EN 12786-2013 en Safety of machinery - Requirements for the drafting of the vibration clauses of safety standards《机械安全性 安全标准振动条款的起草指南》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 12786:2013Safety of machinery Requirements for the draftingof the vibration clauses ofsafety standardsBS EN 12786:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standar

2、d is the UK implementation of EN 12786:2013. Itsupersedes BS EN 12786:1999 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GME/21/6, Mechanical vibration, shock and conditionmonitoring - Human exposure to mechanical vibration and shock. A list of organi

3、zations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013 IS

4、BN 978 0 580 73258 4 ICS 01.120; 13.110; 17.160 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2013. Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f

5、f e c t e dBS EN 12786:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12786 February 2013 ICS 01.120; 13.110; 17.160 Supersedes EN 12786:1999English Version Safety of machinery - Requirements for the drafting of the vibration clauses of safety standards Scurit des machines - Exigences rela

6、tives la rdaction des clauses vibrations des normes de scurit Sicherheit von Maschinen - Anforderungen an die Abfassung der Abschnitte ber Schwingungen in Sicherheitsnormen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 December 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal R

7、egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN m

8、ember. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions

9、. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Pola

10、nd, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form

11、and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12786:2013: EBS EN 12786:2013EN 12786:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Requirements for drafting the vibration clauses in type-C standards .5 Annex A (informative) Furthe

12、r guidance on comparative vibration emission data 13 Annex B (informative) Content of Directive 2006/42/EC relevant to vibration . 14 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 16 Bibliography . 17 BS EN 12786:2013EN

13、 12786:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12786:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 231 “Mechanical vibration and shock”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text

14、or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible

15、for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12786:1999. The main changes to the first edition EN 12786:1999 are: adapted to the requirements of Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC; Annex B with content of Directive 2006/42/EC relevant to vibration added; referenced document

16、s updated. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this docum

17、ent. This European Standard supplements and develops examples of how to deal with vibration as a health risk to machine operators as set out in the Guide to application of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC. Risks to machine operators from hand-transmitted and whole-body vibration can be assessed by

18、 reference to EN ISO 5349-1 and ISO 2631-1, respectively, and by reference to the Non-binding guide to good practice for implementing Directive 2002/44/EC (Vibrations at Work). According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are boun

19、d to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal

20、, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 12786:2013EN 12786:2013 (E) 4 Introduction For many machines, vibration is a significant hazard, i.e. a hazard which an assessment has identified as requiring a specific action on the part of the manufact

21、urer or supplier (see EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.8). If the manufacturer ensures that a machine complies with the relevant harmonized type-C safety standard, the machine is presumed to comply with all of the essential requirements addressed by that standard. The information contained in this European Stan

22、dard will help writers of standards to address the essential requirements relevant to vibration and is based on the following principles: a) vibration risk reduction is an integral part of machinery safety; b) machinery shall be so designed and constructed that risks resulting from vibration produce

23、d by the machinery are reduced to the lowest level, taking account of technical progress and available means of reducing vibration, in particular at source; and c) where vibration is assessed as a significant hazard, the vibration clauses of the type-C standard shall deal with aspects including mini

24、mizing the risk through design and protective measures, the provision of information about residual risk and instructions for safe use. For portable hand-held and hand-guided machinery, and mobile machinery, the declaration of vibration emission is mandatory. This requirement is not dependent on the

25、 assessment of vibration as a significant hazard. The type-C standard should address the declaration of vibration emission. Employers are required to comply with national legislation on the health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from vibration. Employer

26、s should assess those risks and control them. The duties of machinery suppliers indicated in this standard are complementary to those of employers: by supplying safe work equipment, giving warnings of residual risk and providing information to enable safe use of the machinery they can help employers

27、 to control risks. It is therefore important that type-C safety standards deal adequately with vibration risks. This document is a type-B standard as stated in EN ISO 12100. The provisions of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type-C standard. For machines which are covered by the sc

28、ope of a type-C standard and which have been designed and built according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type-C standard take precedence over the provisions of this type-B standard. The provisions of this document are intended to be used by the Technical Committee draftin

29、g a type-C standard, while taking account of the specific requirements for the machinery dealt with and of the structure of the type-C standard. It is important that type-C safety standards deal adequately with vibration risks. BS EN 12786:2013EN 12786:2013 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard gives

30、 guidance for the writers of harmonized type-C machinery safety standards on how to deal with vibration where hand-transmitted vibration and/or whole-body vibration is identified as a significant hazard. This European Standard also gives guidance on how to deal with the requirement for declaration o

31、f the vibration emission of portable hand-held and/or hand-guided machinery and for mobile machinery. This European Standard supplements EN ISO 12100. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its applic

32、ation. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CR 1030-1, Hand-arm vibration Guidelines for vibration hazards reduction Part 1: Engineering methods by design of machinery EN 1032,

33、Mechanical vibration Testing of mobile machinery in order to determine the vibration emission value EN 12096, Mechanical vibration Declaration and verification of vibration emission values CEN/TR 15172-1, Whole-body vibration Guidelines for vibration hazards reduction Part 1: Engineering methods by

34、design of machinery EN 30326-1, Mechanical vibration Laboratory method for evaluating vehicle seat vibration Part 1: Basic requirements (ISO 10326-1) EN ISO 5349-1, Mechanical vibration Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration Part 1: General requirements (ISO 5349-

35、1) EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010) EN ISO 20643, Mechanical vibration Hand-held and hand-guided machinery Principles for evaluation of vibration emission (ISO 20643) ISO 2631-1, Mechanical vibration and shock Ev

36、aluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration Part 1: General requirements 3 Requirements for drafting the vibration clauses in type-C standards 3.1 General drafting rules 3.1.1 General The provisions of this European Standard shall be used by the Technical Committee drafting a type-C standard,

37、 while taking account of the specific requirements for the machinery dealt with and of the structure of the type-C standard. BS EN 12786:2013EN 12786:2013 (E) 6 3.1.2 Vibration as a significant hazard Hazardous vibration from human contact with machinery (see EN ISO 12100:2010, Table B.1 row 5) is g

38、enerally categorized as: hand-transmitted vibration (hand-arm vibration), usually from hand-held, hand-guided or hand-fed machines, or from the controls of some mobile machines; or whole-body vibration from the supporting surface (e.g. seat or floor), usually (but not exclusively) in mobile machines

39、. The requirements for managing risks from hand-transmitted vibration and whole-body vibration are different and, where appropriate, they are treated separately in the clauses below. Machine manufacturers are required to reduce the vibrations transmitted to the operator to the lowest level, taking a

40、ccount of technical progress and the availability of means of reducing vibration, in particular at source (see Annex B, rows 2 and 3). The requirements of the type-C standard shall meet this objective. This should be achieved by applying the following three step method so far as possible in the orde

41、r presented (see Annex B, row 1): by inherent safe design (see EN ISO 12100:2010, 6.2); by safeguarding (see EN ISO 12100:2010, 6.3); and by information for use (see EN ISO 12100:2010, 6.4); If, for the machinery identified in the scope of the type-C standard, the vibration hazard is considered to b

42、e significant the type-C standard shall include vibration in the list of significant hazards, see 3.2; formulate measures for reducing risk so far as possible, see 3.3; provide information on how compliance with these requirements can be verified, see 3.4; and include in the clause “Information for

43、use” requirements on information regarding management of residual risk from vibration, see 3.5. Vibration emission values shall be declared and these have an important role in the verification that risks from vibration have been reduced to the lowest level, along with other factors such as ergonomic

44、s and the efficiency of a machine, see 3.4. Where a machine exposes the operator to vibration or shock that is not adequately dealt with by EN ISO 5349-1 or ISO 2631-1 (e.g. single shocks, recoils from cartridge-operated hand held tools, extremes of vibration frequency), where there is evidence of a

45、 risk to the operator (e.g. evidence of ill health), this shall be addressed in the type-C standard. If, for the machinery in the scope of the type-C standard, vibration is considered to be a relevant but not significant hazard (see EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.7 and 3.8) the type-C standard shall not formu

46、late specific design requirements concerning vibration. In the normal structure of a type-C standard, these hazards are dealt with by the second sentence of the standard introduction of the clause dealing with safety requirements and/or protective measures: “In addition, the machine shall be designe

47、d according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for relevant but not significant hazards, which are not dealt with by this document.“ The Technical Committee should also consider the suitability of the following additional statement (e.g. as a Note, see 3.3): BS EN 12786:2013EN 12786:2013 (E) 7 “As a

48、general rule, vibration is not considered to be a significant hazard for the machinery in the scope but this does not absolve the manufacturer from the obligation to minimize vibration risk.” 3.1.3 Declaration of vibration emission For portable hand-held and hand-guided machinery and mobile machiner

49、y, the declaration of vibration emission of the machine is mandatory. This requirement is not dependent on the identification of vibration as a significant hazard (but may indicate that vibration needs to be included as a significant hazard). The type-C standard shall address the measurement and declaration of vibration emission and its uncertainty, by including, or referring to, a vibration test code that meets the requirements of the relevant type-B standard (EN ISO 20643 for hand-held and hand-guided machines or E