1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 12697-47:2010Bituminous mixtures Testmethods for hot mix asphaltPart 47: Determination of the ash contentof natural asphaltsBS EN 12697-47:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational for
2、ewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12697-47:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/510/1, Asphalt products.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not pur
3、port to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 65725 2ICS 93.080.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStanda
4、rds Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2010Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 12697-47:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12697-47 July 2010 ICS 93.080.20 English Version Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 47: Determina
5、tion of the ash content of natural asphalts Mlanges bitumineux - Mthodes dessai pour mlange hydrocarbon chaud - Partie 47: Dtermination de la teneur en cendres des bitumes naturels Asphalt - Prfverfahren fr Heiasphalt - Teil 47: Bestimmung des Aschegehaltes von Naturasphalt This European Standard wa
6、s approved by CEN on 26 May 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such natio
7、nal standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and n
8、otified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Lu
9、xembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All r
10、ights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12697-47:2010: EBS EN 12697-47:2010EN 12697-47:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 62 Normative references 63 Terms and definitions .64 Principle 65 Apparatus .66 Sample preparation .77
11、 Procedure .78 Calculation 79 Precision .89.1 Repeatability .89.2 Reproducibility .810 Test report 8BS EN 12697-47:2010EN 12697-47:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12697-47:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This
12、European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the
13、 elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listed below: EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Par
14、t 1: Soluble binder content EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 3: Bitumen recovery: Rotary evaporator EN 12697-4, Bituminous mixtures Test methods f
15、or hot mix asphalt Part 4: Bitumen recovery: Fractionating column EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 5: Determination of the maximum density EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 6: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specime
16、ns EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 7: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens by gamma rays EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 8: Determination of void characteristics of bituminous specimens EN 12697-9, Bituminou
17、s mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 9: Determination of the reference density EN 12697-10, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 10: Compactability EN 12697-11, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 11: Determination of the affinity between aggreg
18、ate and bitumen EN 12697-12, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 12: Determination of the water sensitivity of bituminous specimens EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 13: Temperature measurement EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures Test methods f
19、or hot mix asphalt Part 14: Water content BS EN 12697-47:2010EN 12697-47:2010 (E) 4 EN 12697-15, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 15: Determination of the segregation sensitivity EN 12697-16, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 16: Abrasion by studded t
20、yres EN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 17: Particle loss of porous asphalt specimen EN 12697-18, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 18: Binder drainage EN 12697-19, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 19: Permeability
21、of specimen EN 12697-20, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 20: Indentation using cube or Marshall specimens EN 12697-21, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 21: Indentation using plate specimens EN 12697-22, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix a
22、sphalt Part 22: Wheel tracking EN 12697-23, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 23: Determination of the indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens EN 12697-24, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 24: Resistance to fatigue EN 12697-25, Bituminous mi
23、xtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 25: Cyclic compression test EN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 26: Stiffness EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 27: Sampling EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix
24、asphalt Part 28: Preparation of samples for determining binder content, water content and grading EN 12697-29, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 29: Determination of the dimensions of a bituminous specimen EN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part
25、 30: Specimen preparation by impact compactor EN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 31: Specimen preparation by gyratory compactor EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 32: Laboratory compaction of bituminous mixtures by vibratory com
26、pactor EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 33: Specimen prepared by roller compactor EN 12697-34, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 34: Marshall test EN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 35: Laboratory mixin
27、g EN 12697-36, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 36: Determination of the thickness of a bituminous pavement EN 12697-37, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 37: Hot sand test for the adhesivity of binder on precoated chippings for HRA BS EN 12697-47:201
28、0EN 12697-47:2010 (E) 5 EN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 38: Common equipment and calibration EN 12697-39, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 39: Binder content by ignition EN 12697-40, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt
29、Part 40: In situ drainability EN 12697-41, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 41: Resistance to de-icing fluids EN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 42: Amount of coarse foreign matter in reclaimed asphalt EN 12697-43, Bituminous mixtures Test
30、 methods for hot mix asphalt Part 43: Resistance to fuel prEN 12697-44, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 44: Crack propagation by semi-circular bending test prEN 12697-45, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 45: Saturation Ageing Tensile Stiffness (SATS
31、) Conditioning Test prEN 12697-46, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 46: Low Temperature Cracking and Properties by Uniaxial Tension Tests EN 12697-47, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 47: Determination of the ash content of natural asphalts this stan
32、dard No existing European Standard is superseded. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
33、France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 12697-47:2010EN 12697-47:2010 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard describes a
34、 test method to determine the ash content in natural asphalts (including lake asphalts), binders containing natural asphalts or bitumens. For the method to apply, it is essential that any mineral matter in the binder be finely divided and cannot exceed 45 % by mass. 2 Normative references The follow
35、ing referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 58, Bitumen and bituminous binders Sampling bituminous b
36、inders 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 ash inorganic residue remaining after ignition at 650 C expressed as a proportional mass of the original sample 3.2 natural asphalt highly viscous liquid or semi-solid materials found in
37、nature and containing varying amounts of bitumen, as defined by solubility in carbon disulphide, that can be used in asphalt 4 Principle A sample of the natural asphalt is weighed into a crucible which is then gently heated until fuming ceases. The sample is then ignited at (650 50) C until free fro
38、m carbon. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Silica, porcelain or platinum crucible, with a capacity of (120 20) ml. 5.2 Furnace, capable of heating the crucible to (650 50) C in a natural draft of air. NOTE An electrical muffle furnace is suitable for this purpose. 5.3 Desiccator (or other suitable container). 5.4 Ga
39、s burner, pipe-clay triangle and tripod. NOTE An electric pre-incinerator may be used instead of a gas burner. 5.5 Oven, capable of heating the material to 90 C above its softening point (optional). 5.6 Balance, of suitable capacity. 5.7 Spatula (optional). BS EN 12697-47:2010EN 12697-47:2010 (E) 7
40、5.8 4 mm sieve (optional). 6 Sample preparation 6.1 Obtain a representative sample, basing sampling on the specifications given in EN 58. 6.2 For materials that can be crushed at ambient temperature (e.g. refined lake asphalt), break up at least 500 g of the material so that it can pass through the
41、4 mm sieve. 6.3 For materials that cannot be crushed at ambient temperature but can be softened by heating in an oven, heat the material in the oven to approximately 80 C to 90 C above its expected softening point, and then carefully stir with the spatula until it is probable that any mineral matter
42、 present is uniformly dispersed. NOTE 1 The method of obtaining the test sample from the sample sent to the laboratory will depend upon the type of bituminous material under examination. NOTE 2 After either method of sample preparation, the material is then in a suitable condition for weighing into
43、the crucible. 7 Procedure 7.1 Heat the crucible in the furnace at (650 50) C for at least 10 min. Place the crucible in the desiccator (or other suitable container) and allow to cool to room temperature. Weigh the crucible to the nearest 0,005 g as m1. 7.2 Place in the crucible sufficient sample, pr
44、epared in accordance to Clause 6, to yield a mass of ash of not less than 0,10 g and not more than 0,35 g. Weigh the crucible and sample to the nearest 0,005 g as m2. 7.3 Heat the crucible gently using a low flame of the bunsen burner until fumes cease to be evolved. Then heat the crucible and conte
45、nts in the furnace to (650 50) C until no more carbon is visible in the sample and the weight of the sample is constant. Place the crucible and contents in the desiccator (or other suitable container) and allow to cool to room temperature. Weigh the crucible and contents to the nearest 0,005 g. 7.4
46、Reheat the crucible and contents in the furnace to (650 50) C for (25 5) min. Place the crucible and contents in the desiccator (or other suitable container) and allow it to cool to room temperature. Weigh the crucible and contents to the nearest 0,005 g. 7.5 Repeat 7.4 until constant mass is achiev
47、ed as demonstrated by consecutive weightings differing by not more than 0,005 g. Define this reading as m3. 8 Calculation Calculate the mass of ash as a proportion by mass of the original sample as follows: 1001001213=mmmmBAAsh (1) where Ash is the proportion of ash by mass in percent; A is the mass
48、 of ash in grams; B is the mass of original sample in grams; BS EN 12697-47:2010EN 12697-47:2010 (E) 8 m1is the mass of empty crucible in grams; m2is the mass of crucible with sample in grams; m3is the mass of crucible with ash after ignition in grams. 9 Precision 9.1 Repeatability Duplicate results
49、 by the same operator shall be considered suspect if they differ by more than 0,3 % by mass. 9.2 Reproducibility The results submitted by each of two laboratories shall be considered suspect if they differ by more than 0,9 % by mass. 10 Test report With reference to this European Standard, the test report shall include the foll
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