EN 12457-1-2002 en Characterisation of waste - Leaching - Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges - Part 1 One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ra.pdf

1、 BS EN 12457-1:2002 Amd. No. National foreword Date Comments This British Standard is the official English language version of The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/508, Waste management, to Subcommittee B/508/3, Characterisation of waste, which has the respo

2、nsibility to: EN 12457-12002. - - aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed monitor related international and European developments and promulgate

3、them in the UK. - A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entit

4、led “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance

5、 with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Building and Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, Civil Engineering 13.030.20 Englis

6、h version Characterisation of waste - Leaching - Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges - Part 1 : One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 I/kg for materials with high solid content and with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction) Caractri

7、sation des dchets - Lixiviation - Essai de conformit pour la lixiviation des dchets fragments et des boues - Partie 1: Essai en bche unique avec un rapport liquide-solide de 2 Ilkg et une granularit infrieure a 4mm (sans ou avec rduction de la granularit) Charakterisierung von Abfllen - Auslaugung -

8、 bereinstimmungsuntersuchung fr die Auslaugung von krnigen Abfllen und Schlmmen - Teil 1 : Einstufiges Schttelverfahren mit einem Flssigkeits- Ifeststoffverhltnis von 2 I/kg fr Materialien mit hochem Feststoffgehalt und mit einer Korngre unter 4 mm (ohne oder mit Korngrenreduzierung) This European S

9、tandard was approved by CEN on 17 August 2002. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerni

10、ng such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own langu

11、age and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium. Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland. Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Swed

12、en, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMTTTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FOR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 8-1050 Brussels O 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Me

13、mbers. Ref. No. EN 12457-1 :2002 E EN 12457-1 :ZOO2 (E) Foreword This document (EN 12457-1:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 292, “Characterisation of waste“, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either

14、 by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2003. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and s

15、upports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement thi

16、s European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. This document has been developed primarily to support the requirements for c

17、ompliance testing within the EU and EFTA countries. This document was elaborated on the basis of : DIN 3841 4-S4: 1984 AFNOR X-31 2101992 NEN 7343:1992 NORM S 2072:1990 No existing European Standard is superseded by the publication of this European Standard. Annexes A, B, C, D, E and ZA are informat

18、ive. This document includes a Bibliography. 3 EN 12457-12002 (E) Contents Foreword 3 Introduction . 4 1 2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.1 1 3.1 2 3.1 3 3.14 3.1 5 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Scope 5 Normative references 5 Terms and definitions

19、 6 leaching test . 6 single batch leaching test . 6 serial batch leaching test 6 liquid to solid ratio LIS (abbreviation : L/S) . 6 leachant . 6 eluate . 6 liquid waste . 6 sludge 6 monolithic waste 6 granular waste 6 dry matter content ratio (abbreviation : DR) . 7 moisture content ratio (abbreviat

20、ion MC) . 7 laboratory sample 7 test sample . 7 test portion . 7 Compliance test . 7 Principle 7 Equipment and reagents . 7 Sampling strategy and sample preparation 8 Procedure . 10 Testing conditions . 10 Description of the procedure 10 Further preparation of the eluate for analysis 11 Blank test f

21、or the verification of the leaching procedure 11 Calculation 12 Documentation and test report . 12 Sample preparation . 12 Production of eluate 13 Analytical determination . 13 Calculations and blank test information . 13 Performance characteristics . 14 Objective of the validation 14 Validation stu

22、dy . 14 Validation results . 15 Summary of the performance characteristics evaluation . 17 Annex A (informative) Information on the influence on the test results of the parameters that affect leaching . 19 Annex B (informative) Test for determining whether waste is in the liquid state . 21 Annex C (

23、informative) Example of datasheet for EN 12457-1 . 22 Annex E (informative) Example of a specific liquid-solid separation procedure for soil sample . 25 Annex ZA (informative) National deviation A from France . 26 Annex D (informative) Process map for EN 12457-1 23 Bibliography 27 2 EN 12457-12002 (

24、E) Introduction In the different European countries, tests have been developed to characterise and assess the constituents which can be leached from waste materials. The release of soluble constituents upon contact with water is regarded as a main mechanism of release which results in a potential ri

25、sk to the environment during the reuse or disposal of waste materials. The intent of these tests is to identify the leaching properties of waste materials. The complexity of the leaching process makes simplifications necessary. Not all of the relevant aspects of leaching behaviour can be addressed i

26、n one standard. Tests to characterise waste materials and their behaviour can generally be divided into three categories : (1) “Basic Characterisation tests are used to obtain information on the short and long term leaching behaviour and characteristics properties of waste materials. Liquid/solid (L

27、/S) ratios, leachant composition, factors controlling leachability such as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity and physical parameters are addressed in these tests ; (2) “Compliance“ tests are used to determine whether the waste complies with specific reference values. The tests focus on key va

28、riables and leaching behaviour identified by basic characterisation tests ; (3) “On-site verification“ tests are used as a rapid check to confirm that the waste is the same as that which has been subjected to the compliance test). The procedures described in this European Standard fall in category 2

29、 : compliance tests. The four procedures described in the four following European Standards are based on different liquid to solid (LE) ratios and different particle sizes because these parameters, among others, play an important role in the leaching process: EN 12457-1, One stage batch test at a li

30、quid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg for materials with high solid content and with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction). EN 12457-2, One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction). EN 12457-3, Two

31、 stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg and 8 l/kg for materials with high solid content and with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction). EN 12457-4, One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 10 mm (without or

32、with size reduction). Each part specifies a distinct procedure. The specific features of each part are described in the scope and principle of each part. For given wastes the results can be different for the different procedures. There are six annexes to this European Standard giving useful informat

33、ion on the selection of the appropriate procedure, reference documents and guidance on the limitations of these procedures. The choice of the procedure depends on the degree and type of information required for compliance testing. This choice has to be made by the organisation establishing the compl

34、iance requirements. This European Standard specifies a compliance test. For basic characterisation, a methodology for the determination of the leaching behaviour of waste has been developed within TC 292 and formulated in ENV 12920. 4 EN 12457-12002 (E) 1 Scope This part of four European Standards s

35、pecifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular wastes and sludges under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 2 Ilkg dry matter. It applies to waste which has a particle size below 4 mm without or with size reduction (a

36、s specified in 4.3.2) This European Standard has been developed to investigate mainly inorganic constituents from wastes. It does not take into account the particular characteristics of non-polar organic constituents nor the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable wastes. The

37、 test procedure specified in this European Standard produces an eluate which shall subsequently be characterised physically and chemically according to appropriate standard methods. This procedure is only applicable to waste material and sludges having a high solid content : the dry matter content r

38、atio shall be at least higher than 33%. In addition, the necessary quantity of eluate shall be obtained to perform the physical and chemical characterisation of the eluate. Furthermore, the minimum dry matter content ratio shall be high enough to allow a sufficient mixing of the leachant and the tes

39、t portion. NOTE 1 the solid with the predetermined quantity of liquid is not achievable. NOTE 2 emission, a solidifying effect or an excessive heat release. This procedure cannot be applicable to materials with a water content or such a water affinity that a good mixing of This procedure cannot be a

40、pplicable to materials reacting with the leachant, leading, for example, to excessive gas NOTE 3 By crushing the material, new surfaces are exposed which may lead to a change in leaching properties. NOTE 4 In relation with the minimum dry matter content ratio required for obtaining enough eluate, th

41、e test portion specified in this European Standard of 175 gram dry matter results in a maximum volume of eluate of 175 rnl if its dry matter content ratio is 50 %. When this part 1 is not applicable, the leaching test at US = 10 specified in part 2 can be performed. This test cannot be used alone to

42、 determine the leaching behaviour of a waste, as specified in ENV 12920. This European Standard does not address issues related to health and safety. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative referenc

43、es are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the la

44、test edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). ENV 12506, Characterization of waste -Analysis of eluates - Determination of pH, As, Cd, Cr VI, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, CI, No;, so, z-. ENV 13370, Characterization of waste - Analysis of eluates - Determination of Ammonium-N, AOX,

45、conductivity, Hg, phenol index, TOC, CN easily liberatable, F EN 12880, Characterisation of sludges - Determination of dry residue and wafer content. EN IS0 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (IS0 3696:1987). EN IS0 5667-3, Water Quality - Sampling - Part 3 I

46、Guidance on the preservation and handling of samples (IS0 5667-3: 1994). 5 EN 12457-1:2002 (E) IS0 5725-5:1998, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results - Part 5: Alternative methods for the determination of the precision of a standard measurement method. IS0 1 1465, Soil

47、 Quality - Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis - Gravimetric method. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 leaching test test during which a material is put into contact with a leachant and some co

48、nstituents of the material are extracted 3.2 leachant liquid used in a leaching test NOTE For the purpose of this European Standard the leachant is water as specified in 4.2.15 3.3 eluate solution recovered from a leaching test 3.4 single batch leaching test leaching test in which a fixed amount of

49、material is leached in one step with a fixed amount of leachant 3.5 serial batch leaching test leaching test for two or more subsequent extractions of the same portion of material with a fresh amount of leachant 3.6 liquid to solid ratio US (abbreviation : US) ratio between the total amount of liquid (L in litre), which in a leaching test is in contact with the waste, and the dry mass of the sample (S in kg of dry matter) abbreviated L/S and expressed in I/kg 3.7 liquid waste waste that completely flows out of a calibrat