversion 27 14.3.1. 8 bits to 16 bits conversion 27 14.3.2 Symbol/Sub-Page 28 14.4 Data Page hologram - Reference Pattern 30 15 Division of the Formatted Zone 30 15.1 General description of the Formatted Zone 30 15.
21、2 Content/usage of the Formatted Zone 30 15.2.1 Zone 0 Lead-in Zone / Buffer Zone 1 / Test Zone / Buffer Zone 2 31 15.2.2 Zones 1 to 15 - User data Zone 31 15.2.3 Zone 16 - Lead-out Zone 31 Section 4 - Characteristics of the tracking/addressing and SDI information 32 16 Method of testing 32 16.1 Env
22、ironment 32 16.2 Use of the Reference Drive 32 16.2.1 Optics and mechanics 32 16.2.2 Tracking/addressing beam power 32 16.2.3 Tracking requirements 32 16.3 Definition of signals 32 - v -17 Signal requirements 33 17.1 Reflectivity 33 17.2 Normalized Push Pull signal 33 17.3 Modulation 34 17.4 Resolut
23、ion 34 17.5 4Ttop modulation 34 17.6 Asymmetry 34 17.6.1 Asymmetry (4T - 2T) 34 17.6.2 Asymmetry (16T - 4T) 34 17.7 Jitter 34 17.8 Phase depth 34 Section 5 - Characteristics of user data 35 18 User data Method of testing 35 18.1 Environment 35 18.2 Reference Drive 35 18.2.1 Optics and mechanics 35 1
24、8.2.2 Tracking/addressing reading power 35 18.2.3 Data reading energy 35 18.2.4 Tracking requirements 35 18.2.5 Relative positioning of the focus of the data reading beam and the tracking/addressing beam 35 18.2.6 Data detection for testing purposes 35 19 Minimum quality of a Data Page 35 19.1 Readi
25、ng energy damage 36 20 Data interchange requirements 36 20.1 Tracking 36 20.2 Stored data 36 20.3 User-read data 36 Annex A (normative) Measurement of light reflectance 37 Annex B (normative) Measurement of birefringence 39 Annex C (normative) Tapered cone for disk clamping 43 Annex D (normative) Sp
26、ecific Disk Information 45 Annex E (normative) ECC 47 - vi - Annex F (normative) 16 bits to Symbols conversion look-up table 51 Annex G (normative) Finalizing data 67 Annex H (normative) Tracking/Addressing and Data Reading Channels characteristics 69 Annex I (normative) Asymmetry measuring definiti
27、on 73 Annex J (informative) Office environment 75 Annex K (informative) Transportation 77 Annex L (informative) Track deviation measurement 79 - 1 -Section 1 - General 1 Scope This Ecma Standard specifies the mechanical, physical, and optical characteristics of a holographic disk that employs hologr
28、aphic storage to enable data interchange between such disks. The disk is of the ROM (Read Only Memory) type providing for stored data to be read a multiplicity of times. The 120 mm diameter disk has a nominal capacity of 100 Gigabytes. This Ecma Standard specifies - the conditions for conformance te
29、sting and the Reference Drive; - the environments in which the disks are to be operated and stored; - the mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics of the disk so as to provide mechanical interchangeability between data processing systems; - the format of the information on the disk, incl
30、uding the physical disposition of the tracks and data pages, the error correction codes, the modulation methods used; - the characteristics of the embossed information on the disk; - the characteristics of the holographic information on the disk; - the minimum quality of stored data on the disk, ena
31、bling data processing systems to read data from the disk. This Ecma Standard provides for interchange between holographic disk drives. Together with a standard for volume and file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems. The disks specified by this Ecma Stand
32、ard may be enclosed in cases according to Standard ECMA-375 as specified therein. 2 Conformance 2.1 Holographic disk A holographic disk shall be in conformance with this Ecma Standard if it meets all mandatory requirements specified therein. 2.2 Generating system A system generating a holographic di
33、sk for interchange shall be in conformance with this Ecma Standard if it meets the mandatory requirements of this Ecma Standard. 2.3 Receiving system A system receiving a holographic disk for interchange shall be in conformance with this Ecma Standard if it is able to process any stored data on the
34、disk according to 2.1. 2.4 Compatibility statement A claim of conformance with this Ecma Standard shall include a statement listing any other disk standard supported by the system for which conformance is claimed. This statement shall specify the number of the standard(s), including, where appropria
35、te, the disk type(s), and whether support includes reading only or both reading and writing. - 2 -3 References The following Standards contain provisions, which through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Ecma Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. A
36、ll standards are subjected to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Ecma Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the following Standards. ECMA-287 (2002) Safety of electronic equipment ECMA-328 (2001) Detection and measurement of chem
37、ical emissions from electronic equipment ECMA-375 (2006) Case for 120 mm HVD-ROM disks 4 Definitions For the purpose of this Ecma Standard the following definitions apply. 4.1 asymmetry The deviation between the centre levels of signals generated by two distinct repeating pit and land patterns. 4.2
38、case The housing that may protect the disk. 4.3 clamping zone The annular part of the disk within which the clamping force is applied by the clamping device. 4.4 cover layer A transparent layer of the disk, which protects other layers. 4.5 Data Page A two-dimensional representation of data. 4.6 Data
39、 Page hologram A hologram storing a Data Page. 4.7 Data Page hologram pitch The distance between adjacent Data Page hologram centres in the holographic storage layer, measured in the radial direction (radial Data Page hologram pitch) or in the tangential direction (tangential Data Page hologram pitc
40、h). 4.8 data reading beam The beam used to reconstruct the image recorded in the stored hologram. 4.9 data reading energy The optical energy, incident at the entrance surface of the disk, of the hologram reading beam. 4.10 disk reference plane A plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of
41、 an ideal spindle onto which the clamping zone of the disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation. 4.11 entrance surface The surface of the disk onto which the optical beams first impinge. - 3 -4.12 Error Correction Code (ECC) An error-detecting code designed to correct certain kind
42、s of errors in data. 4.13 format The arrangement or layout of information on the disk. The annular area on the disk bearing the format is the Formatted Zone. 4.14 hologram track Track in the storage layer that contains or may contain holograms. 4.15 holographic disk A disk that will accept and retai
43、n information in a holographic storage layer. 4.16 holographic storage layer A layer of the disk in which data is stored in the form of holograms. The holographic storage layer may actually consist of a multiple layer stack of different materials or composite materials. 4.17 packet A group of bytes/
44、bits processed together during data encoding/decoding. 4.18 pit A local depression used to store data information. 4.19 pit layer A layer of the disk bearing pits. 4.20 pit track Track in the pit layer that contains pits. 4.21 pixel The smallest independent element of an image. 4.22 Read Only Memory
45、 (ROM) disk A disk which can be only read. 4.23 Reed-Solomon code An error detection and/or correction code which is particularly suited to the correction of errors that occur in bursts or are strongly correlated. 4.24 Reference Drive A drive with well defined properties used to test conformance to
46、the Standard of the read parameters of the disk. 4.25 Reference Pattern A light pattern used to generate the Data Page hologram, and reconstitute its image content. 4.26 Specific Disk Information (SDI) Manufacturing information recorded on the disk. 4.27 spindle The part of the disk drive that conta
47、cts the disk. 4.28 Sub-Page A subdivision of a Data Page. - 4 -4.29 substrate A layer of the disk provided for mechanical support of other layers. 4.30 symbol An encoding data unit of Data Page. 4.31 Sync Mark A pattern of data pixels used for synchronization of Page data. 4.32 track A path that is
48、followed by the focus of an optical beam during exactly one revolution of the disk. 4.33 track pitch The distance between adjacent tracks centrelines, measured in a radial direction. 4.34 tracking/addressing beam The beam used to read the tracking/addressing information. 4.35 tracking/addressing rea
49、ding power The optical power, incident at the entrance surface of the disk, of the tracking/addressing beam. 4.36 User data Zone The zone of the disk intended for storage of user data. 4.37 zone An annular area of the disk. 5 Conventions and notations 5.1 Representation of numbers A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. For instance, it implies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of + 0,01 and a negative tolerance of - 0,02 allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,275. Number
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