1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 12195-1:2010Load restraining on roadvehicles SafetyPart 1: Calculation of securing forcesBS EN 12195-1:2010Incorporating corrigendum July 2013BS EN 12195-1:2010Incorporating corrigenda July 2013 and March 2014BS EN 12195-1:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis Bri
2、tish Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12195-1:2010, incorporating corrigenda July 2013 and March 2014. It supersedes BS EN 12195-1:2003 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/16, Load restraint assemblies.A list of organizations rep
3、resented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0
4、 580 86242 7ICS 43.020; 55.180.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2010.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affecte
5、d31 August 2013 Implementation of CEN corrigendum July 2013: Figure 8 updated30 April 2014 Implementation of CEN corrigendum March 2014: Figure 8 updatedBS EN 12195-1:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12195-1 November 2010 ICS 55.180.99 Supersedes EN 12195-1:2003English Versio
6、n Load restraining on road vehicles - Safety - Part 1: Calculation of securing forces Dispositifs darrimage des charges bord des vhicules routiers - Scurit - Partie 1: Calcul des forces de retenueLadungssicherung auf Straenfahrzeugen - Sicherheit - Teil 1: Berechnung von Sicherungskrften This Europe
7、an Standard was approved by CEN on 12 May 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concern
8、ing such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own
9、language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
10、 Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
11、2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12195-1:2010: EIncorporating corrigendum July 2013Incorporating corrigenda July 2013 and March 2014BS EN 12195-1:2010EN 12195-1:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4Introduction .
12、51 Scope 62 Normative references 63 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviations. 63.1 General terms and definitions 63.2 Terms and definition of calculation parameters . 83.3 Symbols, units and terms . 104 Acceleration coefficients 114.1 General 114.2 Load on load carriers during road trans
13、port 114.3 Load on load carriers during rail transport . 124.4 Load on load carriers during sea transport 125 Methods of calculation 135.1 General 135.2 Stability of unsecured load . 145.3 Blocking 155.4 Frictional lashing . 165.4.1 General 165.4.2 Avoiding sliding . 165.4.3 Avoiding tilting . 175.5
14、 Direct lashing . 205.5.1 General 205.5.2 Slope lashing in longitudinal or transverse direction 205.5.3 Diagonal lashing 215.5.4 Loop lashing . 245.5.5 Spring lashing 276 Parameters . 286.1 Friction factor . 286.2 Transmission of force during frictional lashing . 297 Cargo securing testing 298 Instr
15、uction for use . 298.1 General 298.2 Marking . 30Annex A (informative) Examples for the calculation of lashing forces . 31Annex B (normative) Friction . 38B.1 Practical methods for the determination of the friction factor 38B.1.1 General 38B.1.2 Inclination test 38B.1.3 Pulling test 38B.2 Friction f
16、actors of some usual goods and surfaces . 39Annex C (informative) Load securing protocol 41Annex D (normative) Practical tests for determination of the efficiency of cargo securing arrangements 42D.1 Dynamic driving test . 42BS EN 12195-1:2010EN 12195-1:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4Introductio
17、n . 51 Scope 62 Normative references 63 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviations. 63.1 General terms and definitions 63.2 Terms and definition of calculation parameters . 83.3 Symbols, units and terms . 104 Acceleration coefficients 114.1 General 114.2 Load on load carriers during road t
18、ransport 114.3 Load on load carriers during rail transport . 124.4 Load on load carriers during sea transport 125 Methods of calculation 135.1 General 135.2 Stability of unsecured load . 145.3 Blocking 155.4 Frictional lashing . 165.4.1 General 165.4.2 Avoiding sliding . 165.4.3 Avoiding tilting . 1
19、75.5 Direct lashing . 205.5.1 General 205.5.2 Slope lashing in longitudinal or transverse direction 205.5.3 Diagonal lashing 215.5.4 Loop lashing . 245.5.5 Spring lashing 276 Parameters . 286.1 Friction factor . 286.2 Transmission of force during frictional lashing . 297 Cargo securing testing 298 I
20、nstruction for use . 298.1 General 298.2 Marking . 30Annex A (informative) Examples for the calculation of lashing forces . 31Annex B (normative) Friction . 38B.1 Practical methods for the determination of the friction factor 38B.1.1 General 38B.1.2 Inclination test 38B.1.3 Pulling test 38B.2 Fricti
21、on factors of some usual goods and surfaces . 39Annex C (informative) Load securing protocol 41Annex D (normative) Practical tests for determination of the efficiency of cargo securing arrangements 42D.1 Dynamic driving test . 42BS EN 12195-1:2010EN 12195-1:2010 (E) 3 D.2 Inclination test . 42D.2.1
22、Description of test . 42D.2.2 Example 44D.2.3 Theoretical background 45Annex E (informative) Documentation of practical tests 47Bibliography 48BS EN 12195-1:2010EN 12195-1:2010 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 12195-1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 168 “Chains, ropes, webbing,
23、 slings and accessories Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the lat
24、est by May 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12195-1:2003. The main changes compared t
25、o the previous edition of EN 12195-1 are: a) title changed; b) k-factor deleted; c) tilting factor altered; d) safety factors fS= 1,1 and fS= 1,25 and conversion factor f= 0,75 for friction introduced; e) Annex B on friction factors made normative and friction factors revised; f) test methods for th
26、e determination of the friction and verification of securing arrangements included; g) static and dynamic friction factors deleted and friction factors in accordance with Annex B introduced. EN 12195, Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles Safety , consists of the following parts: Load restraini
27、ng on road vehicles Safety Part 1: Calculation of securing forces Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles Safety Part 2: Web lashing made from man-made fibres Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles Safety Part 3: Lashing chains Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles Safety Part 4: Lashing
28、 steel wire ropes According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary
29、, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 12195-1:2010EN 12195-1:2010 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 12195-1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Comm
30、ittee CEN/TC 168 “Chains, ropes, webbing, slings and accessories Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2011, and conflicting nationa
31、l standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN
32、12195-1:2003. The main changes compared to the previous edition of EN 12195-1 are: a) title changed; b) k-factor deleted; c) tilting factor altered; d) safety factors fS= 1,1 and fS= 1,25 and conversion factor f= 0,75 for friction introduced; e) Annex B on friction factors made normative and frictio
33、n factors revised; f) test methods for the determination of the friction and verification of securing arrangements included; g) static and dynamic friction factors deleted and friction factors in accordance with Annex B introduced. EN 12195, Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles Safety , consis
34、ts of the following parts: Load restraining on road vehicles Safety Part 1: Calculation of securing forces Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles Safety Part 2: Web lashing made from man-made fibres Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles Safety Part 3: Lashing chains Load restraint assemblie
35、s on road vehicles Safety Part 4: Lashing steel wire ropes According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
36、Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 12195-1:2010EN 12195-1:2010 (E) 5 Introduction This part of EN 12195
37、has been prepared to provide a means of conforming with the essential safety requirements to calculate securing forces for load restraint assemblies to be used in the Common European Market and thus enabling unrestricted transport of cargo. This part of EN 12195 contributes to the harmonization of t
38、he calculation of load securing on road vehicles by giving the different procedures and equations of load securing. Blocking and lashing procedures and appropriate combinations are described for load securing. The equations used are based on relevant scientific and, in particular, on mechanical laws
39、 and practical experience. For this purpose, a suitable vehicle with appropriate assemblies for blocking, bracing and securing should be used to ensure safe load transportation. Transportation safety should be guaranteed by the dimensioning of load securing according to this European Standard. The e
40、xtent to which the hazards acting on the load during transport and resulting from the forces of load are addressed is given in the scope of this European Standard. In addition, load restraint assemblies for securing of loads on vehicles with respect to their securing and load bearing ability, which
41、are not covered by this European Standard, should conform to the other parts of this standard and to EN ISO 12100-2. BS EN 12195-1:2010EN 12195-1:2010 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable to the design of securing methods (blocking, lashing, and combinations) for securing of loads for
42、surface transport by road vehicles or parts of them (lorries, trailers, containers and swap bodies), including their transport on vessels or by rail and/or combinations thereof. Hump shunting with acceleration over 1 g during railway transport is excluded, as it is not foreseen in combined transport
43、. (Web lashings see EN 12195-2, lashing chains see EN 12195-3, lashing steel wire ropes see EN 12195-4). This European Standard does not apply for vehicles with a total weight equal to or lower than 3 500 kg. NOTE Lighter vehicles can have driving characteristics, which give higher values of acceler
44、ation on the road. For dimensioning of load securing a distinction is made between stable loads and loads liable to tilting. Furthermore, the acceleration coefficients for surface transport are specified. For over top lashing the force loss in the tension force of the lashing at the outer edges betw
45、een load and lashing is taken into account. The securing forces to be chosen for calculation in this EN 12195-1 are static forces produced by blocking or tensioning of lashings and dynamic forces, which act on the lashing as a reaction of the load movements. Examples for the application of calculati
46、ons are given in Annex A. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
47、EN 12195-2:2000, Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles Safety Part 2: Web lashing made from man-made fibres EN 12195-3:2001, Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles Safety Part 3: Lashing chains EN 12195-4:2003, Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles Safety Part 4: Lashing steel wire rop
48、es EN 12642:2006, Securing of cargo on road vehicles Body structure of commercial vehicles Minimum requirements EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004) 3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviations apply. 3.1 General terms and definitions 3.1.1 lashing securing method where bendable devices are used in the secur
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