EN 13861-2011 en Safety of machinery - Guidance for the application of ergonomics standards in the design of machinery《机械安全性 机械设计人类工效学应用指南》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 13861:2011Safety of machinery Guidance for the applicationof ergonomics standards in thedesign of machineryBS EN 13861:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British St

2、andard is the UK implementation of EN 13861:2011. Itsupersedes BS EN 13861:2002 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/9, Applied ergonomics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.Thi

3、s publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 74006 0ICS 13.110; 13.180Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published u

4、nder the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 13861:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13861 October 2011 ICS 13.110; 13.180 Supersedes EN 13861:2002English Version Safety of machin

5、ery - Guidance for the application of ergonomics standards in the design of machinery Scurit des machines - Guide pour lapplication des normes relatives lergonomie dans la conception des machines Sicherheit von Maschinen - Leitfaden fr die Anwendung von Ergonomie-Normen bei der Gestaltung von Maschi

6、nenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 September 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographica

7、l references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility o

8、f a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hunga

9、ry, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre

10、: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13861:2011: EBS EN 13861:2011EN 13861:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction . 41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definiti

11、ons . 54 Application of ergonomics standards in the design of machinery 64.1 Introduction 64.2 Process for guidance to the appropriate ergonomics standards . 64.2.1 General 64.2.2 Step 1: Hazard analysis and risk estimation . 64.2.3 Step 2: Investigation of applicability of standards . 74.2.4 Step 3

12、: Evaluation of the risks using relevant ergonomics standards 74.2.5 Step 4: Risk reduction using the various standards 84.2.6 Step 5: Verification 85 Information for use 10Annex A (normative) Relation between hazards as described in EN ISO 12100 and applicable B-standards related to ergonomics . 11

13、Annex B (informative) Checklist for listing the limits of the machinery (step 1) 21B.1 General 21B.2 External preconditions 22B.2.1 User limits . 22B.2.2 Space limits 23B.2.3 Time limits 23B.2.4 Environmental conditions (of the intended work sites, NOT related to the machinery design) . 23B.3 Work t

14、asks (man/machine interface) . 23B.3.1 Intended and expected use . 23B.3.2 Expected use of personal protective equipment 24B.3.3 Foreseeable misuse in terms of ergonomics (EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.24) 24Annex C (informative) Additional requirements for C-type standardization . 25C.1 General 25C.2 To Cla

15、use 1 “Scope” . 25C.3 To 4.2.3, “Step 2: Investigation of applicability of standards” . 25C.4 To 4.2.4,“Step 3: Evaluation of the risks using relevant ergonomics standards” 25C.5 To 4.2.5, “Step 4: Risk reduction using the various standards” 25C.6 To 4.2.6, “Step 5: Verification” . 25C.7 Requirement

16、s for residual risks . 26Annex D (informative) List of ergonomics standards applicable to the design of machinery safety standards 27Bibliography 44BS EN 13861:2011EN 13861:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13861:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”, the secreta

17、riat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2012. Attention is drawn to t

18、he possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13861:2002. This document is intended to provide guidance for standardisers and m

19、anufacturers seeking to deal with the ergonomic requirements defined in EN ISO 12100:2010, 6.2.8, 6.3.2 and 5.3.2. During the development of this document the Technical Committee has referred to the recommendations made within CEN/CENELEC Guide 6 to address the specific needs of older persons and pe

20、rsons with disabilities. Annex A is normative; Annexes B, C and D are informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Repu

21、blic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13861:2011EN 13861:2011 (E) 4 Introduction Th

22、e designer of machinery is under an obligation to assess the risks during all phases of the life cycle of the machinery (see EN ISO 12100:2010, Clause 4). This includes knowledge and experience of the design, use, incidents, accidents and harm. This European Standard elaborates EN ISO 12100:2010, An

23、nex B as far as ergonomics are concerned. This standard refers to European and International ergonomics Standards in the various relevant fields. The standards for ergonomic design of machinery, as referred to in this document, can help to avoid or reduce numerous hazards and risks, as assessed at t

24、he design stage, whilst considering the intended use, the expected use and the foreseeable misuse of the machinery. BS EN 13861:2011EN 13861:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard provides a methodology to achieve a coherent application of various ergonomics standards for the design of machinery.

25、 This standard presents a step model calling upon specific standards. To this end, Annex A shows a reference table with relation between hazards as described in EN ISO 12100:2010 and applicable B-standards related to ergonomics. This European Standard can only be used in combination with other relev

26、ant ergonomics standards. This European Standard provides guidance where no relevant or suitable ergonomics clauses in C-type standards are available. This European Standard may also be used for incorporating ergonomics in the drafting of C-type standards (see Annex C for further information). 2 Nor

27、mative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including amendments) applies. EN 614-1, Safety of machinery Ergon

28、omic design principles Part 1: Terminology and general principles EN 614-2, Safety of machinery Ergonomic design principles Part 2: Interactions between the design of machinery and work tasks EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO

29、 12100:2010) CEN Guide 414:2004, Safety of machinery Rules for the drafting and presentation of safety standards 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the following apply: 3.1 ergonomics human factors scientific discipline

30、 concerned with the understanding of the interactions among human and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance (IEA1), 2000) NOTE Adapted from prEN ISO 26800:2011. 3

31、.2 machinery machine assembly, fitted with or intended to be fitted with a drive system consisting of linked parts or components, at least one of which moves, and which are joined together for a specific application 1) International Ergonomics Association. BS EN 13861:2011EN 13861:2011 (E) 6 NOTE 1

32、The term “machinery“ also covers an assembly of machines which, in order to achieve the same end, are arranged and controlled so that they function as an integral whole. NOTE 2 EN ISO 12100:2010, Annex A provides a general schematic representation of a machine. EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.1 3.3 operator pe

33、rson or persons installing, operating, adjusting, maintaining, cleaning, repairing or moving machinery Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, Annex I, 1.1.1 4 Application of ergonomics standards in the design of machinery 4.1 Introduction This standard provides a step-by-step approach for the application o

34、f ergonomics standards in the design of machinery. Users of this standard should select and use a C-type standard for that particular machine. For issues related to ergonomics the described step model may be used as guidance through the process of selecting the appropriate B-type ergonomics standard

35、s, whilst carrying out a risk assessment according to EN ISO 12100. 4.2 Process for guidance to the appropriate ergonomics standards 4.2.1 General The guidance process is based on the general procedures for dealing with safety clauses. EN ISO 12100 provides a description of basic hazards, describes

36、intrinsic design measures, and gives a list of examples for hazards, hazardous situations, and hazardous events that occur when using machinery. In order to meet the essential health and safety requirements, the machinery shall be designed in accordance with EN 614-1 and EN 614-2. The following step

37、 model gives a methodology to achieve a coherent application of various ergonomics standards (see Figure 1). 4.2.2 Step 1: Hazard analysis and risk estimation Specify the limits of the machine with respect to ergonomics. Identify the hazards present at the machine during all modes of operation and a

38、t each stage in life of the machine by following the guidance in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4. Ergonomic aspects of machinery can only be assessed, evaluated and verified when all intended interchangeable equipment of the machinery are known. Ergonomics requirements are necessary when considering the oper

39、ator and the exposed persons. Specifying the limits of the machinery during the life cycle phases as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.3, involves the following ergonomics aspects: BS EN 13861:2011EN 13861:2011 (E) 7 Table 1 Ergonomic aspects for specifying the limits of the machinery External preco

40、nditions (characteristics and restrictions) Work tasks (man/machine interface) Use limits (user groups) Intended and expected types of jobs Space limits Expected use of personal protective equipment Time limits duration frequency Foreseeable misuse Environmental conditions climate noise, lighting vi

41、bration dust, fume or other nuisances Annex B provides a checklist for listing the limits of the machinery. 4.2.3 Step 2: Investigation of applicability of standards Specify if a specific C-type standard exists. Check in the relevant C-type standard if the hazards generated by neglecting ergonomics

42、principles and related risks are dealt with. Check which B-type standards may be used instead of or in addition to the relevant C-type standard. If a relevant C-type standard is found, this should be followed first. Where appropriate, these C-type standards refer to A- and B-type standards for reduc

43、tion of risks, which are likely to occur with the machinery involved. If no suitable C-type standard is available, or if the C-type standard concerned does not cover ergonomics related risks sufficiently, see Annex A for relevant B-type standards. 4.2.4 Step 3: Evaluation of the risks using relevant

44、 ergonomics standards Assess the remaining risks related to ergonomics. Check whether these risks are relevant. Consider the ergonomics standards mentioned in relation to the relevant risks (see Annex A). Check if these standards have been used to optimize the design of machinery. BS EN 13861:2011EN

45、 13861:2011 (E) 8 In order to carry out the risk evaluation, the respective horizontal B-type standards on general and specific ergonomics related risks shall be considered. These standards are classified in Annex A (a short description of these standards can be found in Annex D). Ergonomics related

46、 risks are significant if a human being and the machinery are part of a common work system (man machine interface). This interaction involves a mutual role as an interface as a tool, a fixture, an energy source or a link in a safety chain. See EN 614-1 and EN 614-2. 4.2.5 Step 4: Risk reduction usin

47、g the various standards Use one of the following alternatives: a solution as described in a C-type standard which refers to B-type standards for ergonomics where relevant; relevant B-type standards for ergonomics where no C-type standard is available; other (additional) references, related to ergono

48、mics. All the relevant and significant risks shall be reduced. However, there may be one or more reasons why some risks cannot be dealt with, e.g. there is no information available or the standard is restricted to some specific items. If the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) has to be taken

49、 into account when designing the machine, an additional risk assessment shall be carried out in order to check that all essential health and safety requirements, including ergonomics, have been satisfied. 4.2.6 Step 5: Verification Check if all relevant and significant ergonomic related risks have been removed or reduced with the help of applicable standards. Check