EN 12547-2014 en Centrifuges - Common safety requirements《离心机 通用安全性要求》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 12547:2014Centrifuges Common safetyrequirementsBS EN 12547:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12547:2014. Itsupersedes BS EN 12547:1999+A1:2009 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrus

2、ted to TechnicalCommittee MCE/19, Centrifuges.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standar

3、ds Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 76841 5ICS 71.040.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2014.Amend

4、ments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 12547:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12547 October 2014 ICS 71.040.20 Supersedes EN 12547:1999+A1:2009English Version Centrifuges - Common safety requirements Centrifugeuses - Prescriptions communes de scurit Zentrifugen

5、 - Allgemeine Sicherheitsanforderungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 August 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up

6、-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by trans

7、lation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finlan

8、d, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

9、 COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12547:2014 EBS EN 12547:2014EN 12547:2014 (E) 2 Co

10、ntents Page Foreword 5 Introduction .6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 8 3 Terms and definitions 10 3.1 General terms 10 3.2 Parts of a centrifuge . 10 3.3 Operational terms . 11 4 List of significant hazards . 13 5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 14 5.1 General . 14 5.2 Mechanical

11、 hazards 15 5.2.1 Ejection of parts 15 5.2.2 Ejection of high kinetic energy process material or service media 18 5.2.3 Dangerous movement and vibration 18 5.2.4 Transportation . 18 5.2.5 Lifting . 19 5.2.6 Access to moving parts . 19 5.3 Electrical hazards . 20 5.3.1 Common hazards 20 5.3.2 Specifi

12、c hazards 20 5.3.3 Movement and vibration 21 5.4 Ergonomical hazards . 21 5.5 Thermal hazards . 21 5.6 Integrity of the safety related parts of control systems 21 5.6.1 Integrity of safety-related parts of control systems 21 5.6.2 Emergency stop systems 22 5.7 Noise 22 6 Verification of the safety r

13、equirements and/or protective measures 23 6.1 General . 23 6.2 Verification of the integrity of centrifuges . 25 6.2.1 Verification of the mechanical integrity of centrifuges against rotor failure 25 6.2.2 Verification that the centrifuge can withstand vibrations 26 6.3 Verification of effectiveness

14、 of noise control measures 26 7 Information for use . 26 7.1 General . 26 7.2 Data sheet 26 7.2.1 General . 26 7.2.2 Application and operation . 26 7.2.3 Specific operating limits 27 7.2.4 Prohibited use . 27 7.3 Installation instructions . 27 7.4 Instructions for operation and routine maintenance 2

15、8 7.5 Service and repair instructions . 29 7.6 Training 30 7.7 Decommissioning . 30 8 Markings, signs, written warnings 30 BS EN 12547:2014EN 12547:2014 (E) 3 8.1 General . 30 8.2 Name plate . 30 8.3 Signs and warnings . 30 Annex A (informative) Additional terminology . 31 A.1 Applications and types

16、 of centrifuges 31 A.1.1 Centrifuge applications . 31 A.1.2 Types of centrifuges . 31 A.2 Definitions 32 A.3 Other terms 33 A.4 Illustrations 33 A.4.1 Product flow symbols . 33 A.4.2 Centrifuge components 35 Annex B (normative) Noise test code for centrifuges . 49 B.1 Scope 49 B.2 Sound emission det

17、ermination 49 B.2.1 Sound power level . 49 B.2.2 Emission sound pressure level at workstations 49 B.3 Mounting conditions . 50 B.4 Operating conditions 50 B.5 Information to be recorded . 50 B.6 Information to be reported 50 B.7 Determination of measurement uncertainty . 51 B.8 Declaration and verif

18、ication of noise emission values . 51 Annex C (informative) Static stress analysis for cylindrical baskets or bowls 53 C.1 Validity 53 C.2 Symbols and abbreviations 53 C.3 Material of construction 54 C.4 Method of analysis 55 C.4.1 General . 55 C.4.2 Pressure on the shell wall 55 C.4.3 Reinforcing h

19、oop coefficient 56 C.4.4 Welded joint coefficient 56 C.4.5 Perforation coefficients 56 C.5 Design conditions . 58 C.6 Permissible stress . 58 Annex D (informative) Example of the design of a safety related part of the control system in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1:2008 59 D.1 General . 59 D.2 Symb

20、ols and abbreviations 59 BS EN 12547:2014EN 12547:2014 (E) 4 D.3 Risk assessment . 59 D.4 Functional description . 60 D.5 Calculation of the Performance Level, PL 61 D.5.1 Component data 61 D.5.2 Mathematical basic functions 62 D.5.3 Calculation . 62 D.6 Result of the calculation 64 Annex ZA (inform

21、ative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC 65 Bibliography . 66 BS EN 12547:2014EN 12547:2014 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 12547:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 313

22、“Centrifuges - Safety requirements”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2015 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at th

23、e latest by April 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12547:1999+A1:2009. This document

24、has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. The major changes ar

25、e as follows: The references in the standard have been updated, thermal hazards have been included, text regarding integrity of the safety related parts of the control system has been further elaborated, the order of the annexes has been changed and the list of hazards has been moved to the main bod

26、y of the standard. Annex B of this European Standard is normative, whereas Annex A, Annex C, Annex D and Annex ZA are informative. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria

27、, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,

28、Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 12547:2014EN 12547:2014 (E) 6 Introduction This document is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are covered are indicated in the scope of

29、 this document. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of

30、 this type C standard. The extent to which significant hazards are covered is indicated in Clause 1. It is indicated in greater detail in Clause 4. Manufacturers are required to collect, retain and make available sufficient information, to enable centrifuges to be installed, commissioned, used, main

31、tained and disposed of safely, i.e. that information is made available to users of centrifuges. Different applications and particular centrifuge designs exist. Annex A includes more details of both of these ranges. BS EN 12547:2014EN 12547:2014 (E) 7 1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard applies to cen

32、trifuges for the separation or change in concentration of mixtures of liquids and solids. It gives requirements to minimize the risks caused by the significant hazards arising during the operation of centrifuges as specified in 1.2. 1.2 This European Standard gives requirements for minimizing the ri

33、sks caused by the following hazards: mechanical hazards common to all types of centrifuges, except those specified in 1.3; ergonomical hazards; thermal hazards; electrical hazards; noise. 1.3 Types of centrifuges and hazards excluded 1.3.1 Types of centrifuges excluded: centrifuges with a kinetic en

34、ergy of rotation less than 200 J; centrifuges for household use; centrifuges for laboratory use according to EN 61010-2-020; centrifuges for forming, i.e. centrifugal hot metal casting machines. 1.3.2 Hazards excluded This European Standard does not deal explicitly with the hazards listed below. NOT

35、E 1 In cases, where such hazards might occur and could become relevant for the construction of the centrifuge, use specific standards for this hazard or make a risk assessment. hazards caused by overpressure or negative pressure inside the centrifuge housing; hazards specific to processing radioacti

36、ve products; hazards specific to microbiological processing - including viral and parasitic hazards; hazards from processing corrosive and/or erosive materials; hazards from processes involving flammable or explosive substances; hazards caused by leakage of hazardous substances; hazards caused by un

37、suitable hygienic design for applications involving food products; inherent chemical hazards of process materials and/or service media and their biological effects on exposed persons; BS EN 12547:2014EN 12547:2014 (E) 8 NOTE 2 Inherently hazardous substances include toxic, carcinogenic and flammable

38、 substances for example. Other substances may be hazardous because of their condition in the centrifuge, i.e. temperature, velocity and vapour pressure. hazards due to construction materials; Materials used in the construction of centrifuges should not be hazardous in the condition in which they are

39、 used. centrifuges subject to application specific standards (e.g. EN 12505). NOTE 3 The design of centrifuges covered by EN 12547 varies to the extent that additional hazards may exist that are not covered by the requirements of this standard and is not excluded above. The manufacturer is responsib

40、le for providing suitable measures to deal with these hazards as part of a general risk assessment for the machine. Such measures are outside the scope of this standard and the direct responsibility of the manufacturer. 1.3.3 This European Standard gives guidance on the selection of performance leve

41、ls according to EN ISO 13849-1:2008, but does not identify performance levels for specific applications. 1.4 This European Standard is not applicable to centrifuges which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, a

42、re normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 349, Safety of machinery Minimum gaps to avoid crus

43、hing of parts of the human body EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 2: Displays EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008, Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 3: Control act

44、uators EN 953:1997+A1:2009, Safety of machinery Guards General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards EN 1005-2:2003+A1:2008, Safety of machinery Human physical performance Part 2: Manual handling of machinery and component parts of machinery EN 1037:1995+A1:2008, S

45、afety of machinery Prevention of unexpected start-up EN 60204-1:2006, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60204-1:2005, modified) EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529:1989) EN 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic co

46、mpatibility (EMC) Part 6-2: Generic standards Immunity for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-2) EN 61000-6-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6-4: Generic standards Emission standard for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-4) EN 61310-1:2008, Safety of machinery Indication, marking and

47、actuation Part 1: Requirements for visual, acoustic and tactile signals (IEC 61310-1:2007) BS EN 12547:2014EN 12547:2014 (E) 9 EN 62061, Safety of machinery Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems (IEC 62061) EN ISO 780, Packaging Pictor

48、ial marking for handling of goods (ISO 780) EN ISO 3740, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels of noise sources Guidelines for the use of basic standards (ISO 3740) EN ISO 3834-2:2005, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials Part 2: Comprehensive quality requirements (I

49、SO 3834-2:2005) EN ISO 3834-3:2005, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials Part 3: Standard quality requirements (ISO 3834-3:2005) EN ISO 4871:2009, Acoustics Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment (ISO 4871:1996) EN ISO 5817:2014, Welding Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817:2014) EN ISO 9614-1:2009, Acoustics Determination of s