EN 131-1-2015 en Ladders - Part 1 Terms types functional sizes《梯子 第1部分 术语 类型 功能尺寸》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 131-1:2015LaddersPart 1: Terms, types, functional sizesBS EN 131-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 131-1:2015.It supersedes BS EN 131-1:2007+A1:2011 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation wa

2、s entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/512, Ladders.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Stan

3、dards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 85703 4ICS 01.040.97; 97.145Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 Novembe

4、r 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 131-1:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 131-1 November 2015 ICS 01.040.97; 97.145 Supersedes EN 131-1:2007+A1:2011English Version Ladders - Part 1: Terms, types, functional sizes chelles - P

5、artie 1: Terminologie, types, dimensions fonctionnelles Leitern - Teil 1: Benennungen, Bauarten, Funktionsmae This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 September 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Euro

6、pean Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official version

7、s (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Be

8、lgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Swit

9、zerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN nationa

10、l Members. Ref. No. EN 131-1:2015 EBS EN 131-1:2015EN 131-1:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions . 4 4 Functional sizes 13 4.1 General . 13 4.2 Leaning rung ladders 13 4.2.1 General . 13 4.2.2 One-piece leaning rung ladders 14 4.2.

11、3 Sectional ladders 15 4.2.4 Extending ladders 15 4.3 Standing rung ladders 17 4.4 Combination ladders . 18 4.4.1 General . 18 4.4.2 Two-piece combination ladder . 18 4.4.3 Three-piece combination ladder 20 4.5 Leaning step ladders . 21 4.6 Standing step ladders . 22 4.7 Standing rung and step ladde

12、r 24 Annex A (informative) A-deviations . 25 Bibliography . 26 BS EN 131-1:2015EN 131-1:2015 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 131-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 93 “Ladders”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status o

13、f a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

14、 patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 131-1:2007+A1:2011. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. Compared to

15、 EN 131-1:2007+A1:2011, the following modifications have been made in order to improve the stability of ladders in use: a) in figures stabilizers or wider base width for leaning ladders were introduced; b) further terms 3.48, 3.49 and 3.50 for stabilizers were added in Clause 3; c) requirements for

16、minimum base width for leaning ladders were specified in 4.2.1, Table 2 and Table 6. EN 131, Ladders, is one of a series about ladders: Part 1: Terms, types, functional sizes the present document; Part 2: Requirements, testing, marking; Part 3: User Instructions; Part 4: Single or multiple hinge-joi

17、nt ladders; Part 6: Telescopic ladders; Part 7: Mobile ladders with platform. The standards of this series are listed in Clause 2 and in the Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this Eu

18、ropean Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, S

19、lovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 131-1:2015EN 131-1:2015 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard defines terms and specifies the general design characteristics of ladders. It applies to portable ladders. It does not apply to ladders designed for specific profess

20、ional use such as fire brigade ladders, roof ladders and mobile ladders. NOTE 1 For multiple hinge joint ladders EN 1314 applies. NOTE 2 For telescopic ladders EN 1316 applies. NOTE 3 For mobile ladders with platforms EN 1317 applies. NOTE 4 This standard does not apply to step stools for which EN 1

21、4183 applies. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (inclu

22、ding any amendments) applies. EN 131-2, Ladders Part 2: Requirements, testing, marking EN 131-3, Ladders Part 3: User Instructions EN 131-4:2007, Ladders Part 4: Single or multiple hinge-joint ladders 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 131

23、4:2007 for single or multiple hinge-joint ladders and the following apply. BS EN 131-1:2015EN 131-1:2015 (E) 5 Table 1 Dimensions in millimetres No Terms Definition Figure 3.1 ladder device incorporating steps or rungs on which a person may step to ascend or descend 3.2 portable ladder ladder which

24、can be transported and set up by hand 3.3 mobile ladder ladder which is brought to each operational place by means of mobile support Figure 1 3.4 rung ladder portable ladder with rungs, which have a standing surface from front to back of less than 80 mm 3.5 leaning rung ladder rung ladder which does

25、 not have its own support 3.6 one-piece leaning rung ladder leaning rung ladder consisting of one part only Figure 2 BS EN 131-1:2015EN 131-1:2015 (E) 6 No Terms Definition Figure 3.7 sectional ladder leaning ladder consisting of several sections that can be fitted together by means of connection de

26、vices Note 1 to entry: The length can only be varied by one whole section at a time. Figure 3 3.8 extending ladder leaning rung ladder consisting of two or more parts where the length can be regulated by one rung at a time 3.9 push-up extending ladder extending ladder where the upper parts are exten

27、ded by hand Figure 4 BS EN 131-1:2015EN 131-1:2015 (E) 7 No Terms Definition Figure 3.10 rope-operated extending ladder extending ladder where the upper parts are extended by means of a rope or other means such as chains, straps or cables Figure 5 3.11 standing rung ladder two-piece self-supporting

28、rung ladder, unilaterally or bilaterally ascendable Figure 6 3.12 combination ladder rung ladder of several parts, that can be used as, an extending ladder, a standing ladder or as a standing ladder with an extending ladder at the top, and parts of which may be used as one piece leaning ladders Figu

29、re 7 Figure 8 3.13 step ladder portable ladder with steps horizontal during use and a standing surface from front to back equal to or greater than 80 mm BS EN 131-1:2015EN 131-1:2015 (E) 8 No Terms Definition Figure 3.14 leaning step ladder step ladder that does not have its own support consisting o

30、f one or several parts Figure 9 3.15 standing step ladder two-legged self-supporting step ladder, unilaterally or bilaterally ascendable; with or without platform; with or without hand-/knee rail; a platform is regarded as a step unilaterally ascendable step ladder Figure 10 bilaterally ascendable s

31、tep ladder Figure 11 unilaterally ascendable step ladder with platform and hand-/knee rail Figure 12 bilaterally ascendable step ladder with platform and hand-/knee rail Figure 13 3.16 standing ladder ladder (with rungs or steps) which has its own support 3.17 standing rung and step ladder standing

32、ladder, one section with rungs and the other section with steps BS EN 131-1:2015EN 131-1:2015 (E) 9 No Terms Definition Figure 3.18 stile lateral part of a ladder which supports the rungs or steps as well as cross struts of supporting legs 3.19 rung climbing support with a standing surface from fron

33、t to back of less than 80 mm and at least 20 mm Figure 14 3.20 step climbing support with a standing surface from front to back equal to or greater than 80 mm Figure 15 3.21 platform topmost standing surface of a standing step ladder which is different from a step Figure 16 3.22 ascending leg leg of

34、 a ladder with climbing supports 3.23 supporting leg leg of a ladder without climbing supports 3.24 hand-/knee rail device for holding onto or gaining support from at the upper end of a standing ladder 3.25 cross strut horizontal connection of the stiles of the supporting leg 3.26 bottom brace devic

35、e which secures the lower end of the stile against buckling 3.27 opening restraint device device on standing ladders which secures the two legs of the ladder from sliding apart 3.28 locking device device to keep ladder hooks engaged on the rung or step during use BS EN 131-1:2015EN 131-1:2015 (E) 10

36、 No Terms Definition Figure 3.29 hinge-joint device on standing ladder which secures the two legs of the ladder 3.30 foot device fitted permanently to the bottom of ladders to prevent the ladder from slipping; or, in the case of a wooden ladder, bottom of the stile or a component fitted to the botto

37、m of the stile Figure 17 3.31 inner width b1usable distance between the inner sides of the stiles measured at the upper edge of the topmostrung/step/platform Figure 18 3.32 outside width b2distance between the outer side of stiles measured at the lower end of stiles or the outside width of the suppo

38、rting points of the stabilizer 3.33 total length l1distance measured over the bottom foot to the top of a ladder (see Figure 19) 3.34 length of combination ladders l8distance from the lower end of the ladder to the upper edge of the standing ladder made with the first two parts of the combination la

39、dder (without considering the top part of a three part combination ladder), measured in the middle line between the stiles” (see Figures 31 and 33) BS EN 131-1:2015EN 131-1:2015 (E) 11 No Terms Definition Figure 3.35 length to the topmost rung/step l2distance from the lower end of the ladder to the

40、upper edge of the topmost rung/step or to the upper edge of the platform, measured in the middle line between the stiles Figure 19 3.36 distance between the upper surface of the topmost rung and the top end l3distance between the upper surface of the topmost rung to the top end of the ladder, measur

41、ed in the middle line between the stiles 3.37 distance between the bottom end and the lowest rung/step or the top end and the highest rung/step l4distance from the lower end of the ladder to the upper edge of the lowest rung/step, or the distance from the upper end of the ladder to the lower edge of

42、 the highest rung/step measured in the middle line between the stiles 3.38 distance between rungs/steps l5distance between the rungs/steps, measured in the middle line between the stiles from the upper edge of rung/step to the upper edge of rung/step or to the upper edge of platform 3.39 touch-down

43、height h1vertical height measured from floor level to the top contact point, upper edge of a touch down rail or a hooking-in bar when the ladder is standing in its correct working position 3.40 height to upper edge of rung/step/platform h2distance measured vertically from the floor level to the uppe

44、r edge of the topmost rung/step or platform of the ladder when the ladder is standing in its correct working position (see Figure 35) 3.41 inclination , angle ( for ascending leg, for supporting leg) between the horizontal plane and the legs of the ladder Figure 20 BS EN 131-1:2015EN 131-1:2015 (E)

45、12 No Terms Definition Figure 3.42 width of platform l6distance between the left and the right edges of the platform Figure 21 3.43 depth of platform l7distance between the front and the rear edges of the platform 3.44 platform overhang c distance from the rear side of the support legs to the rear e

46、dge of the platform 3.45 hand-/knee rail height d vertical distance from the top edge of the platform to the top edge of the hand-/knee rail 3.46 thickness of stile t outside dimension of the stile, measured perpendicular to the stile axis in the plane of the ladder (see Figures 28 to 31) 3.47 clear

47、ance e horizontal distance between the rungs of two parallel parts of the ladder, when the locking devices are in the use position (see Figure 27) 3.48 bar type stabilizer component fixed across the base of a ladder and acts as a device to increase the base width b2and provides increased stability F

48、igure 22 3.49 lateral type stabilizer component fixed to the ladder in the plane of the ladders width and acts as a device to increase the base width b2and provides increased stability Figure 23 BS EN 131-1:2015EN 131-1:2015 (E) 13 No Terms Definition Figure 3.50 pole type stabilizer component fixed

49、 to the ladder not in the plane of the ladders width and acts as a device to increase the base width b2and provides increased stability Figure 24 4 Functional sizes 4.1 General The drawings are examples only and products need not correspond. However, dimensions are binding. The rungs and steps of a ladder shall be equally spaced with a tolerance of 2 mm. In addition to the requirements on the complete ladder, sections which can be dismantled without the use of tools shall conform, section by section, with the requirements for one piece leaning ladde