EN 1097-9-2014 en Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 9 Determination of the resistance to wear by abrasion from studded tyres - Nordic test《集料力学性能和物理.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1097-9:2014Tests for mechanical andphysical properties ofaggregatesPart 9: Determination of the resistance towear by abrasion from studded tyres Nordic testBS EN 1097-9:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1097-9:20

2、14. Itsupersedes BS EN 1097-9:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/502, Aggregates.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the ne

3、cessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 80136 5ICS 91.100.15Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard wa

4、s published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 1097-9:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1097-9 January 2014 ICS 91.100.15 Supersedes EN 1097-9:1998 English Version Test

5、s for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 9: Determination of the resistance to wear by abrasion from studded tyres - Nordic test Essais pour dterminer les proprits mcaniques et physiques des granulats - Partie 9: Dtermination de la rsistance lusure par abrasion provoque par les

6、pneus crampons - Essai scandinave Prfverfahren fr mechanische und physikalische Eigenschaften von Gesteinskrnungen - Teil 9: Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Verschlei durch Spikereifen - Nordische Prfung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 November 2013. CEN members are bound to comply

7、 with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC M

8、anagement Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same

9、 status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,

10、Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014

11、 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1097-9:2014 E BS EN 1097-9:2014EN 1097-9:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Principle 6 5 Apparatus .6 5.1 Standard a

12、pparatus .6 5.2 Special apparatus 6 6 Preparation of test specimens .8 7 Procedure .9 8 Calculation and expression of results .9 9 Test report . 10 9.1 Required data 10 9.2 Optional data . 10 10 Precision 10 Annex A (informative) Alternative 8/11,2 mm size fraction for the Nordic test 11 Bibliograph

13、y . 12 BS EN 1097-9:2014EN 1097-9:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1097-9:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 154 “Aggregates”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identic

14、al text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2014 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsib

15、le for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1097-9:1998. The main technical changes compared to EN 1097-9:1998 are the following: 1) Scope: rewritten to allow the use of other methods under precise conditions; 5) Apparatus: Possibility to use other suitable equipmen

16、t for drying aggregates than the prescribed ventilated oven. Steel quality has been updated; 6) Preparation of test specimens: rewritten (Mass of test portion: Formula revised, Loading the drum: Order changed); 8) Calculation and expression of results: the re-testing criteria has been amended and su

17、pplemented with Dixon test guidelines; 9) Test report: required and optional data have harmonized according to document CEN/TC 154/SC 6 N 1120. The test procedure specified in this European Standard has been developed in Finland, Norway and Sweden where studded tyres are frequently used during cold

18、seasons. This European Standard forms part of a series of tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates. Test methods for other properties of aggregates are covered by the following European Standards: EN 932, Tests for general properties of aggregates EN 933, Tests for geometrical prop

19、erties of aggregates EN 1367, Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates EN 1744, Tests for chemical properties of aggregates EN 13179, Tests for filler aggregate used in bituminous mixtures EN 1097, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates, consists of the following

20、 parts: Part 1: Determination of the resistance to wear (micro-Deval) Part 2: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation Part 3: Determination of loose bulk density and voids Part 4: Determination of the voids of dry compacted filler BS EN 1097-9:2014EN 1097-9:2014 (E) 4 Part 5: De

21、termination of the water content by drying in a ventilated oven Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption Part 7: Determination of the particle density of filler Pyknometer method Part 8: Determination of the polished stone value Part 10: Water suction height Part 11: Determinat

22、ion of compressibility and confined compressive strength of lightweight aggregates According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Repu

23、blic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS E

24、N 1097-9:2014EN 1097-9:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard describes the reference method, used for type testing and in case of dispute, for determination of the resistance of coarse aggregate to wear by abrasion from studded tyres. For other purposes, in particular factory production control,

25、 other methods may be used, provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established. The test is applicable to aggregates with a size fraction of 11,2 mm to 16 mm. NOTE An alternative size fraction 8/11,2 mm for different end uses is given in Annex A. 2 Norma

26、tive references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)

27、applies. EN 932-2:1999, Tests for general properties of aggregates - Part 2: Methods for reducing laboratory samples EN 932-5, Tests for general properties of aggregates - Part 5: Common equipment and calibration EN 933-1, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of par

28、ticle size distribution - Sieving method EN 933-2, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution - Test sieves, nominal size of apertures EN 1097-6:2013, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 6: Determination of parti

29、cle density and water absorption EN ISO 4788, Laboratory glassware - Graduated measuring cylinders (ISO 4788) ISO 3290-1, Rolling bearings Balls Part 1: Steel balls ISO 9329-4, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes Technical delivery conditions Part 4: Austenitic stainless steels 3 Terms and de

30、finitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 test specimen sample used in a single determination when a test method requires more than one determination of a property 3.2 laboratory sample sample intended for laboratory testing 3.3 constant mass mass de

31、termined after successive weighings at least 1 h apart not differing by more than 0,1 % BS EN 1097-9:2014EN 1097-9:2014 (E) 6 Note 1 to entry: In many cases constant mass can be achieved after a test specimen has been dried for a pre-determined period in a specified oven at (110 5) C. Test laborator

32、ies can determine the time required to achieve constant mass for specific types and sizes of sample dependent upon the drying capacity of the oven used. 4 Principle A sample of a single-sized aggregate, 11,2 mm to 16,0 mm, is rotated together with steel balls and water in a steel drum. Three ribs, w

33、hich are mounted on the interior of the drum, improve the mixing of the aggregate particles and the steel balls. The contents roll within the drum with an abrading action. After the specified number of revolutions, the contents are removed from the drum and the aggregate portion is sieved on the 2 m

34、m sieve to measure the wear as a percentage loss. 5 Apparatus Unless otherwise stated, all apparatus shall conform to the general requirements of EN 932-5. 5.1 Standard apparatus 5.1.1 Balance, capable of weighing both the test specimen and the charge to an accuracy of 0,1 % of the mass of the test

35、specimen. 5.1.2 Set of sieves, 2,0 mm; 11,2 mm; 14,0 mm; 16,0 mm conforming to EN 933-2. 5.1.3 Guard sieve, for protecting the 2 mm sieve. 5.1.4 Ventilated oven, thermostatically controlled to maintain a temperature of (110 5) C. 5.1.5 Means of washing the sieved sample. 5.1.6 Equipment for reducing

36、 the laboratory samples, as specified in EN 932-2. 5.1.7 Graduated glass measuring cylinder (or cylinders), conforming to EN ISO 4788, or other means of measuring (2,00 0,01) l of water. 5.2 Special apparatus 5.2.1 Testing machine, a typical testing machine is detailed in Figure 1 with essential cha

37、racteristics as specified in 5.2.2 to 5.2.7 5.2.2 A watertight hollow drum, closed at one end, having an inside diameter of (206,5 2,0) mm and an internal length measured from the inside of the base to the inside of the lid of (335 1) mm. The drum shall be made of a seamless steel tube conforming to

38、 grade TS 5 of ISO 9329-4, with a minimum wall thickness of 6,0 mm. The drum shall be closed by a flat lid at least 8 mm thick and fitted with watertight and dust seals. The drum shall rotate on a horizontal axis, e.g. placed on 2 shafts as shown in Figure 1. 5.2.3 Three ribs, each with a length of

39、(333 1) mm, shall be equally spaced around the internal circumference of the cylinder. The three ribs shall be removable, having an initial profile as shown in Figure 2, and be made of hard and tough steel NOTE Spring steel conforming to EN 10089 or ISO 683-14 is suitable. Each rib shall be rigidly

40、secured to the drum with at least three M4 countersunk fixings. BS EN 1097-9:2014EN 1097-9:2014 (E) 7 Before first use, the ribs shall be preground in the drum for (24 1) h using an aggregate with a Nordic abrasion value of not more than 6,0 prepared in accordance with Clause 6. Each rib shall be re

41、placed when, or before, its mass is less than 15,0 g less than its mass before it was preground. 5.2.4 Abrasive charge, consisting of ball bearings of (15,0 + 0,1/-0,5) mm diameter, as specified in ISO 3290-1. The hardness shall be between HRC 60 and HRC 67. NOTE 1 The lower limit deviation of the b

42、all diameter is a working tolerance limit. NOTE 2 The minimum permissible diameter of the balls can be checked quickly by passing them over the gauge (see 5.2.7). 5.2.5 Motor, capable of driving the drum at a regular speed of rotation of (90 3) r/min. 5.2.6 Counter, or other suitable device which au

43、tomatically stops the rotation after (5 400 10) revolutions. 5.2.7 Gauge, (optional) to control minimum ball size, fitted with slots 14,5 + 0,1/0 mm wide. 5.2.8 Magnet, (optional) for removal of the charge from the aggregate test sample after abrasion. A magnet which is too strong should not be used

44、 as the balls can become magnetised. Detail X Typical lid edge Key 1 lid 2 cylinder 3 rubber packing Figure 1 Typical testing machine BS EN 1097-9:2014EN 1097-9:2014 (E) 8 Dimensions in millimetres Detail Y, Rib detail before pregrinding Section of the drum with the three ribs With a tolerance of 0,

45、5 mm Figure 2 The three ribs 6 Preparation of test specimens The mass of the laboratory sample shall be large enough for the preparation of four test specimens. The grading of the test specimen shall have (65 1) % passing the 14,0 mm sieve, i.e. (35 1) % of the test specimen shall consist of particl

46、es in the 14,0 to 16,0 mm size range. Each test specimen shall have an initial dry mass, M1, in grams, defined in accordance with the following formula: = Mp1100052,65where M1is the initial dry mass of the test specimen (in grams); pis the pre-dried particle density determined in accordance with EN

47、1097-6:2013, Annex A, in megagrams per cubic metre. Wash the laboratory sample on the 2 mm sieve and dry it to constant mass in the oven at (110 5) C. Allow the washed and dried sample to cool to ambient temperature. Sieve the sample according to EN 933-1 to provide a sufficient amount for the prepa

48、ration of at least two test specimens. Use the 11,2 mm, 14,0 mm and 16,0 mm sieves to give two separate particle size fractions 11,2/14 mm and 14/16 mm. Reduce the size fractions in accordance with EN 932-2:1999, Clause 11, in order to get a test specimen of the specified composition. BS EN 1097-9:2

49、014EN 1097-9:2014 (E) 9 NOTE It is also acceptable to compose a sufficient amount of the test sample 11,2/16 mm and then reduce this amount to the required mass of the test specimens. 7 Procedure Place the charge of (7000 10) g into the drum. Add then the test specimen and finally (2,00 0,01) l of water. Fit the lid to the drum. Rotate the drum at a speed of (90 3) r/min for (5400 10) revolutions. After the test, collect the aggregate and the steel balls in a pan, taking care to avoid