1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13184:2001 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Non-destructive testing Leak testing Pressure change method The European Standard EN 13184:2001, with the incorporation of amendment A1:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 19.100 BS EN 13184:2001 This British Standard, having
2、been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 May 2001 BSI 5 February 2004 ISBN 0 580 37217 0 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13184
3、:2001, including amendment A1:2003. Together with BS EN 13185:2001 it supersedes BS 3636:1963 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this
4、 committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search”
5、 facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal oblig
6、ations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This d
7、ocument comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 22, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 14964 5 February
8、2004 Revision to Foreword page and deletion of Annex ZA EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13184 March 2001 + A1 December 2003 ICS 19.100 English version Non-destructive testing Leak testing Pressure change method (includes amendment A1:2003) Essais non destructifs Contrle dtanchit
9、 Mthode par variation de pression (inclut lamendement A1:2003) Zerstrungsfreie Prfung Dichtheitsprfung Drucknderungsverfahren (enthlt nderung A1:2003) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 January 2001, and amendment A1 was approved by CEN on 20 November 2003. CEN members are bound to com
10、ply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management
11、 Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the offici
12、al versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE F
13、OR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2001 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13184:2001 + A1:2003 EPage 2 EN 13184:2001
14、 Contents Page Foreword .3 1 Scope4 2 Normative references4 3 Terms and definitions.4 4 Personnel qualification.4 5 General requirements.5 6 Calibration6 7 Pressure decay technique See EN 1779, technique D.1.6 8 Pressure rise technique See EN 1779, technique D.2.10 9 Bell pressure change technique S
15、ee EN 1779, technique D.3.12 10 Flow measurement technique See EN 1779, technique D.4.13 11 Test report14 Annex A (normative) Calculations for pressure change methods .18 Annex B (informative) Determination of the leakage rate in the presence of outgassing and permeation .20 Annex C (informative) Ch
16、eck for leakage across the isolation valve .22 Page 3 EN 13184:2001 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138, Non-destructive testing, the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either
17、 by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2001. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Associat
18、ion. Annex A is normative, the annexes B and C are informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greec
19、e, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Foreword to amendment A1 This document EN 13184:2001/A1:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing”, the secretariat of which is held by AF
20、NOR. This Amendment to the European Standard EN 13184:2001 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2004. This document has b
21、een prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Repu
22、blic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Page 4 EN 13184:2001 1 Scope This document describes the techniques for the determination of the leakage r
23、ates across the boundary of an isolated object, subjected to a pressure difference. The techniques are based on the evaluation of the change of the mass of gas within the test object. The ideal gas equation states the relationship between mass, pressure, temperature, volume of the gas contained in t
24、he internal free volume of the object. In some circumstances one or more variables may be considered constant and so the mass change can, for example, be assessed by monitoring the pressure or pressure-temperature changes within the test object. The volume change of the object (due to pressure and t
25、emperature changes during the test) should be taken into account. In most industrial applications, however, this change is so small that it can be neglected. Therefore the main part of this standard considers the volume as a constant during the test. The deformability of the object under test is nor
26、mally to be considered in drafting of the test specification and, if test precision can be affected by a volume change, alternative formulae or some techniques of keeping the pressure constant (flow measurement) can be used. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or unda
27、ted reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when
28、incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 473, Qualification and certification of NDT personnel General principles. EN 1330-8, Non-destructive testing Terminology Part 8: Terms used in leak
29、 tightness testing. EN 1779, Non-destructive testing Leak testing Criteria for method and technique selection. EN 13185:2001, Non-destructive testing Leak testing Tracer gas method. prEN 13625:2001, Non-destructive testing Leak test Guide to the selection of instrumentation for the measurement of ga
30、s leakage. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions given in EN 1330-8 and the following apply. 3.1 differential pressure gauge instrument measuring the difference between two pressures 4 Personnel qualification It is assumed that leak t
31、ightness testing is performed by qualified and capable personnel. In order to prove this qualification, it is recommended to certify the personnel according to EN 473 or equivalent. NOTE For pressure equipment see directive 97/23/EC (Annex I, paragraph 3.1.3): “For pressure equipment in categories I
32、II and IV, the personnel must be approved by a third party organization recognized by a Member State”. Page 5 EN 13184:2001 5 General Requirements 5.1 Safety The design of the object under test shall be checked to ensure its integrity under the pressure differential, at the temperature of the test,
33、having regard for the effects of the temperature increases due to ambient changes, solar heating, etc. Specific devices to prevent excessive pressure gradients may have to be provided in accordance with local safety regulations to assure that the design limits cannot be exceeded. 5.2 Feasibility The
34、 leakage rate determines the change in the total pressure that takes place over a given period of time. Because of this, the resolution of gauges should be such that the pressure change can be determined accurately. The instrument sensitivity is related to the final reading: this sensitivity should
35、be at minimum five to ten times higher than the pressure to be expected. The instrument resolution has to be defined within the acceptance criteria. 5.3 Test intruments 5.3.1 Types of gauges see prEN 13625:2001 Vacuum gauges suitable for the test pressure range. Pressure gauges: Absolute or differen
36、tial pressure gauges may be used. When differential pressure gauges are used, reference pressure variations shall be monitored and taken into account. Thermometers: Resistance thermometers are generally used for temperature measurements, but other devices may be employed. Hygrometer: For the measure
37、ments of the humidity or the dew point of test gas, capacitive or resistive type instruments may be used. Flowmeters may be of mass or volumetric types, with an integrator device. All instruments shall have ranges, resolution, accuracy, and repeatability compatible with the acceptance criteria. 5.3.
38、2 Location For pressure measurement either single or a small number of sensors are normally used. NOTE Sensors should be placed in the most appropriate position in the test object. With large vessels or complex systems, the temperature and dew point at several positions shall be monitored since thes
39、e can vary across a system, particularly if there are thermally isolated, occluded or dead volumes. Such variation shall be taken into account in the calculations. Dials and indicating/recording devices shall be readily accessible to the operator. In long-term tests, an appropriate number of sensors
40、 shall be used so that the failure of one or more sensors will not invalidate the test. Page 6 EN 13184:2001 5.4 Auxiliary equipment Auxiliary equipment used in the performance of the test includes: compressors or vacuum pump systems; pressure regulators, dryers, tight chambers; valves, vent lines,
41、safety devices against overpressure or high vacuum. 6 Calibration All the instruments shall be calibrated against devices that are traceable to national standards. 7 Pressure decay technique See EN 1779, technique D.1 7.1 Application This method is applicable to test objects or systems that can with
42、stand an internal overpressure without deformation or significant variation of the volume. The internal free volume shall be known, unless the leakage rate is specified as a rate of pressure fall within the pressure involved. If the test is carried out under conditions different from those character
43、istics of normal operation (different operating fluids, different pressure), this shall be taken into account in the test procedures and in the test acceptance limits. 7.2 Working principle The object under test is subjected to a positive differential pressure (either by pressurization or by placing
44、 it in a vacuum chamber). The pressure source is then isolated and, after a suitable temperature stabilization time, the pressure and the temperature reading (dew point readings if required) are recorded at regular intervals. Two techniques may be used. 7.2.1 Absolute technique The indicated pressur
45、e is the absolute pressure. 7.2.2 Reference vessel technique The pressure within the test object is compared to the pressure inside a reference object. The latter may be a sealed volume located within the test object, of such a geometry that it can assume the temperature of the atmosphere of the obj
46、ect. The reference volume shall have a pressure slightly lower than the object and shall be tested for tightness before and after the test; its temperature shall also be recorded. 7.3 Free volume measurement The internal free volume of the object shall be accurately assessed if the leakage rate is t
47、o be stated as a mass flow. Volume can be estimated, for example, from several measurements of a significant pressure fall over a short given time caused by a measured leakage rate through a valve. The volume can be estimated from the average value of the pressure drop and the total gas lost. Page 7
48、 EN 13184:2001 If the leakage rate is expressed as a percentage of the total mass of enclosed gas lost per unit time, then a knowledge of the enclosed free volume is not required. 7.4 Procedure 7.4.1 Object preparation The object shall be clean and dry. All internal components that cannot withstand
49、the test pressure shall be removed. Part of the system not subjected to the test shall be isolated, using suitable devices, including temporary blank flanges, welded if necessary. Large thin-walled tanks should be monitored (strain gauges) in order to take into account sudden volume changes due to boundary instability. Care shall be taken where trapped or poorly-accessible volumes may be encountered (double bead welds, settles, double
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