EN 1097-11-2013 en Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 11 Determination of compressibility and confined compressive strength of lightweight aggregates.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1097-11:2013T e s t s f o r m e c h a n i c a l a n d physical properties of aggregatesPart 11: Determination of compressibility and confined compressive strength of lightweight aggregatesBS EN 1097-11:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the

2、UK implementation of EN 1097-11:2013. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/502/6, Test methods.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary pro

3、visions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 80002 3 ICS 91.100.15 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was publ

4、ished under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 1097-11:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1097-11 July 2013 ICS 91.100.15 English Version Tests for mechanical and phys

5、ical properties of aggregates - Part 11: Determination of compressibility and confined compressive strength of lightweight aggregates Essais pour dterminer les caractristiques mcaniques et physiques des granulats - Partie 11: Dtermination de la compressibilit et de la rsistance la compression triaxi

6、ale des granulats lgers Prfverfahren fr mechanische und physikalische Eigenschaften von Gesteinskrnungen - Teil 11: Bestimmung der Verdichtbarkeit und Druckfestigkeit bei behinderter Querdehnung von leichten GesteinskrnungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 June 2013. CEN members are

7、bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to th

8、e CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Cent

9、re has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuani

10、a, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2

11、013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1097-11:2013: EBS EN 1097-11:2013EN 1097-11:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Principle 4 5 Apparatus .4 6 Prepar

12、ation of test specimens .6 7 Procedure .6 7.1 Measurement of height h0.6 7.2 Filling of the container 6 7.3 Compressibility 6 7.4 Load and deformation measurements 7 8 Calculation and expression of results .7 8.1 Bulk density 7 8.2 Compressibility 8 8.3 Confined compressive stressdeformation curve .

13、8 8.4 Confined compressive strength .9 9 Test report . 10 9.1 Required data 10 9.2 Optional data . 11 Annex A (informative) Precision . 12 Bibliography . 13 BS EN 1097-11:2013EN 1097-11:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1097-11:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 154 “Aggregate

14、s”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2014. Atte

15、ntion is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of

16、 the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Neth

17、erlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1097-11:2013EN 1097-11:2013 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the reference method used for type testing, and in case of dispute, for determining the compress

18、ibility and confined compressive strength of lightweight aggregates (LWA). For other purposes, in particular factory production control, other methods may be used provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established. The test is applicable to LWA passing t

19、he 32 mm sieve. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (inc

20、luding any amendments) applies. EN 932-2, Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 2: Methods for reducing laboratory samples EN 932-5, Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 5: Common equipment and calibration EN 1097-5, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Par

21、t 5: Determination of the water content by drying in a ventilated oven prEN 13055:2012, Lightweight aggregates for concrete, mortar, grout, bituminous mixtures, surface treatments and for unbound and bound applications 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitio

22、ns given in prEN 13055:2012 and the following apply. 3.1 bulk density mass of loose filled or compacted aggregates divided by the part of the volume of the container that they occupy Note 1 to entry: The measurement of this bulk density is different from the one defined in EN 1097-3. 3.2 test specim

23、en sample used in a single determination when a test method requires more than one determination of a property 4 Principle First, a test specimen is placed in a steel container and compacted by vibration for the purpose of determining the compressibility and bulk densities before and after vibration

24、. Second, the steel container filled with this test specimen is subjected to a compression test with a constant loading rate until a given percentage of deformation is reached. During this second step, the load and displacement are continuously recorded in order to determine the confined compressive

25、 stressdeformation curve and to calculate the confined compressive strength. 5 Apparatus Unless otherwise stated, all apparatus shall conform to the general requirements of EN 932-5. 5.1 Ventilated oven, thermostatically controlled to maintain a temperature of (110 5) C. 5.2 Polyethylene bags, of su

26、itable sizes. BS EN 1097-11:2013EN 1097-11:2013 (E) 5 5.3 Balance, of adequate capacity with an actual scale interval of 0,1 g. 5.4 Cylindrical test container made of stainless steel, with an internal diameter and height of (200 0,5) mm. Minimum thickness of the cylinder shall be 7,5 mm (see Figure

27、1). The inside of container shall be free of protrusions resulting for example from welding. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 load cell 5 cylindrical test container 2 spherical seating 6 removable extension 3 load distribution steel plate 7 hydraulic press 4 test specimen A, B dial gauges Figure 1 Ex

28、ample of test apparatus 5.5 Vibrating table, capable of vibrating the steel container vertically with a frequency of (50 2) Hz and an amplitude (0,50 0,10) mm. The steel container should be tightened to the vibration table if a free steel container causes unstable amplitude. BS EN 1097-11:2013EN 109

29、7-11:2013 (E) 6 5.6 Removable extension, that tightly fits on top of the cylindrical container, acting as a guide for the load distribution steel plate (5.7). Minimum height of the extension shall be 65 mm (see Figure 1). 5.7 Load distribution steel plate, with a mass of (12,1 0,2) kg, diameter (199

30、 0,5) mm and thickness (50 0,5) mm (see Figure 1). The steel plate should have a diameter at least 0,5 mm smaller than the container inside diameter. 5.8 Spherical seating or any other appropriate device to ensure an even distribution of the load. 5.9 Dial gauges, with an actual scale interval of 0,

31、02 mm. 5.10 Slide calliper, with an actual scale interval of 0,1 mm. 5.11 Hydraulic press, or similar device capable to apply a continuous increase in load of (0,060 0,002) kN/s. 5.12 A monitoring system, such as a computer with an acquisition unit, capable of monitoring the load applied by the hydr

32、aulic press and recording both the load and the displacements at a minimum frequency of 10 Hz. 6 Preparation of test specimens Prepare three test specimens of volume 8 l each according to EN 932-2. Dry the test specimens at (110 5) C to constant mass according to EN 1097-5. Allow to cool to ambient

33、temperature. In case moist materials are tested, the moisture content shall be recorded. 7 Procedure 7.1 Measurement of height h0Insert the steel plate into the empty container so that it lies on the bottom. Tightly fit the extension on top of the container. Measure the distance between the top of t

34、he extension and the steel plate, h0, using the slide calliper (see Figure 2). Remove the extension and steel plate from the container. NOTE Height h0does not need to be determined each time a test is performed. 7.2 Filling of the container Weigh and record the mass of the container, M0. Place the f

35、irst test specimen in a plastic bag. Then place the opening of the bag in the bottom of the test container. Slowly lift the bag and fill the container with the test specimen. Level the surface with a straight edge taking care not to compact it. Weigh the container with the test specimen, M1. Calcula

36、te the mass of the test specimen, M2= M1 M0. 7.3 Compressibility Place the filled container on the vibrating table and tighten it to the table. Tightly fit the extension on top of the container. Place the load distribution steel plate on the surface of the test specimen and measure the distance betw

37、een the top of the extension and the steel plate, h1, using the slide calliper (see Figure 2). Vibrate the test specimen for (180 5) s and measure the distance between the top of the extension and the steel plate, h2, using the slide calliper. BS EN 1097-11:2013EN 1097-11:2013 (E) 7 Dimensions in mi

38、llimetres Key h0distance between the top of the extension and the steel plate at the bottom of the empty container h1distance before vibration between the top of the extension and the steel plate h2distance after vibration between the top of the extension and the steel plate Figure 2 Height measurem

39、ents to be carried out before and after vibration 7.4 Load and deformation measurements Place the filled container with its extension and steel plate inside the press and zero the dial gauges. Apply the load, F, continuously at a rate of (0,060 0,002) kN/s. Increase the load until the displacement,

40、, reaches at least 10 % of the height after vibration, h0 h2. Record the displacement continuously as the mean value of a minimum of two gauges and record the load, F. Repeat 7.2 to 7.4 with the remaining test specimens. 8 Calculation and expression of results 8.1 Bulk density For each test specimen

41、, calculate the bulk densities before vibration, 0, and after vibration, 1, in accordance with the following formulae: 6102010)(=AhhM(1) and 6202110)(=AhhM(2) where M2is the mass of the test specimen, in kilograms; A is the area of the load distributed steel plate, in square millimetres; h0is the di

42、stance between the top of the extension and the steel plate at the bottom of the empty container, in millimetres; BS EN 1097-11:2013EN 1097-11:2013 (E) 8 h1is the distance before vibration between the top of the extension and the steel plate, in millimetres; h2is the distance after vibration between

43、 the top of the extension and the steel plate, in millimetres. The bulk density before and after vibration, expressed in megagrams per cubic metres, shall be stated to three decimal places. Calculate and report the mean bulk density of the three test specimens before vibration to two decimal places.

44、 Calculate and report the mean bulk density of the three test specimens after vibration to two decimal places. 8.2 Compressibility Calculate the compressibility, C, of each test specimen after vibration, expressed as a percentage of the initial height, in accordance with the following formula: 10121

45、00hhhhC= (3) where h0is the distance between the top of the extension and the steel plate at the bottom of the empty container, in millimetres; h1is the distance before vibration between the top of the extension and the steel plate, in millimetres; h2is the distance after vibration between the top o

46、f the extension and the steel plate, in millimetres. The compressibility shall be expressed as a percentage to one decimal place. 8.3 Confined compressive stressdeformation curve The confined compressive stressdeformation curve shall be calculated according to the following steps: a) Sample recorded

47、 values of the load and displacement to retain a point for any variation of the load larger than 0,02 kN or any variation of the displacement larger than 0,02 mm. b) Calculate the confined compressive stress, (F), from the load at any of these points according to the following formula: (AFF =)(4) wh

48、ere (F) is the confined compressive stress, in megapascals; F is the load, in newtons; A is the area of the load distribution steel plate, in square millimetres. The confined compressive stress, (F), at load F shall be rounded to three decimal places. c) Calculate the deformation, DF, from the displ

49、acements at any of these points according to the following formula: BS EN 1097-11:2013EN 1097-11:2013 (E) 9 20100hhDF=(5) where is the mean value of the displacements measured by at least two dial gauges, in millimetres; h0is the distance between the top of the extension and the steel plate at the bottom of the empty container, in millimetres; h2is the distance after vibration between the top of the extension and the steel plate, in millimetres. The deformation, DF, at load F shall be expressed as a per