1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 12278:2007Mountaineering equipment Pulleys Safety requirements and test methodsThe European Standard EN 12278:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 97.220.40g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g5
2、5g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 12278:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 September 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 57968 4National forewordThis British Standard is th
3、e UK implementation of EN 12278:2007. It supersedes BS EN 12278:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee SW/136, Sports, playground and other recreational equipment, to Subcommittee SW/136/5, Mountaineering equipment.A list of organizations
4、 represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amend
5、ments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 12278May 2007ICS 97.220.40 Supersedes EN 12278:1998 English Versiontest methodsEquipement dalpinisme et descalade - Poulies - Exigencesde scurit et mthodes dessaiBergsteigerausrstung - Seilrollen -
6、SicherheitstechnischeAnforderungen und PrfverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 April 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alter
7、ation. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by transl
8、ationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Gr
9、eece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement
10、Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12278:2007: EMountaineering equipment - Pulleys - Safety requirements andEN 12278:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normati
11、ve references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Safety requirements 4 4.1 Design .4 4.2 Strength 4 5 Test methods5 5.1 Sampling.5 5.2 Design .5 5.3 Determination of strength.6 6 Marking .7 7 Information supplied by the manufacturer .7 Annex A (informative) Standards on mountaineering equipment8 Annex Z
12、A (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC.9 Bibliography 10 EN 12278:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12278:2007) has been prepared by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 136 “Sports, play-ground and other recreational equip
13、ment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2007.
14、 This document supersedes EN 12278:1998. It is one of a series of standards for mountaineering equipment, see Annex A. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to support Essential Requirements of EU Directive 89/
15、686/EEC. For relationship with EU Directives, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulg
16、aria, Cyprus, Czech Repub-lic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 12278:2007 (E) 4 1 Scope Th
17、is European Standard specifies safety requirements and test methods for pulleys for use in mountaineering including climbing. 2 Normative references Not applicable. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 pulley one or more sheaves mo
18、unted in a block or a body, which can be used to link a rope (in accordance with EN 892 and EN 1891) or an accessory cord (in accordance with EN 564) to a connector (in accordance with EN 12275) to safeguard a mountaineer, and which reduces the friction while the rope or accessory cord is moving und
19、er load NOTE Typical examples of use are load reduction systems, tyrolian travers, zip wires and top rope belay. 3.2 sheave grooved wheel to locate the rope 4 Safety requirements 4.1 Design 4.1.1 Pulleys shall have a means for attachment of a connector which is large enough to accommodate a pin of d
20、iameter 12 mm. Testing shall be in accordance with 5.2.1. 4.1.2 The pulley, particularly its sheaves, shall be large enough to accommodate a rope or an accessory cord of such diameter as marked on the pulley. Testing shall be in accordance with 5.2.2. 4.1.3 All edges of the pulley, which come into c
21、ontact with fingers, shall be free from burrs and the like which could cause irritation or injuries. Testing shall be in accordance with 5.2.3. 4.1.4 If any sheave axle is secured by nuts or screws, the nuts and/or screws shall be locked and secured by means other than friction. 4.2 Strength 4.2.1 W
22、hen tested in accordance with 5.3.2, the sheave(s) shall be capable to rotate ten times in either direction under a force of 2 kN, applied to each sheave individually. 4.2.2 When tested is accordance with 5.3.2, the pulley shall not show signs of damage or deformation, which could affect its functio
23、n. 4.2.3 When tested in accordance with 5.3.2, the pulley shall be capable of withstanding a static force of at least 15 kN, applied to each sheave individually, without completely releasing either the rope or the steel U-bar. EN 12278:2007 (E) 5 5 Test methods 5.1 Sampling For the tests the number
24、of test samples required is determined by the number of sheaves, their size and the material from which they are made to ensure that each size/material-combination is tested. 5.2 Design 5.2.1 Test the means for attachment in accordance with 4.1.1, with the pin of (12 0,1) mm diameter. 5.2.2 Test eac
25、h sheave in accordance with 4.1.2, with the pin of (1 0,1) diameter greater than the maxi-mum diameter on the pulley. The pin shall touch the bottom of the groove (see Figure 1). Key a) right b) wrong Figure 1 Testing the groove 5.2.3 Check by visual examination and handling that the requirements in
26、 accordance with 4.1.3 are met. 5.2.4 If any sheave axle is secured by nuts or screws in accordance with 4.1.4 check by visual examination that the requirements specified in 4.1.4 are met. EN 12278:2007 (E) 6 5.3 Determination of strength 5.3.1 Apparatus The principle of the apparatus transmitting t
27、he force F is shown in Figure 3. The force F is to be transmitted a) by means of the U-bar in accordance with Figure 2 in the attachment point of the pulley and b) with a rope with nominal diameter equal to the maximum diameter on the pulley threaded through the sheaves of the pulley according to th
28、e instructions for use. Dimensions in millimetres Figure 2 Steel U-bar Key 1 identical test samples 2 steel U-bar 3 rope l 500 mm l 1 000 mm F force Figure 3 Strength test apparatus 5.3.2 Procedure 5.3.2.1 Each sheave shall be tested separately on a different test sample in accordance with 5.1. 5.3.
29、2.2 Carry out the strength test at a temperature of (23 5) C. 5.3.2.3 Rate of loading shall be (100 50) mm/min. 5.3.2.4 Under a force of (2 0,05) kN pull the rope such that the sheave of the test sample rotates con-tinuously ten times in each direction, or until it ceases to rotate. EN 12278:2007 (E
30、) 7 5.3.2.5 After the test according to 5.3.2.4, check by visual examination that the requirements according to 4.2.2 are met. 5.3.2.6 After the examination according to 5.3.2.5, increase the force until breakage and check that the requirements according to 4.2.3 are met. 5.3.2.7 Repeat the test seq
31、uence in accordance with 5.3.2.2 to 5.3.2.6 for each sheave with a different size or material on different test samples. 6 Marking Pulleys shall be marked clearly, indelibly and durably with at least the following items: a) name of the manufacturer or its representative in the European Community; b)
32、 maximum diameter of the rope in mm with which the pulley can be used; c) pictorial representation showing the maximum loads in kN which can be applied between any sheave and the attachment points, which the manufacturer ensures; the marked strength shall be a whole number of kN; d) year of the manu
33、facture. 7 Information supplied by the manufacturer The pulley shall be supplied with an explanatory leaflet, and written in at least the official language(s) of the state of destination within the European Community containing at least the following items: a) name and address of the manufacturer or
34、 its authorized representative; b) number of this European Standard, i.e. EN 12278; c) identification of the model, if more than one model is available; d) meaning of any marks on the product; e) advice on the use of the product, especially the maximum diameter of the rope with which the pulley can
35、be used, on how to pass the rope through the pulleys; f) maximum strength in kN guaranteed by the manufacturer; g) advice how to choose other components for use in the system; h) advice how to maintain/service the product; i) effects of chemical reagents; j) lifespan of the product or how to assess
36、it and that after a serious damage the product should be with-drawn from use as soon as possible; k) influence of wet and icy conditions; l) influence of storage and ageing due to use. EN 12278:2007 (E) 8 Annex A (informative) Standards on mountaineering equipment Table A.1 List of standards on moun
37、taineering equipment No Document Title 1 EN 892 Mountaineering equipment Dynamic mountaineering ropes Safety require-ments and test methods 2 EN 12275 Mountaineering equipment Connectors Safety requirements and test methods 3 EN 13089 Mountaineering equipment Ice-tools Safety requirements and test m
38、ethods 4 EN 12277 Mountaineering equipment Harnesses Safety requirements and test methods 5 EN 12492 Mountaineering equipment Helmets for mountaineers Safety requirements and test methods 6 EN 564 Mountaineering equipment Accessory cord Safety requirements and test methods 7 EN 565 Mountaineering eq
39、uipment Tape Safety requirements and test methods 8 EN 566 Mountaineering equipment Slings Safety requirements and test methods 9 EN 12276 Mountaineering equipment Frictional anchors Safety requirements and test methods 10 EN 12270 Mountaineering equipment Chocks Safety requirements and test methods
40、 11 EN 567 Mountaineering equipment Rope clamps Safety requirements and test meth-ods 12 EN 958 Mountaineering equipment Energy absorbing systems for use in klettersteig (via ferrata) climbing Safety requirements and test methods 13 EN 959 Mountaineering equipment Rock anchors Safety requirements an
41、d test meth-ods 14 EN 568 Mountaineering equipment Ice anchors Safety requirements and test methods 15 EN 569 Mountaineering equipment Pitons Safety requirements and test methods 16 EN 893 Mountaineering equipment Crampons Safety requirements and test methods 17 prEN 15151 Mountaineering equipment D
42、escenders Safety requirements and test methods 18 EN 12278 Mountaineering equipment Pulleys Safety requirements and test methods EN 12278:2007 (E) 9 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC This European Standard has
43、 been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 89/686/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to per-sonal protective eq
44、uipment. Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this
45、 standard, a presumption of confor-mity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations. Table ZA.1 Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 89/686/EEC Clause(s)/subclause(s) of this EN Essential Requirements (ERs) of Directive 89/68
46、6/EEC Qualifying remarks/ Notes 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.4, 4.2.1, 4.2.2 1.2.1 Absence of risks and other inherent nuisance 4.1.3 1.2.1.2 Satisfactory surface condition of all PPE parts in contact with the user 4.2.3 1.3.2 Lightness and design strength 6 2.12 PPE bearing one or more identification or recog
47、nition marks directly or indirectly relating to health and safety 6, 7 1.4 Information supplied by the manufacturer WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard. EN 12278:2007 (E) 10 Bibliography 1 EN 564, Mountaine
48、ering equipment Accessory cord Safety requirements and test methods 2 EN 892, Mountaineering equipment Dynamic mountaineering ropes Safety requirements and test methods 3 EN 1891, Personal protective equipment for the prevention of falls from a height Low stretch kern-mantel ropes 4 EN 12275, Mounta
49、ineering equipment Connectors Safety requirements and test methods blankBS EN 12278:2007BSI389 Chiswick High RoadLondonW4 4ALBSI British Standards InstitutionBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.RevisionsBritish Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make
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