EN 1398-2009 en Dock levellers - Safety requirements《船坞矫平机 安全要求》.pdf

1、BS EN 1398:2009ICS 53.080NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDDock levellers SafetyrequirementsThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 30 April2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 54576 4Amendments/

2、corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 1398:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1398:2009. Itsupersedes BS EN 1398:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MHE/12, Lifting platforms.A list

3、 of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obl

4、igations.BS EN 1398:2009EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1398March 2009ICS 53.080 Supersedes EN 1398:1997 English VersionDock levellers - Safety requirementsRampes ajustables - Prescriptions de scurit Ladebrcken - SicherheitsanforderungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on

5、 14 February 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may

6、be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN M

7、anagement Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, No

8、rway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and

9、 by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1398:2009: EBS EN 1398:2009EN 1398:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions .8 4 List of significant hazards . 10 5 Safety requirements and/or protective measure

10、s . 12 5.1 Calculations and dimensions 12 5.2 General safety requirements and protective measures 16 5.3 Additional requirements for manually operated dock levellers . 19 5.4 Additional requirements for power-operated dock levellers . 20 6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or the protectiv

11、e measures . 24 7 Information for use . 25 7.1 General . 25 7.2 Marking 25 7.3 Instructions for use 25 7.4 Instructions for maintenance and inspection 26 Annex A (informative) Examples of suitable tests 28 A.1 General . 28 A.2 Stability test . 28 A.3 Function test of the automatic safety device . 30

12、 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC . 31 Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 32 Bibliography . 33 Figures Figure 1 Types

13、of dock levellers 6 Figure 2 Main parts of a dock leveller . 9 Figure 3 Position of contact areas 14 Figure 4 Max. permanent deformation of bridge deck sheets 15 Figure 5 Safeguarding of crushing and shearing hazards . 18 Figure A.1 Stability test for load case 1 29 Figure A.2 Stability test for loa

14、d case 2 29 Figure A.3 Max. deformation of bridge deck sheets 29 BS EN 1398:2009EN 1398:2009 (E) 3 Tables Table 1 Significant hazards and safety requirements 11 Table 2 Applicable factors and loads at different load combinations 13 Table 3 Means of verification of the safety requirements and measure

15、s 24 BS EN 1398:2009EN 1398:2009 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 1398:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 98 “Lifting platforms”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical

16、 text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held

17、responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1398:1997. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). For relationship

18、with EC Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Cz

19、ech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1398:2009EN 1398:2009 (E) 5 Introduct

20、ion This European Standard is a type C-standard as defined in EN ISO 12100. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are covered are indicated in the scope of this European Standard. In addition, machinery shall comply as appropriate with EN

21、ISO 12100 for hazards which are not covered by this European Standard. Where provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that hav

22、e been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard. BS EN 1398:2009EN 1398:2009 (E) 6 1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard specifies the safety requirements for design, construction, installation, maintenance and testing of dock levellers and for safety components on dock le

23、vellers. With the exception of: a) dock levellers for marine and aircraft applications; b) lifting tables; c) vehicle mounted tail lifts. NOTE 1 Requirements for lifting tables are laid down in EN 1570. NOTE 2 Requirements for vehicle mounted tail lifts are laid down in EN 1756-1. 1.2 This European

24、Standard is applicable to dock levellers which are used by persons and/or manual or power driven transport equipment (e. g. forklift trucks) as traffic paths between goods vehicles, both road vehicles and rail wagons, and parts of buildings such as loading docks. This standard does not deal with oth

25、er bridging devices not shown in Figure 1. a) Bridge plate (dock plate) manually operated, mobile b) Manually or power operated dockleveller, fixed at the dock edge c) Manually operated dock leveller, installed in a pit, hinged lip d) Power operated dock leveller, installed in a pit, telescopic or h

26、inged lip Figure 1 Types of dock levellers NOTE Only dock levellers fitted with a drive system other than directly applied human effort are machines in the sense of the Machinery Directive. 1.3 This European Standard specifies requirements in order to protect persons and objects against accidents an

27、d health problems and damage during use and operation of dock levellers. BS EN 1398:2009EN 1398:2009 (E) 7 Persons to protect are: a) operators and users; b) maintaining and inspecting personnel; c) persons near the dock leveller. Objects to be protected are: d) goods on dock levellers; e) transport

28、 equipment on dock levellers. 1.4 The significant hazards of dock levellers are listed in Clause 4. These hazards have been identified by risk assessment according to EN ISO 12100-2 and require actions to avoid the hazard, or to reduce the risk, which are covered in Clause 5. 1.5 The safety requirem

29、ents are based on the assumption that the dock levellers are regularly maintained by competent persons to the instructions of the manufacturer and that the operating person has been instructed in the use of the dock leveller. 1.6 This European Standard is not applicable to dock levellers which are m

30、anufactured before the date of its publication as EN. 1.7 This European Standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to dock Levellers, when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). 2 Normative references

31、 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 349, Safety of machinery Minimum gaps to avoi

32、d crushing of parts of the human body EN 982, Safety of machinery Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components Hydraulics EN 983, Safety of machinery Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components Pneumatics EN 60204-1:2006, Safety of machinery Electrical equipm

33、ent of machines Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60204-1:2005, modified) EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) (IEC 60529:1989) EN 60947-4-1, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters; Electromechanical contactors and motor-starte

34、rs (IEC 60947-4-1:2000) EN 60947-4-2, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 4-2: Contactors and motor-starters AC semiconductor motor controllers and starters (IEC 60947-4-2:1999) EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology,

35、methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) BS EN 1398:2009EN 1398:2009 (E) 8 EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003) EN ISO 13849-1:2008, Safety of machinery Safety related parts of control systems Part 1: General pri

36、nciples for design (ISO 13849-1:2006) EN ISO 13850, Safety of machinery Emergency stop Principles for design (ISO 13850:2006) ISO 11228-1, Ergonomics Manual handling Part 1: Lifting and carrying ISO 11228-2, Ergonomics Manual handling Part 2: Pushing and pulling CENELEC HD 60364-4-41, Low-voltage el

37、ectrical installations Part 4-41: Protection for safety Protection against electric shock (IEC 60364-4-41:2005, modified) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following apply. 3.1 dock leveller static or mobile devi

38、ce to bridge the space between a loading dock or similar loading areas and the loading surface of a vehicle which may be at different levels NOTE 1 Dock levellers may be built as: a) manually operated, mobile dock leveller, called bridge plate or dock board, see Figure 1a); b) power operated dock le

39、veller built into a loading dock or fixed at the edge of a dock, see Figure 1b) and d); c) manually operated dock leveller built in to a loading dock or fixed to the edge of a dock, see Figure 1b) and c). NOTE 2 Dock levellers are provided for loading and unloading operations and are not designed to

40、 lift or lower loads. NOTE 3 The lifting or lowering mechanism is only provided to make alterations in the position of the unloaded dock leveller. 3.2 dock board/bridge plate dock leveller, consisting of a manually operated plate, suspended or loose 3.3 latched dock leveller dock leveller which is h

41、eld in a certain position by a positively engaged locking device 3.4 bridge deck part of the dock leveller in the form of a plate which is used as traffic path for persons and/or transport equipment, but excluding the lip (see Figure 2) BS EN 1398:2009EN 1398:2009 (E) 9 Key 1 Bridge deck 2 Bearer 3

42、Hinged lip Figure 2 Main parts of a dock leveller 3.5 bearer supporting part of a dock leveller in the form of a beam, fixed at the under side of the bridge deck (see Figure 2) 3.6 support device part of a dock leveller, e. g. in the form of a block, bar or bolt which supports the dock leveller in t

43、he horizontal stored position 3.7 hinged lip part of a dock leveller hinged to the bridge deck and resting on the vehicle in the operational position (see Figure 2) 3.8 telescopic lip part of a dock leveller which can be telescopically extended towards the vehicle and which rests on the vehicle in t

44、he operational position 3.9 loading loading or unloading a vehicle using a dock leveller 3.10 free floating condition mode in which the dock leveller supported on the vehicle may follow automatically the vertical movements of the vehicle during the loading process 3.11 stored position position to wh

45、ich the dock leveller is put, or to which it returns, when loading has finished BS EN 1398:2009EN 1398:2009 (E) 10 3.12 automatic return return cycle of the dock leveller to its stored position with or without operator initiation 3.13 installed fixed to a dock edge or built in to the loading dock or

46、 a similar area 3.14 automatic safety device device which automatically prevents an uncontrolled and dangerous lowering of the loaded dock leveller 3.15 emergency stop device manually operated device intended to stop all movements of a dock leveller in the event of danger 3.16 rated load weight of t

47、he greatest moving load (including goods, persons and transport equipment for goods) for which the dock leveller is designed 3.17 competent person person who, in accordance with his training and experience, has sufficient knowledge in the field of dock levellers and is sufficiently familiar with rel

48、evant regulations to be able to assess the safe condition of dock levellers 3.18 operational position position of the dock leveller in which it is provided for loading and unloading 4 List of significant hazards The hazards that can influence the safety of persons during operation, maintenance or in

49、spection have been identified by the risk assessment procedure and the corresponding requirements formulated. Table 1 shows the hazards which have been identified and where the corresponding requirements have been formulated in this European Standard. BS EN 1398:2009EN 1398:2009 (E) 11 Table 1 Significant hazards and safety requirements Significant hazards Safety requirements; Relevant clauses in this standard 1.1 Crushing hazard 5.2.9, 5.2.10, 5.4.2.1, 5.4.2.2, 5.4.2.4, 5.4.2.5, 5.4.2.7, 5.4.2.8 1.2