1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1097-1:2011T e s t s f o r m e c h a n i c a l and physical properties of aggregatesPart 1: Determination of the resistance to wear (micro-Deval)BS EN 1097-1:2011 BRITISH S
2、TANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1097-1:2011. Itsupersedes BS EN 1097-1:1996 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/502/6, Test methods.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beob
3、tained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 71031 5 ICS 91.100.15Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.Th
4、is British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2011. Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 1097-1:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1097-1 January 2011 ICS 91.100.15 Supersedes E
5、N 1097-1:1996English Version Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of the resistance to wear (micro-Deval) Essais pour dterminer les caractristiques mcaniques et physiques des granulats - Partie 1: Dtermination de la rsistance lusure (micro-Deval) Prfverf
6、ahren fr mechanische und physikalische Eigenschaften von Gesteinskrnungen - Teil 1: Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Verschlei (Micro-Deval) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 December 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the
7、conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard e
8、xists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national
9、standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
10、and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1097
11、-1:2011: EBS EN 1097-1:2011EN 1097-1:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Principle 45 Apparatus .55.1 General apparatus .55.2 Additional apparatus required for the determination of the micro-Deval coefficient of aggregate 56 Preparation of
12、the test specimens .77 Test procedure .78 Calculation and expression of results .89 Test report 8Annex A (normative) Determination of the resistance to wear (micro-Deval) of railway ballast 95 Apparatus .96 Preparation of the test specimens .97 Test procedure .98 Calculation and expression of result
13、s .99 Test report . 10Annex B (informative) Determination of micro-Deval coefficient in the dry condition . 11B.1 Introduction . 11B.2 Apparatus 11B.3 Preparation of sample for testing . 11B.4 Test procedure 11B.5 Calculation and expression of results 11B.6 Report 11Annex C (informative) Alternative
14、 narrow range classification for the micro-Deval test . 129 Test report . 12Annex D (informative) Precision . 13Bibliography . 14BS EN 1097-1:2011EN 1097-1:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1097-1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 154 “Aggregates”, the secretariat of which is
15、 held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility tha
16、t some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document replaces EN 1097-1:1996. This standard forms part of a series of tests for mechanical and physical properties of
17、aggregates. Test methods for other properties of aggregates will be covered by the following European Standards: EN 932 (all parts), Tests for general properties of aggregates; EN 933 (all parts), Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates; EN 1367 (all parts), Tests for thermal and weathering p
18、roperties of aggregates; EN 1744 (all parts), Tests for chemical properties of aggregates; EN 13179 (all parts), Tests for filler aggregate used in bituminous mixtures. The other Parts of EN 1097 will be: Part 2: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation; Part 3: Determination of
19、loose bulk density and voids; Part 4: Determination of the voids of dry compacted filler; Part 5: Determination of the water content by drying in a ventilated oven; Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption; Part 7: Determination of the particle density of filler Pyknometer meth
20、od; Part 8: Determination of the polished stone value; Part 9: Determination of the resistance to wear by abrasion from studded tyres Nordic test; Part 10: Determination of water suction height. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
21、countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
22、Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 1097-1:2011EN 1097-1:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard describes the reference method used for type testing and in case of dispute for determining the resistance to wear of coarse aggregates (main text) and aggregates for railway
23、 ballast (Annex A). For other purposes, in particular factory production control, other methods may be used provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established. The sample is normally tested in a wet condition, but the test may also be carried out in a dr
24、y condition. This European Standard applies to natural, manufactured or recycled aggregates used in building or civil engineering. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. F
25、or undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 932-2, Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 2: Methods for reducing laboratory samples EN 932-5, Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 5: Common equipment and calibration
26、EN 933-1:1997, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution Sieving method EN ISO 4788, Laboratory glassware Graduated measuring cylinders (ISO 4788:2005) ISO 3290-1, Rolling bearings Balls Part 1: Steel balls 3 Terms and definitions For the purp
27、oses of this document, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 test portion sample used as a whole in a single test 3.2 test specimen sample used in a single determination when a test method requires more than one determination of a property 3.3 laboratory sample reduced sample derived from a
28、 bulk sample for laboratory testing 3.4 constant mass mass determined by successive weightings performed at least 1 h apart and not differing by more than 0,1% NOTE In many cases, constant mass can be achieved after a test portion has been dried for a pre-determined period in a specified oven at (11
29、0 5) C. Test laboratories can determine the time required to achieve constant mass for specific types and sizes of sample dependent upon the drying capacity of the oven used. 4 Principle The test determines the micro-Deval coefficient which is the percentage of the original sample reduced to a size
30、smaller than 1,6 mm during rolling. BS EN 1097-1:2011EN 1097-1:2011 (E) 5 The test consists of measuring the wear produced by friction between the aggregates and an abrasive charge in a rotating drum under defined conditions. When rolling is complete, the percentage retained on a 1,6 mm sieve is use
31、d to calculate the micro-Deval coefficient. The test method described in this European Standard is the reference method and is carried out with dry aggregate with the addition of water to give a value of MDE. Annex B gives details of how the test can be performed without the addition of water, to gi
32、ve a value of MDS. NOTE A lower value of the micro-Deval coefficient indicates a better resistance to wear. 5 Apparatus Unless otherwise stated, all apparatus shall conform to the general requirements of EN 932-5. 5.1 General apparatus 5.1.1 Balance, capable of weighing both the test specimen and th
33、e charge to an accuracy of 0,1 % of the mass of the test portion. 5.1.2 Test sieves: 1,6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 11,2 mm (or 12,5 mm) and 14 mm. 5.1.3 Ventilated oven, controlled to maintain a temperature of (110 5) C. 5.1.4 Means of washing the sieved sample. 5.1.5 Equipment for reducing the laboratory sa
34、mples to a test portion, as described in EN 932-2. 5.1.6 Graduated glass measuring cylinder (or cylinders), conforming to EN ISO 4788, or other means of measuring (2,5 0,05) l of water. 5.2 Additional apparatus required for the determination of the micro-Deval coefficient of aggregate 5.2.1 A typica
35、l micro-Deval apparatus as shown in Figure 1. A micro-Deval apparatus shall have the following essential characteristics as specified in 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 5.2.5 and 5.2.6. BS EN 1097-1:2011EN 1097-1:2011 (E) 6 Key 1 drums 2 electric motor and reduction gearing 3 fixed shaft 4 frame 5 flexible cou
36、pling 6 drive wheel 7 cross section of a drum Figure 1 Diagram of typical apparatus 5.2.2 It shall consist of one of four hollow drums, closed at one end, having an inside diameter of (200 1) mm and an internal length measured from the base to the inside of the lid of (154 1) mm. The drums shall be
37、made of stainless steel at least 3 mm thick which are placed on two shafts which rotate on a horizontal axis. 5.2.3 The insides of drums shall be free of protrusions resulting from welding or the method of attachment. The drums shall be closed by flat lids at least 8 mm thick and fitted with waterti
38、ght and dust tight seals. 5.2.4 The abrasive charge shall consist of steel balls complying with ISO 3290-1 (10 0,5) mm in diameter. NOTE The diameter of the balls can be checked quickly by passing them over parallel bars 9,5 mm apart. BS EN 1097-1:2011EN 1097-1:2011 (E) 7 5.2.5 A suitable motor (a c
39、apacity of about 1 kW is typical) to drive the drums at a regular speed of rotation of (100 r/min). 5.2.6 A counter or other device shall be fitted, which automatically stops the motor after the specified number of revolutions. 6 Preparation of the test specimens The mass of the sample sent to the l
40、aboratory shall have at least 2 kg of particles in the 10 mm to 14 mm size range. NOTE Alternative size fractions for different end uses are given in Annex C. Testing other size fractions may produce results different from those obtained using the 10/14 mm size fraction and the size fraction used sh
41、ould be given in the test report. The test shall be carried out on aggregate passing the 14 mm sieve and retained on the 10 mm sieve. In addition, the grading of the test portion shall comply with at least one of the following requirements: a) between 30 % and 40 % passing a 11,2 mm sieve; or b) bet
42、ween 60 % and 70 % passing a 12,5 mm sieve. Sieve the laboratory sample using the 10 mm, 11,2 mm (or 12,5 mm) and 14 mm sieves to give separate fractions in the range 10 mm to 11,2 mm (or 12,5 mm) and 11,2 mm (or 12,5 mm) to 14 mm. Wash each fraction separately, in accordance with 7.1 of EN 933-1:19
43、97, and dry them in the oven at (110 5) C to constant mass. Allow the fractions to cool to ambient temperature. Mix the two fractions to provide a modified 10 mm to 14 mm laboratory sample which complies with the appropriate additional grading requirements given in paragraph 2 of this clause. Reduce
44、 the modified laboratory sample prepared from the mixed fractions to test portion size in accordance with the requirements of EN 932-2. The test portion shall consist of two test specimens, each having a mass of (500 2) g. 7 Test procedure Place each test specimen into a separate drum. Add (5 000 5)
45、 g of steel balls to each drum. NOTE When testing alternative size fractions according to Annex C, the mass of ball load in Table C.1 should be used. Add (2,5 0,05) l of water to each drum. Fit a lid to each drum, and place each drum on the two shafts. Rotate the drums at a speed of (100 5) min1 for
46、 (12 000 10) revolutions. After the test, collect the aggregate and the steel balls in a pan, taking care to avoid the loss of any aggregate. Using a washing bottle, carefully wash the inside of the drum and the lid, and retain the washings. Empty the material and all the washings on to the 1,6 mm s
47、ieve protected by an 8 mm guard sieve. Wash the materials in a stream of clean water. BS EN 1097-1:2011EN 1097-1:2011 (E) 8 Carefully separate the aggregate particles retained on the 8 mm guard sieve from the steel balls, taking care not to lose any aggregate particles. The aggregate particles may b
48、e picked out by hand, or the balls may be removed from the sieve using a magnet. Place the aggregate particles retained on the 8 mm guard sieve onto a tray. Add the material retained on the 1,6 mm sieve to the same tray. Dry the tray and its contents in the oven at (110 5) C. Complete the determinat
49、ion of the mass retained on the 1,6 mm sieve in accordance with EN 933-1. Record the mass (m) retained on the 1,6 mm sieve to the nearest gram. 8 Calculation and expression of results For each test specimen calculate the micro-Deval coefficient, MDE, to the nearest 0,1 units using the following equation: 5500 mMDE= where: MDEis the micro-Deval coefficient (in the wet condition); m is t
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