1、THE ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS USERS ASSOCIATION Electrical Safety of Instruments, Instrument/Control Panels and Control Systems A Design Guide PUBLICATION 178 Edition 2 Released by IHS. Not for resaleTHE ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS USERS ASSOCIATION Electrical Safety of Instruments
2、, Instrument/Control Panels and Control Systems A Design Guide PUBLICATION 178 Edition 2 Copyright 2009 The Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association A company limited by guarantee. Registered in England. Company number 477838. ISBN 0 85931 167 8 Imprint reference 02-2009 Registered and
3、Trading Address 10-12 Lovat Lane London EC3R 8DN Telephone: +44 (0)20 7621 0011 Fax: +44 (0)20 7621 0022 E-mail: saleseemua.org Website: www.eemua.org EEMUA 178 Electrical Safety of Instruments, Instrument/Control Panels influencing the way written regulations are interpreted and applied in practice
4、; presenting and promoting Members views, and encouraging the application of good, sound engineering practices; developing user guides, specifications, training and competency schemes; facilitating Members participation in national and international standards making; influencing relevant national an
5、d European legislation and regulations. Formed in 1949 as the Engineering Equipment Users Association, and re-named in 1983 (as a result of taking over the materials association, OCMA), EEMUA has for more than fifty years given companies that own and operate process plants, power stations and other
6、significant industrial facilities, a collaborative voice in addressing technical and engineering related issues that impact on good integrity management and asset management practices. The Association is open to companies of all sizes that meet its engineering user criteria. Further details of curre
7、nt Members of EEMUA is available on the Associations website, www.eemua.org. EEMUA activities often lead to the production of publications. These are prepared for Members use and are often offered for sale as well. A list of EEMUA publications for sale is given at the end of this Publication. The fu
8、ll list is also on the Associations website, including details of on-line shopping facilities. To enquire about corporate Membership, write to enquirieseemua.org or call +44 (0)20 7621 0011. EEMUA 178 Electrical Safety of Instruments, Instrument/Control Panels and that such selection and application
9、 will be correctly carried out by appropriately qualified and competent persons for whose guidance this Publication has been prepared. EEMUA and the individual members of the Work Group that prepared this EEMUA Publication do not, and indeed cannot, make any representation or give any warranty or gu
10、arantee in connection with material contained herein. EEMUA and the individual members of the Work Group that prepared this EEMUA Publication expressly disclaim any liability or responsibility for damage or loss resulting from the use or reliance on this Publication. Any recommendations contained he
11、rein are based on the most authoritative information available at the time of writing and on current good engineering practice, but it is essential for the user to take account of pertinent subsequent developments and/or legislation. Any person who encounters an inaccuracy or ambiguity when making u
12、se of this Publication is asked to notify EEMUA without delay so that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken. Consultation and Feedback EEMUA encourages constructive comments on this Publication from both Members of the Association and others. Comments should be sent on the stan
13、dard feedback form, a copy of which is provided towards the end of this Publication. An electronic version of the feedback form is available from EEMUA - e-mail your request for a copy to enquirieseemua.org, telephone your request to +44 (0)20 7621 0011, or download the form from the EEMUA website a
14、t www.eemua.org. Submit comments by e-mail (preferred) or post. Comments will be considered by the relevant EEMUA Technical Committee and may be incorporated in future editions of this Publication. New editions will be publicised on the EEMUA website. EEMUA 178 Electrical Safety of Instruments, Inst
15、rument/Control Panels control systems; general observations from an inspectors viewpoint and legal aspects. The guidance given applies to small instruments and equipment through to, for example, the control aspects of motors and provides details relevant to those who specify, build and subsequently
16、install and use instruments. This Publication is intended to apply to electrically powered instrument systems and their control panels used to measure, indicate, compute, control, record, etc. and which are suitable for use in process control and similar applications. However, as the requirements ar
17、e based on the safe use of electricity, they are equally applicable to electrical equipment used for other purposes. Fundamental principles to be followed at all times are: that all instrumentation and control equipment should be installed to facilitate accessibility and maintenance; that instrument
18、ation and control equipment should be protected against any external influence to which they may be subjected, including electromagnetic interference; that the overall integrity of any control system should not be damaged or destroyed as a result of examination, maintenance, authorised alteration or
19、 expansion; that inappropriate or unauthorised alterations to wiring or to programmes of programmable systems are to be avoided, as such alterations may alter the functionality of the equipment and may also result in the designed safety functions not being preserved; supplementary to the above, but
20、not detailed in this publication, is an inherent requirement to provide effective work instructions and, where necessary, permits to work and protective clothing. Many of the accidents and injuries ascribed to electrical faults could be eliminated by attention to detail at all stages. This Publicati
21、on makes reference to the UK Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 and it is recommended that this document is studied in conjunction with this Publication. In countries outside the UK, similar regulations are usually available and should be studied likewise. In the UK, the employment of Competent Pe
22、rsons to undertake work is a requirement of the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989. Such a requirement exists in many other jurisdictions. This requirement for competency should be brought to the attention of all concerned, whether it is with design, manufacture, EEMUA 178 Electrical Safety of Ins
23、truments, Instrument/Control Panels b. it is reasonable in all the circumstances for the technician to be at work on or near it whilst live; and c. suitable precautions are taken to prevent injury. To undertake live working will require special insulated tools and clothing and the worker will need t
24、o be accompanied. Work will proceed slowly and probably at inconvenient and premium rate hours. With the above non-compartmented panel, meeting the requirements of the Regulations may be met under (a), (b) and (c), but only by placing personnel at risk. Thus the operator might: insist on live workin
25、g and all that entails; arrange temporary shrouds over those parts not be worked on, prior to the commencement of work. The placement of shrouds will itself entail risk and be time-consuming. Whilst the risk attendant on live working to repair the fault will have been reduced, it will not have been
26、eliminated. It is better to have achieved safe working by design, rather than improvisation. Whilst building in improved segregation at the design stage would probably incur increased initial expenditure, substantial savings will be made over the lifespan of the equipment. The adoption of a lowest i
27、nitial cost philosophy may help to remove unnecessary frills, but its adoption should never compromise the provisions required for safe working. A suggested way to meet the requirements for safety, and which will minimise maintenance/repair time, is to locate and group those items which may be isola
28、ted as a group, without affecting the running of the other groups, and to compartmentalise their controls. The provision of an isolator, interlocked with the panel door, which isolates all the items of a group, including both those local within the compartment and those remote on site, will enable t
29、hem to be worked on safely. The isolator should have provision for being locked in the open position. Additional worker safety is often provided by employing EEMUA 178 Electrical Safety of Instruments, Instrument/Control Panels Section 3: General duties of employers and the self-employed to persons
30、other than their employees; Section 6: General duties on designers, manufacturers, importers and suppliers to provide systems which are safe for use and which are supported by adequate documentation; Section 7: General duties of employees at work. The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 regulations
31、 5 to 12 are of significance to the design of equipment, whilst regulations 4, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 are relevant to the activities of installers, users and maintenance personnel. EEMUA 178 Electrical Safety of Instruments, Instrument/Control Panels Installation design and practice BS 7430:1998 Code
32、 of practice for earthing BS 7671:2008 Requirements for electrical installations. IEE Wiring Regulations. Seventeenth edition 5.2 Directives, UK Legislation and Regulations Directive 94/9/EC The approximation of the laws of Member States concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use i
33、n potentially explosive atmospheres (commonly known as ATEX 95) Directive 98/24/EC The protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work Directive 1999/92/EC Minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers potentially at r
34、isk from explosive atmospheres (commonly known as ATEX 137) Directive 2004/108/EC The approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974, HMSO, ISBN 0 10 543774 3 The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (SI 1989/635) The P
35、rovision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (SI 1998/2306) EEMUA 178 Electrical Safety of Instruments, Instrument/Control Panels & Control Systems EEMUA 20 The Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations (SI 2002/2776) The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007
36、(SI 2007/320) 5.3 Other Publications Engineering Equipment & Materials Users Association, A practitioners handbook - Electrical installation, inspection and maintenance in potentially explosive atmospheres, EEMUA Publication 186, 2008, ISBN 0 85931 166 X Engineering Equipment & Materials Users Assoc
37、iation, Guide to the application of IEC 61511 to safety instrumented systems in the UK process industries, EEMUA Publication 222, 2009, ISBN 0 85931 168 6 (in preparation) Health & Safety Executive, Electrical test equipment for use by electricians, HSE GS38, 1995, ISBN 0 7176 0845 X Health & Safety
38、 Executive, Memorandum of guidance on the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989, HSE HSR25, 2007, ISBN 9780 7176 6228 9 EEMUA 178 Electrical Safety of Instruments, Instrument/Control Panels & Control Systems EEMUA EEMUA Publication: Feedback Form An electronic version of this form is available at www
39、.eemua.org/publications.htm Date feedback provided: (dd/mm/yyyy) EEMUA Publication 178 Electrical Safety of Instruments, Instrument/Control Panels and Control Systems: A Design Guide Feedback provided by: Contact name: Phone: E-mail: Feedback provided on behalf of which organisation? Organisation na
40、me: Location: EEMUA ref (EEMUA use only) Page no. Paragraph Figure/ Table concerned Type of comment (General/ Technical/ Editorial) COMMENTS Proposed change (Please provide alternative wording, or propose removal of, or addition to, existing wording.) OBSERVATIONS OF THE EXECUTIVE (EEMUA use only) o
41、n each comment submitted 4 Fig 2 E This is an example only. No change to wording required. Example only When you have completed this form with all your comments, please save and e-mail to enquirieseemua.org or post a paper copy to: Publications Department, EEMUA, 10-12 Lovat Lane, London EC3R 8DN. EEMUA 178 Electrical Safety of Instruments, Instrument/Control Panels & Control Systems EEMUA
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