1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN13084-4:2005Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1Free-standing chimneys Part 4: Brick liners Design and executionThe European Standard EN 13084-4:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 91.060.40g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g5
2、4g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 13084-4:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 4 January 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 47389 9National forewordThi
3、s British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13084-4:2005, including Corrigendum May 2006. It supersedes BS EN 13084-4:2002 which is withdrawn. The corrections made by Corrigendum May 2006 applied to the Contents, Foreword, 4.2.3.6, 6.3.1.2.1, Table 5N, Table 6N, 6.3.3.2, 6.3.3.
4、3, A.1, Equation (A.6), A.2.5, E.1.1, Equation (E.2), E.1.3 and Equation (E.8).The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/13, Structural chimneys and flues, which has the responsibility to: aid
5、enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.A list of organizations re
6、presented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence In
7、dex”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself con
8、fer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 44, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued
9、since publicationAmd. No. Date Comments16482 Corrigendum No. 130 June 2006 See national forewordEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 13084-4August 2005ICS 91.060.40Supersedes EN 13084-4:2002 English VersionFree-standing chimneys - Part 4: Brick liners - Design andexecutionChemines indpe
10、ndantes - Partie 4: Conduits intrieursen briques de terre cuite - Conception et mise en oeuvreFreistehende Schornsteine - Teil 4: Innenrohre ausMauerwerk - Entwurf, Bemessung und AusfhrungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 April 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
11、 Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN me
12、mber.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members a
13、re the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kin
14、gdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13084-4:2005: EIncorpo
15、rating Corrigendum May 2006EN 13084-4:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 5 1 Scope .6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 6 3.1 Terms and definitions.6 3.2 Symbols.8 4 Material 8 4.1 General 8 4.2 Brickwork.8 4.2.1 General 8 4.2.2 Thermal effects .9 4.2.3 Classification and che
16、mical attack9 4.3 Insulation.10 5 General design requirements.11 5.1 General 11 5.2 Minimum wall thickness .11 5.3 Liner supports.11 5.4 Openings .12 5.5 Ventilation12 5.6 Protective coatings.12 5.7 Accessories.12 5.7.1 Joints .12 5.7.2 Compensators.13 5.7.3 Ducts and fans 13 6 Structural design.13
17、6.1 Actions.13 6.1.1 General 13 6.1.2 Wind actions13 6.1.3 Seismic actions.13 6.1.4 Thermal effects .13 6.1.5 Internal pressure and explosions 14 6.2 Resistances.14 6.3 Verification 14 6.3.1 Ultimate limit state 14 6.3.2 Serviceability limit state .17 6.3.3 Stress calculations in the ultimate limit
18、state.17 6.3.4 Elastic stability18 7 Execution.18 7.1 Imperfections 18 7.2 Tolerances.18 8 Inspection and maintenance19 8.1 General 19 8.2 Inspection aspects19 8.2.1 Brick liner 19 8.2.2 Insulation.20 8.3 Frequency20 8.4 Performance 20 EN 13084-4:2005 (E) 3 Annex A (informative) Structural design of
19、 base supported liners .22 A.1 General 22 A.2 Elastic stability22 A.2.1 General 22 A.2.2 Elastic stability of the uncracked tube22 A.2.3 Elastic stability of free standing vertical columns .24 A.2.4 Elastic stability of a half tube.25 A.2.5 Comparison of the three calculation methods and conclusions
20、 26 Annex B (normative) Openings 29 Annex C (informative) Compensators30 Annex D (informative) Dynamic effects .32 Annex E (informative) Strengthening reinforced brickwork35 E.1 Steel bands, fitted outside the liner.35 E.1.1 Stresses in the liner35 E.1.2 Plain steel bands.36 E.1.3 Steel bands fitted
21、 with springs 36 E.2 Reinforced brickwork .39 E.2.1 General 39 E.2.2 Dimensioning 39 E.2.3 Materials 39 E.2.4 Corrosion protection 39 E.2.5 Execution.40 Annex F (informative) Thermal effects.41 Thermal stresses .41 Annex G (informative) Drying and start up.43 G.1 New Liners.43 G.1.1 General 43 G.1.2
22、 Externally insulated liners43 G.1.3 Uninsulated liners.43 G.2 Old brick liners44 Figures Figure A.1 The critical height of a free standing uncracked brick liner . 24 Figure A.2 The critical height of cracked and uncracked brick liners 27 Figure C.1 Example of a liner joint with compensator 31 Figur
23、e D.1 Lowest relevant mode shape of liner 34 Figure D.2 Relationship between h/r and 34 Figure E.1 Steel bands fitted with springs 38 Figure E.2 Integral reinforcement section with shaped bricks 40 TablesTable 1 Main symbols 8 Table 2 Minimum wall thickness for brickwork liners 11 Table 3 Characteri
24、stic values of mechanical properties of brickwork 14 Table 4 Combination of actions for persistent design situationsa. 16 EN 13084-4:2005 (E) 4 Table 5 N Partial safety factors G and Qi for actions. 16 Table 6 N Partial Safety factors M for brickwork . 17 Table A.1 Critical height as a function of w
25、all thickness . 25 Table A.2 Calculation results with given tube dimensions 26 Table A.3 Maximum liner height and minimum wall thickness as a function of diameter 28 EN 13084-4:2005 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 13084-4:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 297 “Free-standing indu
26、strial chimneys”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by Feb
27、ruary 2006. This document is part 4 of a package of standards as listed below: EN 13084-1, Free-standing industrial chimneys - Part 1: General requirements. EN 13084-2, Free-standing chimneys - Part 2: Concrete chimneys. EN 13084-4, Free-standing chimneys - Part 4: Brick liners Design and execution.
28、 EN 13084-5, Free-standing chimneys - Part 5: Materials for brick liners - Product specifications. EN 13084-6, Free-standing chimneys - Part 6: Steel liners - Design and execution. EN 13084-7, Free-standing chimneys Part 7: Product specifications of cylindrical steel fabrications for use in single w
29、all chimneys and steel liners. EN 13084-8, Free-standing chimneys Part 8: Design and execution of mast construction with satellite components. Additionally applies: EN 1993-3-2, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures Part 3-2: Towers, masts and chimneys Chimneys According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
30、 Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlan
31、ds, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 13084-4:2005 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies special requirements and performance criteria for the design and construction of lining systems made of brickwork for free-standing industri
32、al chimneys. Current European practice favours sectional liners and the statements of the standard are mainly devoted to such solutions but are also largely applicable to base supported independent and stayed liners. This European Standard identifies requirements to ensure mechanical resistance and
33、stability of liners in accordance with the general requirements given in EN 13084-1. Lining systems comprise some or all of the following: chimney liner including duct entry; insulation; liner support; space between liner and concrete windshield. Gas flow calculations to determine liner sizes are co
34、vered by EN 13084-1. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 10
35、52-1, Methods of test for masonry Part 1: Determination of compressive strength. EN 1052-2, Methods of test for masonry Part 2: Determination of flexural strength. EN 13084-1:2000, Free-standing industrial chimneys Part 1: General requirements. EN 13084-5:2005, Free-standing chimneys Part 5: Materia
36、ls for brick liners Product specifications. 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 13084-1:2000 together with the following apply. 3.1.1 base supported liner liner which is supported vertically only
37、 at the liner base 3.1.2 independent liner base supported liner which has no other horizontal support or restraint 3.1.3 stayed liner base supported liner which has horizontal restraints EN 13084-4:2005 (E) 7 3.1.4 sectional liner liner which is supported vertically at a number of elevations 3.1.5 l
38、iner support load bearing component which supports the liner 3.1.6 duct entry part of the liner which introduces the flue gases into the liner 3.1.7 thermal gradient temperature difference between outer and inner wall surface related to the thickness of the wall 3.1.8 thermal shock effect on the lin
39、er of rapid changes in flue gas temperature, giving stresses. This can typically occur due to uncontrolled shutdowns, a fire or sudden by-pass of an energy conservation or flue gas desulphurisation unit 3.1.9 compensator any systems which allows the movement of the joint in any direction maintaining
40、 its gas tightness EN 13084-4:2005 (E) 8 3.2 Symbols The main symbols used in this document are given in Table 1. Table 1 Main symbols Symbol Denomination UnitSafety factor: partial safety factor - Material properties: f strength N/mm2E modulus of elasticity N/mm2 stress N/mm2 Tcoefficient of therma
41、l expansion K-1 Actions: T thermal effects - G permanent actions - W wind actions - a acceleration m/s2Dimensions: d diameter m h height m t wall thickness m Subscripts: c compression - t tensile -y yield - k characteristic - M material -4 Material 4.1 General The choice of material will depend upon
42、 the service required. 4.2 Brickwork 4.2.1 General The type of brickwork used is largely determined by the resistance to chemical attack of the bricks and mortars. In addition, when thermal shocks are expected, brick types will be selected on the basis of their resistance to spalling and other mecha
43、nical damage caused by the same. Brickwork covered by this document consists of brick types in accordance with EN 13084-5:2005, 5.1 and mortar types in accordance with EN 13084-5:2005, 5.2 EN 13084-4:2005 (E) 9 4.2.2 Thermal effects According to the requirements as specified in EN 13084-1:2000, 5.2.
44、3.4 the temperature effect on brickwork shall be considered particularly with regard to: limit temperature of the various components; thermal gradients through the brickwork components in steady and transient conditions; uniform temperature; expansion; thermal shock. Calculations based on the maximu
45、m temperature of flue gas and the maximum expected ambient temperature shall show that all the materials are operating below their allowable temperatures. Thermal gradients, if not limited, could cause cracks in liners especially in those made of bricks type BT1, BT2 and BT3. Thermal shock can cause
46、 spalling and cracks on bricks type BT1, BT2 and BT3. It normally causes only shallow cracks but the thermal gradient may cause these to grow. 4.2.3 Classification and chemical attack 4.2.3.1 General Depending on the degree of chemical attack given in EN 13084-1:2000, Table 3 the following brickwork
47、 classes may be used for the construction of chimney liners: brickwork class A: resistant to “very high chemical attack“; brickwork class B: resistant to “high chemical attack“; brickwork class C: resistant to “medium chemical attack“; brickwork class D: resistant to “low chemical attack“; brickwork
48、 class E: not subject to “chemical attack“. Mortar type MT3 based on Portland cement may be used only for brickwork classes D and E. NOTE For all brickwork classes in the presence of alkalis with temperatures above 680 C, bricks with a low true porosity (10 % maximum) are recommended. 4.2.3.2 Brickw
49、ork class A: resistant to “very high chemical attack“ This will normally consist of: bricks type BT1; mortar type MT1 (in the case of very high chemical attack due only to acids: mortar type MT2). If abnormal temperature deviations are expected the limit in service temperature of mortars type MT1 shall be taken into account. Brickwork class A using mortar type MT1 can also withstand alkaline condensates. EN 13084-4:2005 (E) 10 4.2.3.3 Brickwork cla
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