1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 12977-4:2012Thermal solar systems andcomponents Custom builtsystemsPart 4: Performance test methods for solarcombistoresBS EN 12977-4:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational foreword
2、This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12977-4:2012.It supersedes DD CEN/TS 12977-4:2010 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RHE/25, Solar Heating.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request
3、to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 75648 1ICS 27.160; 97.100.99Compliance with a Britis
4、h Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 12977-4:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1
5、2977-4 April 2012 ICS 27.160 Supersedes CEN/TS 12977-4:2010English Version Thermal solar systems and components - Custom built systems - Part 4: Performance test methods for solar combistores Installations solaires thermiques et leurs composants - Installations assembles faon - Partie 4: Mthodes des
6、sai por chauffe-eau solaires et installations solaires combins Thermische Solaranlagen und ihre Bauteile - Kundenspezifisch gefertigte Anlagen - Teil 4: Leistungsprfung von Warmwasserspeichern fr Solaranlagen zur Trinkwassererwrmung und Raumheizung (Kombispeicher) This European Standard was approved
7、 by CEN on 19 February 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national s
8、tandards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language an
9、d notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Li
10、thuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brus
11、sels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12977-4:2012: EBS EN 12977-4:2012EN 12977-4:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Symbols and abbrev
12、iations 55 Store classification 56 Laboratory store testing .66.1 Requirements on the testing stand 66.1.1 General 66.1.2 Measuring data and measuring procedure .66.2 Installation of the store .66.2.1 Mounting .66.2.2 Connection .76.3 Test and evaluation procedures .76.3.1 General 76.3.2 Test sequen
13、ces 86.3.3 Data processing of the test sequences 127 Test report . 137.1 General . 137.2 Description of the store . 147.3 Test results 157.4 Parameters for the simulation . 16Annex A (normative) Store model benchmark tests 17Annex B (normative) Verification of store test results . 18Annex C (normati
14、ve) Benchmarks for the parameter identification . 19Annex D (informative) Requirements for the numerical store model . 20Annex E (informative) Determination of hot water comfort . 21Bibliography . 22Tables Table 1 Classification of combistores. 6Table 2 Flow rates and store inlet temperatures for Te
15、st CD . 9Table 3 Flow rates and store inlet temperatures for Test CI. 10Table 4 Flow rates and store inlet temperatures for Test DD . 11Table 5 Flow rates and store inlet temperatures for Test DI. 11BS EN 12977-4:2012EN 12977-4:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12977-4:2012) has been prepared by
16、 Technical Committee CEN/TC 312 “Thermal sorla systems and components”, the secretariat of which is held by ELOT. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2012, and conflicting nati
17、onal standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document superse
18、des CEN/TS 12977-4:2010. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
19、Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 12977-4:2012EN 12977-4:2012 (E) 4 Introduction The test methods for stores of solar heating sys
20、tems as described in this document are required for the determination of the thermal performance of small custom built systems for combined domestic hot water preparation and space heating, so-called solar combisystems, as specified in EN 12977-1. These test methods deliver parameters, which are nee
21、ded for the simulation of the thermal behaviour of a store being part of a small custom built system. NOTE 1 With the test methods for stores given in EN 12897 only a few parameters are determined in order to characterise the thermal behaviour of a store. These few parameters are not sufficient for
22、the determination of the thermal performance of small custom built systems as described in EN 12977-2. NOTE 2 The already existing test methods for stores of conventional heating systems are not sufficient with regard to thermal solar systems. This is due to the fact that the performance of thermal
23、solar systems depends much more on the thermal behaviour of the store (e.g. stratification, heat losses), as conventional systems do. Hence, this separate document for the performance characterisation of stores for solar heating systems is needed. NOTE 3 For additional information about the test met
24、hods for the performance characterisation of stores see EN 12977-3 and 1 in Bibliography. BS EN 12977-4:2012EN 12977-4:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies test methods for the performance characterization of stores which are intended for use in small custom built systems as specified
25、 in EN 12977-1. Stores tested according to this document are commonly used in solar combisystems. However, the thermal performance of all other thermal stores with water as a storage medium (e.g. for heat pump systems) can be also assessed according to the test methods specified in this document. Th
26、is document applies to combistores with a nominal volume up to 3 000 l and without integrated burner. NOTE This document is extensively based on references to EN 12977-3:2012. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are ind
27、ispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12828, Heating systems in buildings Design for water-based heating systems EN 12977-3:2012, Thermal solar
28、 systems and components Custom built systems Part 3: Performance test methods for solar water heater stores EN ISO 9488:1999, Solar energy Vocabulary (ISO 9488:1999) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12977-3:2012 and EN ISO 9488:1999 app
29、ly. 4 Symbols and abbreviations For symbols and abbreviations, refer to EN 12977-3:2012. 5 Store classification Solar combistores are classified by distinction between different charge and discharge modes. Five groups are defined as shown in Table 1. BS EN 12977-4:2012EN 12977-4:2012 (E) 6 Table 1 C
30、lassification of combistores Group Charge mode Discharge mode 1 direct direct2 indirect direct3 direct indirect 4 indirect indirect5 stores that cannot be assigned to groups 1 to 4 NOTE 1 All stores may have one or more additional electrical heating elements. NOTE 2 Stores that can be charged or dis
31、charged directly and indirectly (e.g. a store of a space heating system with an internal heat exchanger for the preparation of domestic hot water) can belong to more than one group. In this case, the appropriate test procedures or the assignment to one of the groups respectively, should be chosen de
32、pending on its mode of operation. 6 Laboratory store testing 6.1 Requirements on the testing stand 6.1.1 General The hot water store shall be tested separately from the whole solar system on a store-testing stand. The testing stand configuration shall be determined by the classification of the combi
33、stores as described in Clause 5. An example of a representative hydraulic testing stand configuration is shown in EN 12977-3:2012, Figure 1 and Figure 2. An appropriate test facility consists of two charge loops as shown in EN 12977-3:2012, Figure 1 and two discharge loops as shown in EN 12977-3:201
34、2, Figure 2. 6.1.2 Measuring data and measuring procedure The requirements specified in EN 12977-3:2012, 6.1.2 shall be fulfilled. 6.2 Installation of the store 6.2.1 Mounting The store shall be mounted on the testing stand according to the manufacturers instructions. The temperature sensors used fo
35、r measuring the inlet and outlet temperatures of the fluid used for charging and discharging the storage device, shall be placed as near as possible at least 200 mm to the inlet and outlet connections of the storage device. The installation of the temperature sensors inside the pipes shall be done a
36、ccording to approved methods of measuring temperatures. If there is/are more than one pair of charging and/or discharging inlet or outlet connections, then only one may be connected to the testing stand (at the same time) while the other(s) shall be closed. The pipes between the store and the temper
37、ature sensors shall be insulated according to EN 12828. BS EN 12977-4:2012EN 12977-4:2012 (E) 7 6.2.2 Connection The way of connecting the storage device to the testing stand depends on the purpose of the thermal tests which shall be performed. Detailed instructions are given in the clauses where th
38、e thermal tests are described. Connections of the store which do not lead to the charge or discharge circuit of the testing stand shall be closed, and not connected heat exchangers shall be filled up with water. All closed connections shall be insulated in the same way as the store. Since fluid in c
39、losed heat exchangers expands with increasing temperature, a pressure relief valve shall be mounted. NOTE The performance of a solar heating system depends on the individual installation and actual boundary conditions. With regard to the heat losses of the store besides deficits in the thermal insul
40、ation, badly designed connections can increase the heat loss capacity rate of the store due to natural convection that occurs internally in the pipe. In order to avoid this effect, the connections of the pipes should be designed in such a way that no natural convection inside the pipe occurs. This c
41、an be achieved if the pipe is directly going downwards after leaving the store or by using a heat trap siphon. 6.3 Test and evaluation procedures 6.3.1 General The aim of store testing as specified in this document is to determine parameters required for the detailed description of the thermal behav
42、iour of a hot water combistore. Therefore, a mathematical computer model for the store is necessary. The basic requirements on suitable models are specified in Annex A and Annex B. The following parameters shall be known for the simulation of a store being part of a solar system. a) Stored water: 1)
43、 height; 2) effective volume respectively effective thermal capacity; 3) heights of the inlet and outlet connections; 4) heat loss capacity rate of the entire store; 5) if the insulation varies for different heights of the store, the distribution of the heat loss capacity rate should be determined f
44、or the different parts of the store; 6) a parameter describing the degradation of thermal stratification during stand-by; NOTE 1 One possible way to describe this effect in a store model is the use of a vertical thermal conduction. In this case, the corresponding parameter is an effective vertical t
45、hermal conductivity. 7) a parameter describing the characteristic of thermal stratification during direct discharge; NOTE 2 An additional parameter may be used to describe the influence of different draw-off flow rates on the thermal stratification inside the store, if this effect is relevant. 8) po
46、sitions of the temperature sensors (e.g. the sensors of the collector loop and auxiliary heater control). BS EN 12977-4:2012EN 12977-4:2012 (E) 8 b) Heat exchangers: 1) heights of the inlet and outlet connections; 2) volume; 3) heat transfer capacity rate as a function of temperature; 4) information
47、 on the capacity in respect of stratified charging; NOTE 3 The capacity in respect of stratified charging can be determined from the design of the heat exchanger as well as from the course in time of the heat exchanger inlet and outlet temperatures. 5) heat loss rate from the heat exchanger to the a
48、mbient (necessary only for mantled heat exchangers and external heat exchangers). c) Electrical auxiliary heat source: 1) position in the store; 2) axis direction of heating element (horizontal or vertical). If the auxiliary heater is installed in a vertical way, also its length is required; 3) effe
49、ctivity that characterises the fraction of the thermal converted electric power which is actually transferred inside the store. NOTE 4 Badly designed electrical auxiliary heaters may cause significant heat losses during operation. In this case, the electrical power supplied to the heater is not equal to the thermal energy input to the store. The following clauses describe how the listed parameters can be determined. Therefore, specific test sequences are necessary. The test sequen
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