ECMA 402-2015 ECMAScript Internationalization API Specification (2nd Edition).pdf

1、 Reference number ECMA-123:2009 Ecma International 2009 ECMA-402 2nd Edition / June 2015 ECMAScript 2015 Internationalization API Specification COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT Ecma International 2015 Ecma International 2015 i Copyright notice Copyright 2015 Ecma International Ecma International Rue du

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13、HERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. ii Ecma International 2015 Ecma International 2015 iii Contents Page Copyright notice i 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative References . 1 4 Overview . 2 4.1 Internationalization, Loca

14、lization, and Globalization 2 4.2 API Overview 2 4.3 Implementation Dependencies 3 5 Notational Conventions 3 5.1 Well-Known Intrinsic Objects . 4 6 Identification of Locales, Currencies, and Time Zones . 5 6.1 Case Sensitivity and Case Mapping 5 6.2 Language Tags 5 6.2.1 Unicode Locale Extension Se

15、quences 5 6.2.2 IsStructurallyValidLanguageTag (locale) 5 6.2.3 CanonicalizeLanguageTag (locale) . 6 6.2.4 DefaultLocale () 6 6.3 Currency Codes . 6 6.3.1 IsWellFormedCurrencyCode (currency) . 6 6.4 Time Zone Names 6 6.4.1 IsValidTimeZoneName (timeZone) . 7 6.4.2 CanonicalizeTimeZoneName (timeZone)

16、7 6.4.3 DefaultTimeZone () 7 7 Requirements for Standard Built-in ECMAScript Objects 7 8 The Intl Object 7 8.1 Properties of the Intl Object . 7 9 Locale and Parameter Negotiation 8 9.1 Internal slots of Service Constructors 8 9.2 Abstract Operations 8 9.2.1 CanonicalizeLocaleList (locales) . 8 9.2.

17、2 BestAvailableLocale (availableLocales, locale) . 9 9.2.3 LookupMatcher (availableLocales, requestedLocales) . 9 9.2.4 BestFitMatcher (availableLocales, requestedLocales) 10 9.2.5 ResolveLocale (availableLocales, requestedLocales, options, relevantExtensionKeys, localeData) . 10 9.2.6 LookupSupport

18、edLocales (availableLocales, requestedLocales) . 11 9.2.7 BestFitSupportedLocales (availableLocales, requestedLocales) 12 9.2.8 SupportedLocales (availableLocales, requestedLocales, options) . 12 9.2.9 GetOption (options, property, type, values, fallback) 12 9.2.10 GetNumberOption (options, property

19、, minimum, maximum, fallback) 13 10 Collator Objects . 13 10.1 The Intl.Collator Constructor 13 10.1.1 InitializeCollator (collator, locales, options) . 13 10.1.2 Intl.Collator( locales , options) 15 10.2 Properties of the Intl.Collator Constructor . 15 10.2.1 Intl.Collator.prototype . 15 10.2.2 Int

20、l.Collator.supportedLocalesOf (locales , options ) . 15 iv Ecma International 2015 10.2.3 Internal slots 15 10.3 Properties of the Intl.Collator Prototype Object 16 10.3.1 Intl.Collator.prototype.constructor . 16 10.3.2 Intl.Collator.prototypetoStringTag 16 10.3.3 Intl.Cpare 16 10.3.4 Collator Compa

21、re Functions . 16 10.3.5 Intl.Collator.prototype.resolvedOptions () . 17 10.4 Properties of Intl.Collator Instances . 17 11 NumberFormat Objects 18 11.1 The Intl.NumberFormat Constructor. 18 11.1.1 InitializeNumberFormat (numberFormat, locales, options) . 18 11.1.2 Intl.NumberFormat( locales , optio

22、ns) . 19 11.2 Properties of the Intl.NumberFormat Constructor 20 11.2.1 Intl.NumberFormat.prototype 20 11.2.2 Intl.NumberFormat.supportedLocalesOf (locales , options ) 20 11.2.3 Internal slots 20 11.3 Properties of the Intl.NumberFormat Prototype Object 20 11.3.1 Intl.NumberFormat.prototype.construc

23、tor . 21 11.3.2 Intl.NumberFormat.prototypetoStringTag 21 11.3.3 Intl.NumberFormat.prototype.format 21 11.3.4 Number Format Functions . 21 11.3.5 Intl.NumberFormat.prototype.resolvedOptions () . 24 11.4 Properties of Intl.NumberFormat Instances . 24 12 DateTimeFormat Objects . 25 12.1 The Intl.DateT

24、imeFormat Constructor 25 12.1.1 InitializeDateTimeFormat (dateTimeFormat, locales, options) 25 12.1.2 Intl.DateTimeFormat( locales , options ) . 28 12.2 Properties of the Intl.DateTimeFormat Constructor 28 12.2.1 Intl.DateTimeFormat.prototype . 28 12.2.2 Intl.DateTimeFormat.supportedLocalesOf (local

25、es , options ) 28 12.2.3 Internal slots 29 12.3 Properties of the Intl.DateTimeFormat Prototype Object . 29 12.3.1 Intl.DateTimeFormat.prototype.constructor 29 12.3.2 Intl.DateTimeFormat.prototypetoStringTag 30 12.3.3 Intl.DateTimeFormat.prototype.format . 30 12.3.4 DateTime Format Functions 30 12.3

26、.5 Intl.DateTimeFormat.prototype.resolvedOptions () 31 12.4 Properties of Intl.DateTimeFormat Instances 32 13 Locale Sensitive Functions of the ECMAScript Language Specification . 32 13.1 Properties of the String Prototype Object 32 13.1.1 String.prototype.localeCompare (that , locales , options ) 3

27、2 13.1.2 String.prototype.toLocaleLowerCase (locales) . 33 13.1.3 String.prototype.toLocaleUpperCase (locales ) 33 13.2 Properties of the Number Prototype Object 34 13.2.1 Number.prototype.toLocaleString (locales , options ) . 34 13.3 Properties of the Date Prototype Object 34 13.3.1 Date.prototype.

28、toLocaleString (locales , options ) . 34 13.3.2 Date.prototype.toLocaleDateString (locales , options ) . 34 13.3.3 Date.prototype.toLocaleTimeString (locales , options ) 35 13.4 Properties of the Array Prototype Object . 35 13.4.1 Array.prototype.toLocaleString(locales , options ) 35 Annex A (inform

29、ative) Implementation Dependent Behaviour 37 Annex B (informative) Additions and Changes That Introduce Incompatibilities with Prior Editions . 39 Ecma International 2015 v Introduction The ECMAScript 2015 Internationalization API Specification (ECMA-402 2nd Edition), provides key language-sensitive

30、 functionality as a complement to the ECMAScript 2015 Language Specification (ECMA-262 6th Edition or successor). Its functionality has been selected from that of well-established internationalization APIs such as those of the Internationalization Components for Unicode (ICU) library, of the .NET fr

31、amework, or of the Java platform. The 1st Edition API was developed by an ad-hoc group established by Ecma TC39 in September 2010 based on a proposal by Neboja iri and Jungshik Shin. Internationalization of software is never complete. We expect significant enhancements in future editions of this spe

32、cification. Editor, 2nd Edition Rick Waldron Contributors Norbert Lindenberg Allen Wirfs-Brock Andr Bargull Steven R. Loomis Editor, 1st Edition Norbert Lindenberg Contributors Eric Albright Neboja iri Peter Constable Mark Davis Richard Gillam Steven Loomis Mihai Nita Addison Phillips Roozbeh Pourna

33、der Jungshik Shin Shawn Steele Allen Wirfs-Brock Feedback provided by Erik Arvidsson, John J. Barton, Zbigniew Braniecki, Marcos Cceres, Brendan Eich, John Emmons, Gordon P. Hemsley, David Herman, Luke Hoban, Oliver Hunt, Suresh Jayabalan, Yehuda Katz, Mark S. Miller, Andrew Paprocki, Adam Peller, A

34、xel Rauschmayer, Andreas Rossberg, Alex Russell, Markus Scherer, Dmitry Soshnikov, Yusuke Suzuki, John Tamplin, Rick Waldron, Anton Yatsenko, Nicholas Zakas. This Ecma Standard has been adopted by the General Assembly of June 2015. vi Ecma International 2015 Ecma International 2015 1 ECMAScript 2015

35、 Internationalization API Specification 1 Scope This Standard defines the application programming interface for ECMAScript objects that support programs that need to adapt to the linguistic and cultural conventions used by different human languages and countries. 2 Conformance A conforming implement

36、ation of the ECMAScript 2015 Internationalization API Specification must conform to the ECMAScript 2015 Language Specification (ECMA-262 6th Edition, or successor), and must provide and support all the objects, properties, functions, and program semantics described in this specification. A conformin

37、g implementation of the ECMAScript 2015 Internationalization API Specification is permitted to provide additional objects, properties, and functions beyond those described in this specification. In particular, a conforming implementation of the ECMAScript 2015 Internationalization API Specification

38、is permitted to provide properties not described in this specification, and values for those properties, for objects that are described in this specification. A conforming implementation is not permitted to add optional arguments to the functions defined in this specification. A conforming implement

39、ation is permitted to accept additional values, and then have implementation-defined behaviour instead of throwing a RangeError, for the following properties of options arguments: The options property localeMatcher in all constructors and supportedLocalesOf methods. The options properties usage and

40、sensitivity in the Collator constructor. The options properties style and currencyDisplay in the NumberFormat constructor. The options properties minimumIntegerDigits, minimumFractionDigits, maximumFractionDigits, minimumSignificantDigits, and maximumSignificantDigits in the NumberFormat constructor

41、, provided that the additional values are interpreted as integer values higher than the specified limits. The options properties listed in table 3 in the DateTimeFormat constructor. The options property formatMatcher in the DateTimeFormat constructor. 3 Normative References The following referenced

42、documents are required for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ECMAScript 2015 Language Specification (ECMA-262 6th Edition, or successor). ht

43、tp:/www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm NOTE Throughout this document, the phrase “ES2015, x” (where x is a sequence of numbers separated by periods) may be used as shorthand for “ECMAScript 2015 Language Specification (ECMA-262 6th Edition, sub clause x)”. ISO/IEC 10646:2

44、003: Information Technology Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) plus Amendment 1:2005 and Amendment 2:2006, Amendment 3:2008, and Amendment 4:2008, plus additional amendments and corrigenda, or successor http:/www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=39921 http:/www.iso.org/iso/c

45、atalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=40755 http:/www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=41419 http:/www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=44871 2 Ecma International 2015 http:/www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46311 ISO 4217:2008, Codes for the representation of currencies and fun

46、ds, or successor http:/www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46121 IETF BCP 47: RFC 5646, Tags for Identifying Languages, or successor http:/tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5646 RFC 4647, Matching of Language Tags, or successor http:/tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4647 IETF RFC 606

47、7, BCP 47 Extension U, or successor http:/tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6067 IANA Time Zone Database http:/www.iana.org/time-zones/ The Unicode Standard, Version 5.1, or successor http:/www.unicode.org/versions/latest Unicode Technical Standard 35, Unicode Locale Data Markup Language, version 21.0.1 or suc

48、cessor http:/unicode.org/reports/tr35/ 4 Overview This section contains a non-normative overview of the ECMAScript 2015 Internationalization API Specification. 4.1 Internationalization, Localization, and Globalization Internationalization of software means designing it such that it supports or can b

49、e easily adapted to support the needs of users speaking different languages and having different cultural expectations, and enables worldwide communication between them. Localization then is the actual adaptation to a specific language and culture. Globalization of software is commonly understood to be the combination of internationalization and localization. Globalization starts at the lowest level by using a text representation that supports al