1、 Guide to the UK Pressure Systems Safety Regulations (2000) PUBLICATION 177 Edition 2 Released by IHS. NOT FOR RESALE THE ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS USERS ASSOCIATION Guide to the UK Pressure Systems Safety Regulations (2000) PUBLICATION 177 Edition 2 Copyright 2013 The Engineering Equipmen
2、t and Materials Users Association. A company limited by guarantee. Registered in England. Company number 477838. ISBN 978 0 85931 172 4 Imprint reference 02-2013 Registered and Trading Address 63 Mark Lane London EC3R 7NQ Telephone: +44 (0)20 7488 0801 Fax: +44 (0)20 7488 3499 E-mail: saleseemua.org
3、 Website: www.eemua.org ii ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS USERS ASSOCIATION About EEMUA The Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association is usually known by its initials, EEMUA. EEMUA is governed by a Council of members. This Council is responsible for the policies, financing, membersh
4、ip, and strategy of the Association. Any organisation that is a substantial user or purchaser of engineering products is eligible to apply to become a member of EEMUA. Membership is subject to the approval of Council. EEMUA Aims EEMUA aims to improve the safety, environmental and operating performan
5、ce of industrial facilities in the most cost-effective way, pursuing and promoting leadership in industrial asset management by sharing engineering experiences and expertise, and by the active, enlightened promotion of the distinct interests of users of engineering products. These aims are achieved
6、by various means, including: Providing the organisation within which networking, information sharing and collaboration among users on non-competitive technical matters can take place Influencing the way written regulations are interpreted and applied in practice Promoting and presenting members view
7、s, and encouraging the application of good sound engineering practices Developing user guides, specifications, training and competency schemes Facilitating members participation in national and international standards making Influencing relevant national and European legislation and regulation. The
8、income and resources of EEMUA are applied solely towards the promotion of the aims of the Association. No profit is transferred by way of dividend, bonus or otherwise to members. The work of the Association is mainly carried out by members representatives on EEMUA Technical Committees, Working Group
9、s, and Forums, supported by EEMUA staff. Incorporation, Membership and Other Information For the purposes of conducting its business, EEMUA is incorporated in England and Wales as a company, limited by guarantee, not having share capital. All usual aspects of company management and business administ
10、ration are dealt with by the EEMUA Executive Director, including policy implementation and leadership of the Executive team (the staff). A list of EEMUA publications for sale is given at the end of this Publication. The full list is also on the Associations website, including details of on-line shop
11、ping facilities. To enquire about corporate Membership, write to enquirieseemua.org or call +44 (0)20 7488 0801. EEMUA 177 Guide to the UK Pressure Systems Safety Regulations EEMUA iii ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION Legal Aspects All rights, title and interest in this Publication belong to EEMUA. All rights
12、 are reserved. No part of this Publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or other, without the express prior written agreement of the EEMUA Executive Director. Infringement of copyright is
13、illegal and also reduces the Associations income thereby jeopardising its ability to fund the production of future publications. It has been assumed in the preparation of this Publication that: the user ensures selection of those parts of its contents appropriate to the intended application; and tha
14、t such selection and application is correctly carried out by appropriately qualified and competent persons for whose guidance this Publication has been prepared. EEMUA and the individual members of the Work Group that prepared this EEMUA publication do not, and indeed cannot, make any representation
15、 or give any warranty or guarantee in connection with material contained herein. EEMUA and the individual members of the Work Group that prepared this EEMUA publication expressly disclaim any liability or responsibility for damage or loss resulting from the use or reliance on this Publication. Any r
16、ecommendations contained herein are based on the most authoritative information available at the time of writing and on current good engineering practice, but it is essential for the user to take account of pertinent subsequent developments and/or legislation. Any person who encounters an inaccuracy
17、 or ambiguity when making use of this Publication is asked to notify EEMUA without delay so that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken. Consultation and Feedback EEMUA encourages constructive comments on this Publication from both Members of the Association and others. Comments
18、 should be sent on the standard feedback form, a copy of which is provided towards the end of this Publication. An electronic version of the feedback form is available from EEMUA - e-mail your request for a copy to enquirieseemua.org, telephone your request to +44 (0)20 7488 0801, or download the fo
19、rm from the EEMUA website at www.eemua.org. Submit comments by e-mail (preferred) or post. Comments are considered by the relevant EEMUA Technical Committees and may be incorporated in future editions of this Publication. New editions are publicised on the EEMUA website. EEMUA 177 Guide to the UK Pr
20、essure Systems Safety Regulations EEMUA iv EEMUA 177 Guide to the UK Pressure Systems Safety Regulations EEMUA v Contents 1. Introduction . 1 1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 Scope 1 1.3 About this Edition 1 2. Regulation 2 - Interpretation . 3 2.1 Mobile System . 3 2.2 Pressure System 3 2.3 Protective Devices 3 3
21、. Regulation 7 - Safe Operating Limits 5 4. Regulation 8 - Written Scheme Of Examination . 7 4.1 General 7 4.2 Application 7 4.3 Nature (or Type) of Examination 7 4.4 Frequency of Examination . 8 4.5 Pipework 9 4.6 Pipelines . 9 5. Regulation 10 - Action in Case of Imminent Danger . 11 6. Schedule 2
22、 - Leased or Hired Pressure Systems . 13 Annex 1 Examination of Distillation Columns . 15 Annex 2 EEMUA Interpretation of the Regulations for Registration of Pipework 18 Annex 3 Pipelines and the Pipe-lines Act 1962 . 19 Annex 4 Process for Reporting Imminent Danger 20 Annex 5 References and Related
23、 Documents . 21 Tables Table 1 Examples of Protective Devices to be considered for inclusion in a Scheme of Examination 4 Figures Figure 1 Typical form for a scheme of examination for vessels . 16 Figure 2 Typical form for a scheme of examination for piping systems 17 EEMUA 177 Guide to the UK Press
24、ure Systems Safety Regulations EEMUA vi EEMUA 177 Guide to the UK Pressure Systems Safety Regulations EEMUA 1 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose This Publication is intended to give practical guidance on the use of the UK Pressure Systems Safety Regulations. The Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 20001(ot
25、herwise referred to herein as the Regulations), together with the Health it does not refer in detail to the other regulations already clearly expounded in the ACOP published by the Health b) the Pipework with its Protective Devices to which a transportable pressure receptacle is, or is intended to b
26、e connected; or c) a Pipeline and its Protective Devices which contains or is liable to contain a Relevant Fluid, but does not include a transportable pressure receptacle. It is thus apparent that the equipment necessary to comprise a Pressure System under the Regulations is bounded by lower limits
27、but there are no maxima. A Pressure System may therefore encompass the whole of a process plant or small portions thereof, providing the latter include the minimum elements noted in (a), (b) or (c) above. Precisely how a complex industrial plant is segregated into Pressure Systems in terms of Regula
28、tion 2 is a matter of individual preference and convenience, but it is recommended that the number of such systems be minimised to avoid unnecessary complication of administration and records. In many cases, therefore, substantial parts of the whole process plant would be designated as a Pressure Sy
29、stem. 2.3 Protective Devices The Regulations define Protective Devices as those designed to protect the Pressure System against System Failure and devices designed to give warning that System Failure might occur. Bursting discs are included. ACOP paragraph 25 explains clearly that the definition of
30、Protective Device does not include every device that has a control or measuring function. Rather it includes any protective control or measuring equipment which is essential to prevent a dangerous situation from arising. Instrument and control equipment should be considered as a Protective Device su
31、bject to the Regulations where it has to function correctly in order to prevent the Safe Operating Limits being exceeded where no other Protective Device is provided. EEMUA 177 Guide to the UK Pressure Systems Safety Regulations EEMUA 4 Table 1 offers typical examples of Protective Devices which may
32、 be considered as essential to prevent System Failure and which therefore should be included in a Scheme of Examination. It should be stressed that the examples given in Table 1 are for the purpose of illustration and should not be regarded as definitive. There are other devices that are used to pre
33、vent physical damage to equipment. These are not necessary to prevent a sudden discharge of pressure energy that may cause danger to persons, because either there is a backup device to prevent overpressure or the subject components are non-pressure containing - such devices therefore do not come wit
34、hin the scope of the Regulations. The decision to apply the Regulations to a device is dependent upon whether or not the correct operation of that device is essential for the mechanical integrity of the Pressure System. In general, devices that monitor normal operating parameters, such as pressure g
35、auges and temperature indicators, would not be included in a Scheme of Examination. Table 1 Examples of Protective Devices to be considered for inclusion in a Scheme of Examination Description of function Typical examples Possible consequence of device failing to operate devices to prevent under-pre
36、ssure vacuum breakers failure due to collapse devices to relieve excess internal pressure relief valves bursting discs failure due to over-pressurisation devices to prevent a predetermined temperature level from being exceeded a) high temperature trips and fusible plugs b) low temperature trips a) f
37、ailure due to loss of strength as a result of exposure to high temperature b) loss of fracture toughness at low temperature warning devices pressure alarm or recording systems which identify a pressure excursion beyond the approved limit the Competent Person should be informed of such incidents to e
38、nsure that a suitable operation review is conducted rapid isolation of excessive pressure source slam shut valves failure due to over-pressurisation restriction device to limit the flow rate from a high pressure source restriction orifice plate control valve failure due to over-pressurisation device
39、 to protect against low level of water in boiler level gauge low level alarm/ shutdown device failure due to over heating of boiler EEMUA 177 Guide to the UK Pressure Systems Safety Regulations EEMUA 5 3. Regulation 7 - Safe Operating Limits The Safe Operating Limits are defined in the PSSR as the o
40、perating limits (incorporating a suitable margin of safety) beyond which System Failure is liable to occur. In addition to pressure and temperature, the following have to be considered: flow rates, volumes, heat input, coolant flow, cyclic conditions, process changes and the like. The aim of Regulat
41、ion 7 is to require the User to know the safe limits of operation of the Pressure System and to ensure it is operated within these limits and properly maintained. (See ACOP paragraphs 89 to 100). Many Pressure Systems are either: designed to contain the maximum pressure that can be generated; or pro
42、tected by appropriate devices, to safely limit the pressure that can be generated. In these latter cases, the Safe Operating Limits are defined by the design rating of the Pressure System and/or the settings of the Protective Devices. For Pressure Systems where the operating parameters can be adjust
43、ed such that it is reasonably foreseeable that System Failure could occur if certain limits are exceeded, then these have to be specified as Safe Operating Limits. Examples are: For an oil lubricated air compressor system, air/oil explosions can occur if the machine operates with the incorrect oil t
44、emperature combination; the Safe Operating Limits may include the maximum operating temperature and oil specification. For a fired boiler, the Safe Operating Limits may include the minimum water level or the minimum feed water flow rate to avoid overheating. For limited life equipment (e.g. due to f
45、atigue or creep) the Safe Operating Limits include the number of pressure cycles, or the hours of operation at specified temperatures. For some piping systems a temperature limit may need to be imposed to prevent excessive thermal stresses. EEMUA 177 Guide to the UK Pressure Systems Safety Regulatio
46、ns EEMUA 6 EEMUA 177 Guide to the UK Pressure Systems Safety Regulations EEMUA 7 4. Regulation 8 - Written Scheme Of Examination 4.1 General Regulation 8 requires that for certain parts of a Pressure System the User shall have a written Scheme of Examination, produced and/or certified by a Competent
47、 Person. A written Scheme can be in the form of an electronic or series of electronic documents. Subsequent Examinations must be reported and the Scheme reviewed to take account of any significant changes in the process or equipment, as required under Regulation 9. Examination reports are included i
48、n the records of the Pressure System as described under Regulation 14. It should be noted that Regulation 12 requires the User to ensure that the Pressure System has an acceptable level of maintenance work additional to that set out in the Scheme of Examination. (See ACOP paragraph 112 and Appendix
49、2.1). The contents of the Scheme are elaborated in the ACOP, which indicates that all Protective Devices, most pressure vessels and some Pipework should be included; whilst the Guidance on the PSSR offers further comment on the foregoing together with advice on legal responsibilities and on dealing with steam and air equipment. A study of the above indicates that there are three elements of the PSSR that need to be addressed in relation to a Scheme of Examination: the application of the Regulations to the Pressure Sys
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