1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12813:2004 Temporary works equipment Load bearing towers of prefabricated components Particular methods of structural design The European Standard EN 12813:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.220 BS EN 12813:2004 This British Standard was published under the autho
2、rity of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 1 December 2004 BSI 1 December 2004 ISBN 0 580 44835 5 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12813:2004. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/514, Access
3、and support equipment, to Subcommittee B/514/26, Falsework, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to
4、 in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions o
5、f a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or pro
6、posals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BS
7、I copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN12813 June2004 ICS91.220 Englishversion TemporaryworksequipmentLoadbearingtowersof prefabricatedcompon
8、entsParticularmethodsofstructural design EquipementstemporairesdechantiersToursdtaiement encomposantsprfabriqusMthodesparticuliresde calculdesstructures TemporreKonstruktionenfrBauwerkeSttzentrme ausvorgefertigtenBauteilenBesondere Bemessungsverfahren ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon4December2
9、003. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariator
10、toanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodies
11、ofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENOR
12、MALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2004CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN12813:2004:EEN 12813:2004 (E) 2 Contents Page 1 Scope5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Sym
13、bols8 5 General information needed for structural analysis of a load bearing tower made in prefabricated components9 6 Analysis methods for the design resistance of a tower 9 6.1 Cases to be analysed 9 6.2 Curve to be established for case 1a 10 6.3 Examination methods.11 1.4 Detail tests and global
14、tests .11 7 The result for the calculated and experimental results shall be such that no calculated value is greater than the corresponding experimental value. Documentation relating to the test 12 8 The test report shall be in accordance with clause 9 of EN 12811-3:2002. Documentation to be provide
15、d 12 8.1 General12 8.2 Information for the user 12 8.3 Information for the falsework designer .12 Annex A (informative) Procedure for analysis by first order theory of a fully triangulated load bearing tower .13 A.1 Example chosen.13 A.2 Determination of the buckling load, F crfor one face of the to
16、wer13 A.3 Structural analysis by first order theory .13 Annex B (normative) Global test procedure.15 B.1 Introduction15 B.2 Apparatus.15 B.3 Choice of components 15 B.4 Assembly of test tower .15 B.5 Test procedure.17 B.6 Data to be recorded .17 B.7 Additional requirements when a horizontal load is
17、also applied .17 EN 12813:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12813:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 053 “Temporary works equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an i
18、dentical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2004. Annex A is informative, annex B is normative. This document includes a bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national
19、standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portuga
20、l, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 12813:2004 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard is intended to provide information for those who specify load bearing towers made from prefabricated components and for the designer who has to prepare a scheme for their use
21、. This European Standard will be of interest to those who wish to develop particular items, or groups of items for load bearing towers of prefabricated components. This European Standard describes how to establish structural data for load bearing towers made from prefabricated components. Most of th
22、e figures illustrating the standard are of a particular type of tower but the procedures described are applicable to all towers. There is a requirement for a global test to demonstrate that the modelling adopted in the analysis is sufficiently accurate and on the conservative side. For materials thi
23、s standard refers only to valid European Standards. However a large stock of equipment made of materials conforming to standards no longer valid is in use. This standard does not cover the use of this equipment. NOTE This European Standard does not give information on site activities nor about safet
24、y requirements, for which reference should be made to E.C. directives, and national documents. EN 12813:2004 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard describes methods for establishing structural data for stiffness and resistance by calculation supported by tests for load bearing towers made of prefabri
25、cated components of steel or aluminium alloy. The vertical load capacity is established, both with or without horizontal loads and with the top restrained or free. This European Standard specifies two methods of analysis, by first order theory, or by second order theory. NOTE For definitions and req
26、uirements relating to structures and materials of the structure, specifications and loads, see EN 12812. The European Standard is not intended for towers constructed with tubes and couplers: it is expected that they will be designed in accordance with EN 12812. 2 Normative references This European S
27、tandard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply
28、 to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). ENV 1993-1-1, Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. ENV 1999-1
29、-1, Eurocode 9 Design of aluminium structures Part 1-1: General rules - General rules and rules for buildings. EN 12810-2, Faade scaffolds made of prefabricated components Part 2: Particular methods of structural design EN 12811-2, Temporary works equipment - Part 2: Information on materials. EN 128
30、11-3:2002, Temporary works equipment - Part 3: Load testing. EN 12812:2004, Falsework Performance requirements and general design. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms an definitions of EN 12812 and the following apply. 3.1 base plate plate used for spreading
31、 the load in a standard over a greater area 3.2 base jack base plate which has means of vertical adjustment NOTE It is intended to be positioned at the base of an upright. It usually incorporates a base plate. EN 12813:2004 (E) 6 3.3 bracing component or components to increase stiffness and to provi
32、de greater vertical and lateral strength NOTE In the horizontal plane this may comprise frames, platforms, or rigid linkages between the uprights. In the vertical plane the usual methods include closed frames, with or without gussets, open frames, ladder frames with open access, rigid assemblies bet
33、ween horizontal members and uprights, and diagonals. 3.4 fork head “U“ shaped component for holding a beam NOTE It is intended to be positioned at the top of an upright for locating and supporting a horizontal beam. 3.5 frame component which has at least one horizontal element permanently fixed to a
34、t least one upright element 3.6 fully triangulated load bearing tower tower in which a diagonal member is attached to each panel including either braced or unbraced jacks (see Figures 1a, 1b, 2) NOTE A panel is bounded by two adjacent vertical and two adjacent horizontal members. The diagonals are c
35、onsidered to create full triangulation to each vertical plane, if they are attached within 200 mm of each node point. 3.7 head jack screw device both able to adjust height and to release the tower from the loading. NOTE It is intended to be positioned at the top of an upright. It usually incorporate
36、s a fork head. 3.8 horizontal member component forming a horizontal connection between two uprights. NOTE An upright may either be the vertical linear element of frames, or vertical components of a modular system. 3.9 load bearing tower tower with three or more uprights made of prefabricated steel o
37、r aluminium alloy components NOTE The components are principally linear members or frames. 3.10 loading beam horizontal member positioned above the primary beams onto which the vertical imposed test load is centrally applied 3.11 not fully triangulated load bearing tower tower in which not all verti
38、cal planes are fully triangulated (see Figures 3a, 3b) 3.12 prefabricated component discrete part of a tower with permanently fixed connection devices which pre-determine dimensions EN 12813:2004 (E) 7 3.13 primary beam lowest horizontal beam distributing load at the top of a tower 3.14 storey part
39、of the tower comprised between two consecutive horizontal planes 3.15 upright vertical load bearing element a) with braced head jacks b) with unbraced jacks Figure 1 Examples of fully triangulated towers Figure 2 Eccentricity “e“ of the diagonals to members EN 12813:2004 (E) 8 a) with braced head ja
40、cks b) with unbraced jacks Figure 3 Examples of not fully triangulated towers 4 Symbols Table 1 Symbols Number Symbol Denomination Unit 1 A Cross-sectional area mm 2 d Horizontal displacement mm 3 e Eccentricity mm 4 E Longitudinal modulus of elasticity N/mm 5 F External load applied to the structur
41、e N 6 F H Horizontal load applied to the structure N 7 F Hd Design value of the horizontal load N 8 F v Vertical load applied to the structure N 9 F vd Design value of the vertical load N 10 F cr Buckling load of a face N 11 y nom Nominal yield stress N/mm 12 H, h Height m 13 L Length m 14 n Number
42、of uprights in a tower 15 R d Design value of resistance N/mm 16 S d Design value of the effects of actions N/mm 17 F Partial factor for the actions 18 M Partial factor for resistance 19 cr The lowest elastic buckling load factor to be applied to the design loads EN 12813:2004 (E) 9 5 General inform
43、ation needed for structural analysis of a load bearing tower made in prefabricated components See EN 12812:2004, for information about : materials, clause 5, (and also EN 12811-2) thickness of material, 7.2 partial factors, 9.2.2 imperfections and boundary conditions, 9.3 classes, clause4, 9.1.2 dif
44、ferential settlement and thermal conditions 8.3.2 actions, clause 8. 6 Analysis methods for the design resistance of a tower 6.1 Cases to be analysed A tower shall be analysed with the following three sets of loads, and with base and head Jacks fully extended, unless design resistance for smaller ex
45、tensions has to be established. Case 1 A tower unrestrained at the top subjected to vertical loading: Case 1a, Figure 4a) with horizontal loading Case 1b, Figure 4b) without horizontal loading Case 2 A tower with the top restrained , subjected to vertical loading (see Figures 4a), 4b), and 5). a) wi
46、th horizontal loading b) without horizontal loading For explanations of symbols see clause 4 Figure 4 Typical loading conditions for a tower free at the top EN 12813:2004 (E) 10 For explanations of symbols see clause 4 Figure 5 Typical loading conditions for a tower restrained at the top 6.2 Curve t
47、o be established for case 1a For case 1a), a curve shall be produced showing the combination of maximum resistances to vertical and horizontal loads, see Figure 6. Key F VVertical load F HHorizontal load Figure 6 Typical curve relating maximum vertical and horizontal loading EN 12813:2004 (E) 11 6.3
48、 Examination methods 6.3.1 Analysis by second order theory This method can be used with a bi-dimensional model or with a tri-dimensional model for all structural systems. For steel, this will be in accordance with ENV 1993-1-1. For aluminium alloy, this will be in accordance with ENV 1999-1-1. Detail tests shall be carried out in accordance with the principal requirements of EN 12810-2. In order to find the load bearing capacity of tower the structural analysis performed by using a second order approach shall be int
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