1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1075:2014Timber structures Testmethods Joints made withpunched metal plate fastenersBS EN 1075:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1075:2014. Itsupersedes BS EN 1075:2000 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in
2、its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/518, Structural timber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correcta
3、pplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 81967 4ICS 21.060.99; 91.080.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and S
4、trategy Committee on 31 January 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 1075:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1075 December 2014 ICS 91.080.20 Supersedes EN 1075:1999English Version Timber structures - Test methods - Joints made with punched metal plat
5、e fasteners Structures en bois - Mthodes dessai - Assemblages raliss avec des connecteurs mtalliques plaque emboutie Holzbauwerke - Prfverfahren - Verbindungen mit Nagelplatten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 November 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Interna
6、l Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CE
7、N member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versi
8、ons. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, P
9、oland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitati
10、on in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1075:2014 EBS EN 1075:2014EN 1075:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Symbols and abbreviations 7 5 Materials .7 5.1 Timber .7 5.2 Fasteners 7 6 Te
11、st methods 8 6.1 General 8 6.2 Conditioning .8 6.3 Fabrication of test pieces .8 6.4 Preparation of test pieces .9 6.4.1 Anchorage capacity and load-slip characteristics of contact surface and timber: load parallel to grain 9 6.4.2 Anchorage capacity and load-slip characteristics of contact surface
12、of fastener and timber: load not parallel to grain . 10 6.4.3 Fastener tension capacity 11 6.4.4 Fastener compression capacity 12 6.4.5 Fastener shear capacity . 13 6.5 Procedure 13 6.5.1 Estimation of maximum load . 13 6.5.2 Loading procedure . 13 6.5.3 Maximum load . 14 6.6 Expression of results .
13、 15 6.6.1 Anchorage capacity 15 6.6.2 Fastener tension capacity 15 6.6.3 Fastener compression capacity 15 6.6.4 Fastener shear capacity . 16 6.7 Determination of characteristic values 16 6.8 Test report . 16 Annex A (normative) Nail root test 17 A.1 Scope . 17 A.2 Symbols . 17 A.3 Test piece 17 A.4
14、Test method . 17 A.5 Test results 17 Annex B (informative) Derivation of rotational stiffness of the contact surface of the fastener and timber . 19 B.1 General . 19 B.2 Background to the calculations 19 B.3 Calculations . 19 Annex C (informative) Examples of properly located transducers . 21 BS EN
15、1075:2014EN 1075:2014 (E) 3 Annex D (informative) Examples of loading arrangement 22 D.1 Fastener shear capacity 22 D.2 Fastener anchorage capacity: load not parallel to grain, (see 6.4.2). 24 Bibliography 25 BS EN 1075:2014EN 1075:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 1075:2014) has been prepared b
16、y Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 “Timber Structures”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2015 and conflicting national standards shall
17、be withdrawn at the latest by June 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1075:1999. Compar
18、ed to EN 1075:1999, the following changes have been made: a) replacement of EN 28970 by EN ISO 8970; b) modification of definition in 3.5 for density; c) modification of the formula in 6.6.1 for anchorage capacity; d) improvement of figures. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the nat
19、ional standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Li
20、thuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1075:2014EN 1075:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the test methods for determining the strength capacity and stiffness o
21、f joints made with punched metal plate fasteners in load bearing timber structures, being used to join two or more pieces of timber of the same thickness in the same plane. The properties measured are: load-slip characteristics and maximum load resulting from the lateral resistance of the embedded p
22、rojections, at various angles between the direction of the applied force and the axis of the fastener (load-fastener angle ), the direction of the grain of the timber (load-grain angle ), the tension capacity of the fastener at various angles , the compression capacity of the fastener at various ang
23、les , the shear capacity of the fastener at various angles . A nail root test method is shown in Annex A. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition
24、 cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 336, Structural timber Sizes, permitted deviations EN 14358, Timber structures Calculation of characteristic 5-percentile values and acceptance criteria for a sample EN 26891:
25、1991 Timber structures Joints made with mechanical fasteners General principles for the determination of strength and deformation characteristics (ISO 6891:1983) EN ISO 8970, Timber structures Testing of joints made with mechanical fasteners Requirements for wood density (ISO 8970) 3 Terms and defin
26、itions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 punched metal plate fastener made of metal plate of nominal thickness not less than 0,9 mm and not more than 3,0 mm, having integral projections punched out in one direction and bent perpendicular to the base of
27、 the metal plate 3.2 major axis of fastener direction giving the highest tension capacity per unit width of the fastener Note 1 to entry: In many cases the punching pattern of the fastener gives rise to two main directions, perpendicular to each other, with different capacity properties. BS EN 1075:
28、2014EN 1075:2014 (E) 6 3.3 effective area of fastener area of the total contact surface between the plate and the timber, reduced by 5 mm from the edges of the timber and by a distance in the grain direction from the end of timber equal to 6 times the fasteners nominal thickness, see Figure 1 Dimens
29、ions in millimetres Key 1 direction of the grain 2 major axis of the fastener Figure 1 Definition of effective area of fastener 3.4 anchorage capacity per unit area maximum load resisted by the joint per effective unit area of the fastener 3.5 mean density population 50-percentile value with the mas
30、s and volume corresponding to equilibrium moisture content at a temperature of 20 C and a relative humidity of 65 % 3.6 design core thickness of the fastener nominal thickness of the fastener, reduced by the thickness of the coating and further reduced by the minus tolerance of the core thickness BS
31、 EN 1075:2014EN 1075:2014 (E) 7 4 Symbols and abbreviations Aefeffective area of fastener, in square millimetres b width of fastener perpendicular to the major axis of the fastener, in millimetres fa, fastener anchorage capacity, in newtons per square millimetre fc,fastener compression capacity, in
32、newtons per millimetre ft,fastener tension capacity, in newtons per millimetre ft,actactual tension strength of the fastener material, in newtons per square millimetre ft,kcharacteristic tension strength of the fastener material, in newtons per square millimetre fv,fastener shear capacity, in newton
33、s per millimetre fy,actactual yield stress of the fastener material in newtons per square millimetre fy,kcharacteristic yield stress of the fastener material in newtons per square millimetre F load, in newtons Fmaxmaximum load, in newtons Fmax,estestimated maximum load, in newtons h depth of timber,
34、 in millimetres l length of fastener parallel to the major axis of the fastener, in millimetres l1, l2lengths of area covered by the fastener (see Figure 3), in millimetres ljlength of the fastener in the joint line, in millimetres t thickness of timber test piece, in millimetres tcor,ddesign core t
35、hickness of fastener, in millimetres tactactual core thickness of fastener, in millimetres angle between the direction of the applied force and the major axis of the fastener, in degrees angle between the direction of the applied force and the direction of the grain of the timber, in degrees angle b
36、etween the gap line and the line through the load point and the centre point of the fastener (see Figure 6), in degrees density of the timber member in which the failure took place, in kilograms per cubic metre. 5 Materials 5.1 Timber The timber shall be selected in accordance with EN ISO 8970. 5.2
37、Fasteners The fastener specification, including the relevant characteristic mechanical properties (e.g. tensile strength, yield stress and elongation) of the steel used to manufacture the fasteners, determined using standard test procedures, shall be recorded. For the purpose of verifying such recor
38、ds, material shall be available which has been taken from the coil used in the manufacture of the fasteners. The ductility of the fasteners at the root position of the projections shall be determined in accordance with Annex A. BS EN 1075:2014EN 1075:2014 (E) 8 The sizes (length and width) of fasten
39、er to be used for the various tests should be selected in such a way that capacity values for the complete range of sizes normally produced by the fastener manufacturer shall be obtained. 6 Test methods 6.1 General For the determination of the fastener tension capacity, the timber shall be sufficien
40、tly strong for failure to occur in the fastener. The timber used shall have a target size, see EN 336, of not less than 35 mm or twice the length of the projections plus 5 mm, whichever is the greater. In the tests specified in 6.4.1 and 6.4.2 the minimum timber thickness should be limited to that p
41、roposed for use in service. Test data of anchorage capacity should not be applied to joints with members thinner than those tested, but may be applied to joints with thicker members. NOTE Examples of properly located transducers are given in Annex C (informative). If there are no special requirement
42、s, the timber shall be planed; the difference in thickness between adjoining pieces shall not exceed 0,5 mm. For each test piece, the two individual members to be joined shall be cut from adjacent positions on the same plank to ensure a test piece of balanced density. In each group of similar test p
43、ieces, the timber for each test piece shall be cut from a different plank. Timber members for the test pieces shall be cut so that the areas to which the fasteners are embedded are free from knots, local grain disturbance, fissures and wane. Elsewhere the members shall be free from characteristics w
44、hich could lead to premature failure in the timber. The moisture content of the timber and its density shall be determined. 6.2 Conditioning The test pieces shall be manufactured with the timber at an equilibrium moisture content corresponding to (20 2) C and (85 5) % relative humidity and shall aft
45、erwards be conditioned for at least one week at (20 2) C and (65 5) % relative humidity. The timber material is conditioned when it attains constant mass. Constant mass is considered to be attained when the results of two successive weightings, carried out at an interval of 6 h, do not differ by mor
46、e than 0,1 % of the mass of the timber material. For certain investigations other moisture conditioning may be appropriate, and shall be reported. NOTE For some hardwoods a much longer conditioning period may be necessary. 6.3 Fabrication of test pieces Test pieces shall be made with two fasteners p
47、ositioned parallel to each other and symmetrically on opposite faces of the joint. The size and geometry of the test pieces will depend upon fastener size and the property being measured. The test pieces shall be assembled using the method (e.g. press or roller) normally used with the particular fas
48、teners in the commercial production of structural timber components and the projections of the fastener shall be fully embedded in the timber so that the contact surface of the fastener is flush with the surface of the timber. If complementary nails are used to locate fasteners during the assembly o
49、f joints, such nails shall either be omitted from the test pieces or withdrawn prior to the test. The fasteners shall not be modified by the removal of any projections or by notching. In the case of the testing of fastener compression capacity (see 6.4.4), the test piece shall be fabricated so that the pieces of timber in the test piece are separated by a gap of not less than 4 mm. BS EN 1075:2014EN 1075:2014 (E) 9 In the case of the other test series, the test piece shall be fabricated so that the pieces of timbe
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