EN 1371-2-2015 en Founding - Liquid penetrant testing - Part 2 Investment castings《铸造 液体渗透试验 第2部分 熔模铸件》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1371-2:2015Founding Liquid penetranttestingPart 2: Investment castingsBS EN 1371-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1371-2:2015. Itsupersedes BS EN 1371-2:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its prep

2、aration was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/111, Steel Castings and Forgings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its corr

3、ectapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 82656 6ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.80; 77.150.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandar

4、ds Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 1371-2:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1371-2 January 2015 ICS 77.140.80; 77.150.99 Supersedes EN 1371-2:1998English Version Founding - Liquid penetrant testing -

5、Part 2: Investment castings Fonderie - Contrle par ressuage - Partie 2 : Pices en moulage de prcision (cire perdue) Gieereiwesen - Eindringprfung - Teil 2: FeingussstckeThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 December 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regul

6、ations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN membe

7、r. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CE

8、N members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,

9、Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in a

10、ny form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1371-2:2015 EBS EN 1371-2:2015EN 1371-2:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Conditions for liquid penetrant testing .5 4 Method of testing .6 4.1 Operating mode .6 4

11、.2 Qualification of the operators .6 4.3 Surface preparation .6 4.4 Viewing conditions 6 5 Acceptance criteria 6 5.1 Indications of discontinuities .6 5.2 Definition of liquid penetrant indications 7 5.3 Severity levels 7 6 Classification of the indications and interpretation of results .8 7 Retesti

12、ng .8 8 Post cleaning and protection .8 9 Test report 9 Annex A (informative) Indicative conversion of severity levels of linear (LP) and aligned (AP) indications . 11 Annex B (informative) Nature of discontinuities and types of corresponding liquid penetrant indications . 12 Annex C (informative) R

13、eference figures Non-linear clustered indications designated CP . 13 Annex D (informative) Reference figures Linear and aligned indications designated LP and AP . 14 Annex E (informative) Model of a liquid penetrant test report. 15 Annex F (informative) Significant technical changes between this Eur

14、opean Standard and the previous edition 18 Bibliography . 19 BS EN 1371-2:2015EN 1371-2:2015 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1371-2:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 “Foundry technology”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the stat

15、us of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject o

16、f patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1371-2:1998. Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 requested CEN/TC 190/WG 11 “Surface inspection“ to revise the following standard: EN

17、1371-2:1998, Founding Liquid penetrant inspection Part 2: Investment castings This is one of two European Standards for liquid penetrant testing for castings. The other standard is: EN 1371-1, Founding Liquid penetrant testing Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings. Annex F provides

18、 details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cy

19、prus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the Unit

20、ed Kingdom. BS EN 1371-2:2015EN 1371-2:2015 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard complements the general principles of liquid penetrant testing given in EN ISO 3452-1 for the additional requirements for investment castings. The structure of this European Standard is similar to that of EN 1371-1

21、:2011, Founding Liquid penetrant testing Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings 1. It has been written to take account of the difference of dimension of the reference area and the difference of nature of discontinuities with regard to other casting processes for which EN 1371-1 is a

22、pplicable. Liquid penetrant testing as well as any other non-destructive examination method is part of a general or specific assessment of the quality of a casting to be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order. BS EN 1371-2:2015EN 1371-2:2015 (E) 5 1

23、Scope This European Standard specifies a liquid penetrant testing method for castings produced by investment casting for general purposes. NOTE Investment casting is sometimes referred to as lost-wax casting. This European Standard applies to all cast metals, except copper-tin and/or copper-tin-lead

24、 alloy castings, where copper is the major constituent (see EN 1982 3). 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated refere

25、nces, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1370, Founding Examination of surface condition EN 4179, Aerospace series Qualification and approval of personnel for non-destructive testing EN ISO 3059, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing and magnetic

26、 particle testing Viewing conditions (ISO 3059) EN ISO 3452-1, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 1: General principles (ISO 3452-1) EN ISO 3452-2, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials (ISO 3452-2) EN ISO 3452-5, Non-destructive testing Penetra

27、nt testing Part 5: Penetrant testing at temperatures higher than 50 degrees C (ISO 3452-5) EN ISO 3452-6, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 6: Penetrant testing at temperatures lower than 10 degrees C (ISO 3452-6) EN ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of N

28、DT personnel (ISO 9712) 3 Conditions for liquid penetrant testing The manufacturing stage(s) when liquid penetrant testing is to be performed shall be clearly defined by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser by the time of ordering. The methods detailed in this standard shall only app

29、ly to the agreed surfaces of castings and the percentage or number of castings to be checked. For each agreed area of the casting to be inspected, the following shall be indicated: type of discontinuity; severity level. This information enables the manufacturer to assess the additional testing and o

30、perations involved. Sensitivity can differ depending on the method of liquid penetrant testing selected and surface conditions, the application of the casting (e.g. increased wear, safety related component) and its manufacture stage. Therefore the liquid penetrants used and the method agreed shall f

31、it to detect the minimum required severity level. BS EN 1371-2:2015EN 1371-2:2015 (E) 6 The type of discontinuity and the severity level can vary depending on the area of the casting inspected (see Table 1 and Table 2). The conversion from the severity levels specified in EN 1371-2:1998, Table 3 2,

32、to the severity levels specified in Table 2 of the present edition is given in Table A.1. 4 Method of testing 4.1 Operating mode Testing shall be carried out as described in EN ISO 3452-1, EN ISO 3452-2, EN ISO 3452-5 and EN ISO 3452-6. The characteristics of the penetrant materials shall be checked

33、 in accordance with specifications to be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 4.2 Qualification of the operators Testing shall be performed by qualified personnel. The level of qualification shall be agreed between the contracting parties (e.g. EN ISO 9712, or EN 4179, or a similar cer

34、tification scheme). 4.3 Surface preparation The surface to be inspected shall be clean, free from rust, scale, moulding residues, oil, grease, paint or any other contaminant which can interfere with a correct testing. The surface to inspect shall be cleaned by using mechanical or chemical methods, o

35、r a combination of these. Shot blasting is not recommended prior to liquid penetrant testing. If shot blasting is necessary, it shall be as light as possible, in order to avoid sealing or closing up possible discontinuities. If the risk of sealing or closing up possible discontinuities is unacceptab

36、le then blasting shall be followed by chemical etching in order to enable detection of discontinuities. The chemical composition of the etching bath and other parameters such as concentration, temperature, immersion time neutralizing and rinsing, if applicable, shall be recorded. To detect the small

37、est indication to be considered, the surface finish shall be in accordance with Table 3, unless otherwise specified at the time of ordering. The assessment of surface finish should be carried out using a visual cast-surface roughness comparator; see EN 1370. 4.4 Viewing conditions The examination of

38、 the indications shall be carried out with the naked eye or at a minimum magnification of 3 and viewing conditions in conformity with EN ISO 3059. 5 Acceptance criteria 5.1 Indications of discontinuities 5.1.1 General The indication of discontinuities can be non-linear (isolated or clustered), align

39、ed or linear. Although liquid penetrant testing cannot generally be used to determine the size of detected discontinuities, it allows discontinuities to be assessed by measurement of the length L of the indication. In the following clauses: L indicates length; W indicates width; P indicates liquid p

40、enetrant; BS EN 1371-2:2015EN 1371-2:2015 (E) 7 SP indicates non-linear isolated indication; CP indicates non-linear clustered indication; AP indicates aligned indication; LP indicates linear indication. NOTE Based on the principle of the test method, the operator evaluates the size of the indicatio

41、ns, not the real size of discontinuities. 5.1.2 Criteria The physical discontinuities shall give either a non-linear, linear or aligned liquid penetrant testing indication. The various types of penetrant indication can correspond to the discontinuities (A, B, C, etc.) shown in Annex B. 5.2 Definitio

42、n of liquid penetrant indications a) Linear indication (LP). An indication with a largest dimension three or more times its smallest dimension (i.e. L 3 W); b) Non-linear indication. An indication with a largest dimension less than three times its smallest dimension (i.e. L 50 mm LP 01 AP 01 LP 1 AP

43、 1 1 1 1 LP 2 AP 2 2 LP 3 AP 3 3 2 LP 4 AP 4 4 2 LP 5 AP 5 5 3 LP 6 AP 6 6 4 3 LP 7 AP 7 5 LP 8 AP 8 6 4 LP 8 AP 8 5 6 BS EN 1371-2:2015EN 1371-2:2015 (E) 12 Annex B (informative) Nature of discontinuities and types of corresponding liquid penetrant indications Table B.1 Nature of discontinuities an

44、d types of corresponding liquid penetrant indications Nature of discontinuities Symbol Types of liquid penetrant indications non-linear linear aligned isolated SP clustered CP LP AP Gas porosity A X X X Sand and/or slag inclusions (other than alumina) B X X X Shrinkage C X X X X Cracks D X X Hot tea

45、rs E X X Inserts F X X X Laps and cold shuts H X X Presence of aluminium oxides (alumina) or magnesium oxidesaJ X X Other inclusions (shell) N X X X aFor aluminium alloy or magnesium alloy castings only. BS EN 1371-2:2015EN 1371-2:2015 (E) 13 Annex C (informative) Reference figures Non-linear cluste

46、red indications designated CP All reference figures shown in this annex are for guidance only and should be used at a scale of 1:1. a) CP 1 b) CP 2 c) CP 3 d) CP 4 e) CP 5 f) CP 6 g) CP 7 h) CP 8 Key indications not to be considered indications to be considered Figure C.1 Non-linear clustered indica

47、tions designated CP BS EN 1371-2:2015EN 1371-2:2015 (E) 14 Annex D (informative) Reference figures Linear and aligned indications designated LP and AP All reference figures shown in this annex are for guidance only and should be used at a scale of 1:1. a) LP 1 AP 1 b) LP 2 AP 2 c) LP 3 AP 3 d) LP 4

48、AP 4 e) LP 5 AP 5 f) LP 6 AP 6 g) LP 7 AP 7 h) LP 8 AP 8 Key indications not to be considered indications to be considered Figure D.1 Linear and aligned indications designated LP and AP BS EN 1371-2:2015EN 1371-2:2015 (E) 15 Annex E (informative) Model of a liquid penetrant test report Company Socit

49、 Firma Liquid-penetrant test report Contrle par ressuage - Rapport dessais Prfbericht zur Eindringprfung No. n Nr. Sheet Page Blatt According to Conforme Entsprechend Customer Client Kunde Order No. Commande n Bestell-Nr. Specification Spcification Vorschrift Material Nuance Werkstoff Heat No. Coule n Schmelze Nr. Identification Marquage Kennzeichnung Quantity Quantit Menge Casting designation Dsignation des pices Gussstckbe