EN 14157-2017 en Natural stone test methods - Determination of the abrasion resistance.pdf

1、Natural stone test methods - Determination of the abrasion resistanceBS EN 14157:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14157 October 2017 ICS 73.020; 91.100.15 Supersedes EN 14157:2004English Version

2、Natural stone test methods - Determination of the abrasion resistance Pierres naturelles - Dtermination de la rsistance lusure This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 July 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for givi

3、ng this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three offi

4、cial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of

5、 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia,

6、 Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worl

7、dwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14157:2017 ENational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14157:2017. It supersedes BS EN 14157:2004, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/545, Natural stone.A list of org

8、anizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2

9、017ISBN 978 0 580 94813 8ICS 91.100.15; 73.020Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate

10、Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14157:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14157 October 2017 ICS 73.020; 91.100.15 Supersedes EN 14157:2004English Version Natural stone test methods - Determination of the abrasion resistance Pierres naturelles - Dtermination de la rsistance l

11、usure This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 July 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical

12、references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of

13、a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Mace

14、donia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISA

15、TION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14157:2017 EBS EN 14157:2017EN 14157:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European forewo

16、rd . 3 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Method A Wide Wheel Abrasion Test . 5 3.1 Principle . 5 3.2 Abrasive material 5 3.3 Apparatus . 5 3.3.1 The wearing machine 5 3.3.2 Magnifying glass 8 3.3.3 Ruler 8 3.3.4 Calliper 8 3.4 Calibration . 9 3.5 Preparation of test specimens 9 3.6 Test procedure

17、 10 3.6.1 Test Method 10 3.6.2 Measuring the groove . 10 3.7 Test results . 11 4 Method B Bhme Abrasion Test 11 4.1 Principle 11 4.2 Abrasive material . 11 4.3 Apparatus 11 4.3.1 Thickness measuring device 11 4.3.2 Disc abrader . 11 4.3.3 Test Track . 11 4.3.4 Specimen holder . 12 4.3.5 Loading devi

18、ce . 12 4.4 Preparation of test specimens . 12 4.5 Test Procedure 13 4.6 Test results . 13 5 Test report 14 Bibliography . 16 BS EN 14157:2017EN 14157:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 14157:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural stones”, the secretariat of w

19、hich is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2018. Attention is drawn to the possib

20、ility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14157:2004. The main technical changes compared to EN 14157:2004 are the following: 1) Met

21、hod C AMSLER is deleted; 2) For Method B Bhme only 3 specimen are used instead of 6. This document is one of the series of draft documents for tests on natural stone. Test methods for natural stone consist of the following parts: EN 1925, Natural stone test methods Determination of water absorption

22、coefficient by capillarity EN 1926, Natural stone test methods Determination of uniaxial compressive strength EN 1936, Natural stone test methods Determination of real density and apparent density, and of total and open porosity EN 12370, Natural stone test methods Determination of resistance to sal

23、t crystallization EN 12371, Natural stone test methods Determination of frost resistance EN 12372, Natural stone test methods Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load EN 12407, Natural stone test methods Petrographic examination EN 13161, Natural stone test methods Determination of

24、 flexural strength under constant moment EN 13373, Natural stone test methods Determination of geometric characteristics on units EN 13755, Natural stone test methods Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure EN 14066, Natural stone test methods Determination of resistance to ageing

25、by thermal shock EN 14147, Natural stone test methods Determination of resistance to ageing by salt mist EN 14231, Natural stone test methods Determination of the slip resistance by means of the pendulum tester BS EN 14157:2017EN 14157:2017 (E) 4 EN 14158, Natural stone test methods Determination of

26、 rupture energy EN 14579, Natural stone test methods Determination of sound speed propagation EN 14580, Natural stone test methods Determination of static elastic modulus EN 14581, Natural stone test methods Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient It is intended that other ENs should c

27、all up this EN 14157 as the basis of evaluation of conformity. Nevertheless it is not intended that all natural stones products should be subjected regularly to all the listed tests. Specifications in other documents should call up only relevant test methods. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Re

28、gulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,

29、 Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14157:2017EN 14157:2017 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies two test methods to determine the abrasion

30、 resistance of natural stones used for flooring in buildings. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the

31、latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 10025 (all parts), Hot rolled products of structural steels EN 13373, Natural stone test methods Determination of geometric characteristics on units EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test m

32、ethod (ISO 6506-1) 3 Method A Wide Wheel Abrasion Test 3.1 Principle The test is carried out by abrading the face of a specimen which will be exposed in use with an abrasive material under standard conditions. 3.2 Abrasive material The abrasive required for this test is corundum (white fused alumina

33、) with grit size of 80 in accordance with technical document FEPA 42-1:2006. It shall not be used for more than three times. 3.3 Apparatus 3.3.1 The wearing machine The wearing machine (see Figure 1) is essentially made of a wide abrasion wheel, a storage hopper with one or two control valves to reg

34、ulate the output of the abrasive material, a flow guidance hopper, a clamping trolley and a counterweight. When two valves are used, one shall be used to regulate the rate of flow and can be permanently set while the other is used to turn the flow on and off. BS EN 14157:2017EN 14157:2017 (E) 6 Key

35、1 clamping trolley 8 counterweight 2 fixing screw 9 slot 3 specimen 10 groove 4 control valve 11 abrasive material flow 5 storage hopper 12 abrasive collector 6 flow guidance hopper 13 wedge 7 wide abrasion wheel Figure 1 Principle of the wearing machine The wide abrasion wheel shall be made of stee

36、l Fe 690 according to EN 10025. The hardness of the steel shall be between 203 HB and 245 HB. Its diameter shall be (200 1) mm and its width shall be (70 1) mm. It shall be driven to rotate 75 revolutions in (60 3) s. A mobile clamping trolley is mounted on bearings and forced to move forwards to th

37、e wheel by a counterweight having a mass of (14 0,01) kg. The storage hopper containing the abrasive material feeds a flow guidance hopper. BS EN 14157:2017EN 14157:2017 (E) 7 The flow guidance hopper may have a cylindrical or rectangular cross-section and shall have a slotted outlet. The length of

38、the slot shall be (45 1) mm and the width shall be (4 1) mm. The body of the flow guidance hopper shall be at least 10 mm bigger than the slot in all directions. In the case of a hopper with a rectangular cross section and at least one of the sides inclined down to the length of the slot, these dime

39、nsional limitations are not necessary (see Figure 2). Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 inclined side 2 vertical side a, b, c 10 6 flow guidance hopper 9 slot Figure 2 Position of the slot at the base of the flow guidance hopper in case of cylindrical cross section (left) and of rectangular cross sect

40、ion (right) The distance of the fall between the slot and the axle of the wide abrasion wheel shall be (100 5) mm and the flow of abrasive shall be (1 to 5) mm behind the leading edge of the wheel (see Figure 3). BS EN 14157:2017EN 14157:2017 (E) 8 Dimensions in millimetres Key 3 specimen 6 flow gui

41、dance hopper 7 wide abrasion wheel 9 slot A distance of the flow of abrasive from the leading edge of the wheel (from 1 to 5) mm. Figure 3 Position of the slot relative to the wide abrasion wheel for a cylindrical cross section of the flow guidance hopper (left) and for a rectangular cross section o

42、f the flow guidance hopper (right) The flow of the abrasive material from the flow guidance hopper shall be at a minimum rate of 2,5 litres per minute onto the wide abrasion wheel. The flow of abrasive shall be constant and the minimum level of the abrasive in the flow guidance hopper shall be 25 mm

43、 (see Figure 3). 3.3.2 Magnifying glass A magnifying glass having at least 2 magnification and preferably equipped with a light. 3.3.3 Ruler A steel ruler. 3.3.4 Calliper A digital calliper, having an accuracy of at least 0,05 mm. BS EN 14157:2017EN 14157:2017 (E) 9 3.4 Calibration The apparatus sha

44、ll be calibrated after grinding 400 grooves or every two months whichever is sooner and every time there is a new operator, a new batch of abrasive, or a new abrasion wheel. The abrasive flow rate shall be verified by pouring the material from a height of approximately 100 mm into a pre-weighed rigi

45、d container with a smooth rim, of height (90 10) mm and of known volume when filled to the top, this shall be approximately 1 l. As the container fills, the pourer shall be raised to approximately maintain the 100 mm fall. When the container is filled, the top shall be struck off level and weighed t

46、o determine the mass of abrasive for a known volume, i.e. the density. The abrasive shall be run through the wearing machine for (60 1) s and collected below the abrasion wheel in a pre-weighed container of at least 3 l capacity. The filled container shall be weighed and from the density determined

47、above, the rate of abrasive flow can be verified as not less than 2,5 litres per minute. The apparatus shall be calibrated against a reference sample of “Boulonnais Marble” using the procedure in 3.6.1 and the counterweight adjusted so that after 75 revolutions of the wheel in (60 3) s the length of

48、 the groove produced is (20,0 0,5) mm. The counterweight shall be increased or decreased to increase or decrease the groove length respectively. The clamping trolley/counterweight assembly shall be checked for undue friction. NOTE The “Boulonnais Marble” reference is: Lunel demi-clair, thickness: 5

49、cm, c/passe 2 faces ground with a diamond grit size 100/120, with a rugosity class Ra = (1,6 0,4) m in accordance with EN ISO 4288. The groove shall be measured using the procedure in 3.6.2 to the nearest 0,1 mm and the three results averaged to give the calibration value. An alternative material may be used for the reference sample if a good correlation (that is where the r2is greater than 0,8 has established with the reference material “Boulonnais Marble”. At every calibrati