1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13100-2:2004 Non-destructive testing of welded joints in thermoplastics semi-finished products Part 2: X-ray radiographic testing The European Standard EN 13100-2:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 25.160.40 BS EN 13100-2:2004 This British Standard was published und
2、er the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 3 December 2004 BSI 3 December 2004 ISBN 0 580 44957 2 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13100-2:2004. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
3、PRI/80, Welding of plastics, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in
4、the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsibl
5、e for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK
6、 interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 17 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates
7、when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN131002 November2004 ICS25.160.40 Englishversion Nondestructivetestingofweldedjointsinthermoplasticssemi finishedproductsPart2:Xrayradiographictesting Essaisno
8、ndestructifsdesassemblagessoudssur produitssemifinisenthermoplastiquesPartie2:Contrle radiographiqueparrayonsX ZerstrungsfreiePrfungvonSchweiverbindungen thermoplastischerKunststoffeTeil2:Rntgenprfung ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon14October2004. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECIn
9、ternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeof
10、ficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Esto
11、nia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCe
12、ntre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2004CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN131002:2004:EEN 13100-2:2004 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Symbols and abbreviations 5 5 General5
13、Security Measures 5 5.2 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture5 5.3 Location of the weld in the radiograph .6 5.4 Identification of radiographs 6 5.5 Marking .6 5.6 Overlap of films6 5.7 Types and position of image quality indicators (IQI).6 5.8 Evaluation of image quality 7 5.9 Minimum image
14、quality values.7 5.10 Personnel qualification .7 6 Recommended techniques for making radiographs7 6.1 Test arrangements.7 6.2 Choice of tube voltage 11 6.3 Film systems and screens 11 6.4 Alignment of beam.11 6.5 Source-to-object distance.11 6.6 Maximum area for a single exposure.12 6.7 Density of r
15、adiograph12 6.8 Processing12 6.9 Film viewing conditions 12 7 Examination report 13 Annex A (normative) Minimum image quality values .14 A.1 Single-wall technique; IQI on source side 14 A.2 Double-wall technique; double image; IQI on source side15 A.3 Double-wall thickness; single or double image; I
16、QI on film side .15 Annex B (informative) Recommended number of exposures when using the perpendicular, double- wall, single-image and single-wall off-centre techniques for a circumferential butt weld.16 EN 13100-2:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13100-2:2004) has been prepared by Technical Co
17、mmittee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, the secretariat of which is held by IBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the lates
18、t by May 2005. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, It
19、aly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 13100-2:2004 (E) 4 1 Scope This document specifies fundamental radiographic techniques which enable repeatable results to be obtained economically.
20、This document applies to the X-ray radiographic examination of heated tool, electrofusion, extrusion and hot gas joints in plastics materials. It applies to joints in single wall pipes and plates with a range of thicknesses from 5 mm to 100 mm. It only applies to pipes containing air or other gases
21、at the time of X-ray testing. This document does not specify acceptance levels of the indications. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the lates
22、t edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 462-1, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 1: Image quality indicators (wire type) - Determination of image quality value EN 462-2, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 2: Image qua
23、lity indicators (step/hole type) - Determination of image quality value EN 473, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnel General principles EN 584-1, Non destructive testing Industrial radiographic film Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiography
24、 EN 584-2, Non destructive testing Industrial radiographic film Part 2: Control of film processing by means of reference values EN 25580, Non destructive testing Industrial radiographic illuminators Minimum requirements (ISO 5580:1985) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the f
25、ollowing terms and definitions apply. 3.1 nominal thickness nominal thickness of the parent material NOTE Manufacturing tolerances are not taken into account. 3.2 penetrated thickness thickness of material in the direction of the radiation beam including the thickness of the weld beads on butt fusio
26、n joints (if appropriate), or the additional thickness of the socket for electrofusion joints, or the combined thickness of the top and bottom half of the joint for multiple wall techniques 3.3 object-to-film distance distance between the radiation side of the test object and the film surface, measu
27、red along the central axis of the radiation beam EN 13100-2:2004 (E) 5 3.4 source size size of the radiation source, e.g. the focal spot size of the X-ray tube 3.5 source-to-film distance distance between the radiation source and the film measured in the direction of the beam 3.6 source-to-object di
28、stance distance between the radiation source and the source side of the test object, measured along the central axis of the radiation beam 3.7 diameter nominal outside diameter of the pipe 4 Symbols and abbreviations Symbols and abbreviations are given in Table 1. Table 1 Symbols and abbreviations S
29、ymbols and abbreviations Designations Units b Object-to-film distance mm d Source size mm D n Diameter mm f Source-to-object distance mm SFD Source-to-film distance mm t Nominal thickness mm w Penetrated thickness mm S Radiation source F Film Inclination angle SDR D n/t 5 General 5.1 Security Measur
30、es Local or national or international safety precautions when using ionising radiation shall be strictly applied. WARNING NOTICE - Exposure of any part of the human body to X-rays can be highly injurious to health. Wherever X-ray equipment is in use, appropriate legal requirements shall be applied.
31、5.2 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture Prior to radiography the joint shall be cleaned to remove all traces of dirt etc. from the component surface, which might later cause difficulty in detecting defects. In the case of heated tool butt welded pipes, the external weld bead shall be remove
32、d prior to radiography. EN 13100-2:2004 (E) 6 5.3 Location of the weld in the radiograph Where the weld is not likely to be clearly visible on the radiograph, high-density markers (e.g. lead) shall be placed on either side of the weld before testing. 5.4 Identification of radiographs Symbols (normal
33、ly lead markers) shall be affixed to each section of the object being radiographed. The images of these symbols shall appear in the radiograph outside the region of interest and shall ensure unambiguous identification of the section. 5.5 Marking Permanent markings on the object to be examined shall
34、be made in order to accurately locate the position of each radiograph. Where the nature of the material and/or its service conditions do not permit permanent marking, the location of each radiograph may be recorded by means of accurate sketches. 5.6 Overlap of films When radiographing an area with t
35、wo or more separate films, the films shall overlap sufficiently to ensure that the complete region of interest is radiographed. This shall be verified by a high-density marker on the surface of the object, which will appear on each film. 5.7 Types and position of image quality indicators (IQI) The q
36、uality of image shall be verified by use of image quality indicator(s) (IQI) in accordance with EN 462-1 or EN 462-2. The IQI(s) shall be made from the same material as the inspected material or a material with a similar absorption with a tolerance of 10 % in the absorption coefficient. In accordanc
37、e with EN 462-1 or EN 462-2 the applied IQI(s) shall have the inscription with the name of the document, the number of the thickest wire or the first step hole and the material. For plastic materials, this requires the name of the material (e.g.: PE- polyethylene, PP- polypropylene, PVC- polyvinylch
38、loride, etc.) and the materials density given in g/cm 3with at least two significant digits. The IQI used shall be placed preferably on the source side of the test object at the centre of the area of interest on the parent material beside the weld. The IQI shall be in close contact with the surface
39、of the object. It shall be located in a section of uniform thickness characterised by a uniform optical density on the film. According to the IQI type used, two cases shall be considered. a) When using a wire IQI, the wires shall be directed perpendicular to the weld and its location shall ensure th
40、at at least 10 mm of the wire length will show in a section of uniform optical density, which is normally in the parent material adjacent to the weld. At exposures in accordance with Figures 3 and 4 the IQI should not be projected into the image of the weld. b) When using a step/hole IQI, it shall b
41、e placed in such a way that the hole number required is placed close to the weld. At exposures in accordance with Figures 3 and 4 the IQI may be placed on the film side. In this case reference shall be made to Tables A.5 and A.6 given in Annex A. Where the IQIs are placed at the film side, the lead
42、letter F shall be placed near the IQI and it shall be noted in the test report. If steps have been taken to guarantee that radiographs of similar test objects and regions are produced with identical exposure and processing techniques, and no differences in the image quality value are likely, the ima
43、ge EN 13100-2:2004 (E) 7 quality need not be verified for every radiograph, the extent of image quality verification being subject to agreement between the contracting parties. For panoramic exposures of pipes (see Figure 2) with diameter 200 mm and above, at least three IQIs shall be placed equally
44、 spaced around the circumference. The film(s) showing IQI images are then considered representative for the whole circumference. 5.8 Evaluation of image quality The films shall be viewed in accordance with EN 25580. From the examination of the image of the IQI on the radiograph, the number of the sm
45、allest wire or hole, which shall be discerned, shall be determined. The image of a wire shall be accepted if a continuous length of at least 10 mm is clearly visible in a section of uniform optical density. In the case of the step/hole type IQI, if there are two holes of the same diameter, both shal
46、l be discernible in order that the step is considered as visible. The image quality obtained shall be indicated on the examination report of the radiographic examination. In each case, the type of indicator used shall be clearly stated, as shown on the IQI. 5.9 Minimum image quality values Tables A.
47、1 to A.6 in Annex A show the minimum image quality values for plastics materials. 5.10 Personnel qualification Personnel performing non-destructive examination in accordance with this document shall be qualified in accordance with the relevant document, e.g. EN 473. 6 Recommended techniques for maki
48、ng radiographs 6.1 Test arrangements Normally radiographic techniques in accordance with Figures 1 to 9 shall be used. In the case of heated tool butt welded pipes, the external weld bead shall be removed prior to radiography. For test arrangements in accordance with Figures 3, 5 and 6, the inclination of the beam shall be kept as small as possible, but sufficient to prevent superimposition of the two images. The source-to-object distance, f, should be kept as small as possible, in accordance with 6.5. For Figures 5 and 6, the I
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