1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1005-3:2002 +A1:2008 Safety of machinery Human physical performance Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation ICS 13.110 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWNational foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN
2、1005-3:2002+ A1:2008. It supersedes BS EN 1005-3:2002 which is withdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indi
3、cated by !“. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics, to Subcommittee PH/9/4, Anthropometry and biomechanics. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not
4、purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BS EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments 30 June 2009 Impl
5、ementation of CEN amendment A1:2008 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 26 February 2002 BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 62350 9 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1005-3:2002+A1 October 2008 ICS 13.110; 13.180 Supersede
6、s EN 1005-3:2002 English Version Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation Scurit des machines - Performance physique humaine - Partie 3: Limites des forces recommandes pour lutilisation de machines Sicherheit von Maschinen - Menschli
7、che krperliche Leistung - Teil 3: Empfohlene Kraftgrenzen bei Maschinenbettigung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 November 2001 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 18 August 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the con
8、ditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in th
9、ree official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of
10、 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN
11、 COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008: EEN 1005-
12、3:2002+A1:2008 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Recommendations.5 4.1 General recommendations and information .5 4.2 Risk assessment of action forces5 4.2.1 Step A: Determination of basic force generating capacity .8 4.2.2
13、Step B: Determination of adjusted capacity .10 4.2.3 Step C: Evaluation of tolerability and risk 11 4.3 Factors affecting risk 12 4.3.1 Working posture 12 4.3.2 Acceleration and movement precision13 4.3.3 Vibration .13 4.3.4 Man-machine interaction 13 4.3.5 Personal protective equipment 13 4.3.6 Ext
14、ernal environment 13 Annex A (informative) Calculation procedure for Alternative 2 14 A.1 General14 A.2 Input parameters14 A.3 Procedure .15 A.3.1 Force distribution 15 A.3.2 Logarithmic transformation16 A.3.3 Calculation of force percentiles .16 A.4 Results 17 Annex B (informative) Calculation proc
15、edure for Alternative 3 18 B.1 General18 B.2 Input parameters18 B.2.1 Force .18 B.2.2 User demography 19 B.3 Procedure .20 B.3.1 Synthetical distribution parameters of subgroups 20 B.3.2 Logarithmic distributions .21 B.3.3 Generation of new distribution functions of male and female subgroups22 B.3.4
16、 Weighting and combining of all subgroup distributions.23 B.3.5 Calculation of percentiles .24 B.4 Result 24 Annex ZA (informative) ! ! ! !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC“ “ “ “ .25 Annex ZB (informative) ! ! !
17、!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“ “ “ “.26 Bibliography 27 BS EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics“, the
18、 secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. This documen
19、t includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-08-18. This document supersedes EN 1005-3:2002. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the Europe
20、an Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ EN 1005 consists of the following parts, under the general title “Safety of machinery - Human phys
21、ical performance”: Part 1: Terms and definitions; Part 2 1) : Manual handling of machinery and component parts of machinery; Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation; Part 4 1) : Evaluation of working postures and movements in relation to machinery; Part 5 1) : Risk assessment for re
22、petitive handling at high frequency. Annexes A and B are for information only. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark
23、, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. 1)This European Standard is under preparation by CEN/TC 122/WG 4 “Bi
24、omechanics“. BS EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 (E) 4 Introduction Within the life cycle of a machine from construction to dismantling, various machine-related actions require muscular force exertion. Muscular force exertion causes strain to the musculo-skeletal system. Unfavourable mus
25、culo-skeletal strain corresponds to the risk of fatigue, discomfort and musculo-skeletal disorders. The manufacturer of a machine is in a position to control these health risks by optimising the required forces, while taking into account the frequency, duration and variation of force exertion. The c
26、alculation procedure and the recommended limits in this standard aim to reduce the health risk for the operator as well as to increase the flexibility and possibility for a larger population to operate the machines which increases efficiency and profitability. This standard has been prepared to be h
27、armonised standard in the sense of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regulations. This standard is written in conformity with EN 1050 and gives the user hazard identification for harm through musculo-skeletal disorders and tools for qualitative and, to an extent, a quantitative risk assess
28、ment. The tools for the risk assessment also implicate how to do the risk reduction. This standard does not deal with risks connected to accidents. The recommendations provided by this standard are based on available scientific evidence concerning the physiology and epidemiology of manual work. The
29、knowledge is, however, scarce and the suggested limits are subject to changes according to future research. In accordance with the rules for CEN/CENELEC-standards Part 2, 4.9.3, European Standards are reviewed at intervals not exceeding five years. This European Standard is a type B standard as stat
30、ed in EN 1070. The provisions of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type C standard. NOTE For machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take
31、precedence over the provisions of this type B standard. 1 Scope This European Standard presents guidance to the manufacturer of machinery or its component parts and the writer of C-standards in controlling health risks due to machine-related muscular force exertion. This standard specifies recommend
32、ed force limits for actions during machinery operation including construction, transport and commissioning (assembly, installation, adjustment), use (operation, cleaning, fault finding, maintenance, setting, teaching or process changeover) decommissioning, disposal and dismantling. The standard appl
33、ies primarily to machines which are manufactured after the date of issue of the standard. This standard applies on one hand to machinery for professional use operated by the adult working population, who are healthy workers with ordinary physical capacity, and on the other hand to machinery for dome
34、stic use operated by the whole population including youth and old people. The recommendations are derived from research on European population. This document is not applicable to specify the machinery which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN. BS EN 1005-3:2002+A1
35、:2008EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 (E) 5 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references,
36、subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 614-1, Safety of machinery - Ergonomic
37、 design principles - Part 1: Terminology and general principles. EN 1005-1:2001, Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 1: Terms and definitions. EN 1070, Safety of machinery Terminology. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions g
38、iven in EN 614-1, EN 1005-1:2001 and EN 1070 apply. 4 Recommendations 4.1 General recommendations and information The manufacturer should first consider EN 292-2:1991, annex A and EN 614-1 and EN 614-2 and then use the procedure for determining force limits presented below. It is crucially important
39、 that the operator is in control of the operation sequences and the pace of the machinery. Furthermore, machines shall be designed in a way so that actions demanding force exertion can be performed optimally with respect to the posture of body and limbs and the direction of force application. In add
40、ition machines shall be designed to allow for variations in movements and force exertions. The risk assessment procedure conveyed by this standard should formally be carried out for each action occurring during handling of the machinery. It may be noted, however, that infrequently occurring actions
41、with low force demands may be assessed on an overview base. Actions related to the handling of control actuators are considered in EN 894-3, however the present standard provides additional important information related to physical capacity and safety of the operator. 4.2 Risk assessment of action f
42、orces The risk assessment in the present standard is based on the force generating capacity of the intended users, and follows a three-step procedure as illustrated in Figure 1. In step A, the maximal isometric force generating capacity is determined for relevant actions within specified intended us
43、er populations. Within the scope of this standard the determination of maximal forces can be carried out according to three alternative methods. In step B, the force generating in step A capacity is reduced, according to the circumstances under which the force is to be generated (velocity, frequency
44、 and duration of action). The reduction is achieved by a set of multipliers. Basically, the output is a force that may be delivered without substantial fatigue. In step C, the risk associated with the intended use of the machinery is assessed. The risk evaluation is accomplished using risk multiplie
45、rs, reducing the maximal attainable force from step B to values associated with different levels of risk. The risk assessment focuses on musculo-skeletal disorders, and is preferentially based on the assumption that decreasing fatigue during work is effective in reducing disorders. BS EN 1005-3:2002
46、+A1:2008EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 (E) 6 The recommended force limits are applicable to most men and women in a general population in optimal action posture and under ideal circumstances. The limits are calculated for an optimal range of motion of the joints involved in the respective actions. It is rec
47、ommended to let force limits for professional users correspond to the 15 thpercentile of the whole adult population, i.e. males and females between 20 years and 65 years of age. Force limits for machines intended for domestic use should correspond to the 1 stpercentile of the same adult population.
48、The adult population is used as reference since reliable force data are scarce or unavailable for youth and aged individuals. Limits established by the procedure in this standard will essentially reduce hazards for at least 85 % of the intended user population. The manufacturer should be aware that
49、the force evaluation presented by the standard may be used also as a guidance when making instructions for the use of the machinery. BS EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 (E) 7 Figure 1 Illustration of the step procedure leading to risk evaluation of action forces during machinery use for specified intended user populations BS EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 (E) 8 4.2.1 Step A: Determination of basic force generating capacity Output: maximal isometric force F B,for specified actions, with consideration to intended user population. Step
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